Race and unhealthy behaviors: chronic stress, the HPA axis, and physical and mental health disparities over the life course
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether unhealthy behaviors play a stress-buffering role in observed racial disparities in physical and mental health. METHODS: We conducted logistic regressions by race on data from the first 2 waves of the Americans' Changing Lives Survey to determine whether unhealthy behaviors had buffering effects on the relationship between major stressors and chronic health conditions, and on the relationship between major stressors and meeting the criteria for major depression. RESULTS: Among Whites, unhealthy behaviors strengthened the relationship between stressors and meeting major-depression criteria. Among Blacks, however, the relationship between stressors and meeting major-depression criteria was stronger among those who had not engaged in unhealthy behaviors than among those who had. Among both race groups there was a positive association between stressors and chronic health conditions. Among Blacks there was an additional positive association between number of unhealthy behaviors and number of chronic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Those who live in chronically stressful environments often cope with stressors by engaging in unhealthy behaviors that may have protective mental-health effects. However, such unhealthy behaviors can combine with negative environmental conditions to eventually contribute to morbidity and mortality disparities among social groups.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
One of the environmental affordances model's main arguments is that health-related self-regulatory coping strategies, such as substance use and consumption of unhealthy foods, although psychologically protective, are key contributing factors to poor physical health among Black Americans.
“One of the EA model’s main arguments is that health-related self-regulatory coping strategies, such as substance use and consumption of unhealthy foods, although psychologically protective, are key contributing factors to poor physical health among Black Americans (Jackson et al. 2010; Mezuk et al. 2013).”
From Is John Henryism a Health Risk or Resource?: Exploring the Role of Culturally Relevant Coping for Physical and Mental Health among Black Americans. (2021) · cites this paper as Jackson et al. 2010
It is likely that a complex combination of structural, physiological, psychological and behavioral differences drive racial/ethnic health disparities.
“It is likely that a complex combination of structural, physiological, psychological and behavioral differences drive these relationships (205, 206, 208-210).”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [210]
There are trade-offs in terms of physical and mental health that, on one hand, may increase the likelihood of passing on one's genes by improving coping with adversity and enhancing mental health and overall reproductive success, but, on the other hand, may impair later health, e.g., by eating of comfort foods.
“Yet, there are “trade-offs” in terms of physical and mental health that, on one hand, may increase the likelihood of passing on one's genes by improving coping with adversity and enhancing mental health and overall reproductive success, but, on the other hand, may impair later health, e.g., by eating of “comfort foods””
From Neurobiological and Systemic Effects of Chronic Stress (2017) · cites this paper as [129]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352 · Cited by 36,644 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370 · see citing works
Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
McEwen, B. S. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801153380307 · Cited by 6,733 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In addition, these drugs also activate the HPA axis, which may increase the allostatic load of the individual.(18) Thus, although individuals may be protected from the psychological effects of stress, they are not protected from its physical effects.”
BackgroundRobins, L. N. (1981) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780290015001 · Cited by 5,219 · see citing works
Psychiatric disorders in America: the epidemiologic catchment area study
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-5931 · Cited by 2,561 · see citing works
(2018) · RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) · Cited by 1,684 · see citing works
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.7.979 · Cited by 1,485 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Even more striking, results from the National Comorbidity Study and the recently concluded Collaborative Studies of Psychiatric Epidemiology revealed that rates of mental disorders, especially mood disorders, were consistently lower for Black Americans than they were for White Americans.(6,12) We theorize that, over t…”
ResultChronic stress and obesity: a new view of “comfort food”
Dallman, M. F., Pecoraro, N., Akana, S. F., la Fleur, S. E., Gomez, F., Houshyar, H., Bell, M. E., Bhatnagar, S., Laugero, K. D., & Manalo, S. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1934666100 · Cited by 1,369 · see citing works
Pharmacologic Aspects of Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Addiction
Oates, J. A., Wood, A. J. J., & Benowitz, N. L. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198811173192005 · Cited by 963 · see citing works
The Social Stratification of Aging and Health
House, J. S., Lepkowski, J. M., Kinney, A. M., Mero, R. P., Kessler, R. C., & Herzog, A. R. (1994) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2137277 · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Piazza, P. V., & Le Moal, M. (1996) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.36.040196.002043 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
The role of stress in drug self-administration
Piazza, P. V., & Moal, M. L. (1998) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(97)01115-2 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Specifying race-ethnic differences in risk for psychiatric disorder in a USA national sample
BRESLAU, J., AGUILAR-GAXIOLA, S., KENDLER, K. S., SU, M., WILLIAMS, D., & KESSLER, R. C. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291705006161 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Pharmacology of Nicotine: Addiction and Therapeutics
Benowitz, N. L. (1996) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.36.040196.003121 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Dohrenwend, B. P. (2000) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2676357 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Neurocircuitry Targets in Ethanol Reward and Dependence
Koob, G. F., Roberts, A. J., Schulteis, G., Parsons, L. H., Heyser, C. J., Hyytiä, P., Merlo‐Pich, E., & Weiss, F. (1998) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03611.x · Cited by 560 · see citing works
The significance of socioeconomic status in explaining the racial gap in chronic health conditions
Hayward, M. D., Miles, T. P., Crimmins, E. M., & Yang, Y. (2000) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2657519 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Interaction between glucocorticoid hormones, stress and psychostimulant drugs*
Marinelli, M., & Piazza, P. V. (2002) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02089.x · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Implication of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the physiopathology of depression
Barden, N. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0421 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
SEGREGATION AND STRATIFICATION: A Biosocial Perspective
Massey, D. S. (2004) · Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race · doi:10.1017/s1742058x04040032 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Reinstatement of alcohol-seeking by priming injections of alcohol and exposure to stress in rats
Lê, A. D., Quan, B. H., Juzytsch, W., Fletcher, P. J., Joharchi, N., & Shaham, Y. (1998) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050498 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Zumpe, D., & Michael, R. P. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1239-4_5 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Endocrinology of the stress-response.
Sapolsky, R. M. (2002) · Cited by 279 · see citing works
The Social Psychology of Health Disparities
Schnittker, J., & McLeod, J. (2005) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.30.012703.110622 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
The development and history of the poverty thresholds.
Fisher, G. M. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Peele, S., & Brodsky, A. (2000) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00112-5 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
‘Normal’ cigarette smoking increases free cortisol in habitual smokers
Kirschbaum, C., Wüst, S., & Strasburger, C. J. (1992) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(92)90378-3 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Geronimus, A. T., & Thompson, J. P. (2004) · Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race · doi:10.1017/s1742058x04042031 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
THE PREVALENCE OF MAJOR DEPRESSION IN BLACK AND WHITE ADULTS IN FIVE UNITED STATES COMMUNITIES
Somervell, P. D., Leaf, P. J., Weissman, M. M., Blazer, D. G., & BRUCE, M. L. (1989) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115394 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Dallman, M. F., Akana, S. F., Laugero, K. D., Gómez-Oliver, F., Manalo, S. L., Bell, M. E., & Bhatnagar, S. (2003) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(03)00100-8 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Jackson, J. S., & Knight, K. M. (2006) · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationEncyclopedia of adult development
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-5151 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Porcu, P., Sogliano, C., Cinus, M., Purdy, R. H., Biggio, G., & Concas, A. (2003) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(02)01065-1 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The Relationship Between the Trajectory of Body Mass Index and Health Trajectory Among Older Adults
Kahng, S. K., Dunkle, R. E., & Jackson, J. S. (2004) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027503258734 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationRacial/Ethnic Disparities in Health Behaviors: A Challenge to Current Assumptions
Anderson, N. B., Bulatao, R. A. B., & Cohen, B. (2004) · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Heisler, M. B., Rust, G. S., Pattillo, R. A., & Dubois, A. M. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Endorphins, opiates and behavioural processes
Robbins, T. W. (1990) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(90)90017-q · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [35]Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1987 Revised Third Edition Washington, DC American Psychiatric Association
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Brain on stress: how the social environment gets under the skin
McEwen, B. S. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1121254109 · Cited by 1,200 · see citing works
Neurobiological and Systemic Effects of Chronic Stress
McEwen, B. S. (2017) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547017692328 · Cited by 1,059 · see citing works
Williams, D. R. (2018) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146518814251 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
Sleep disparity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position
Grandner, M. A., Williams, N. J., Knutson, K. L., Roberts, D., & Jean-Louis, G. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.020 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Health Disparities due to Diminished Return among Black Americans: Public Policy Solutions
Assari, S. (2018) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.12042 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Sexual orientation concealment and mental health: A conceptual and meta-analytic review.
Pachankis, J. E., Mahon, C. P., Jackson, S. D., Fetzner, B. K., & Bränström, R. (2020) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000271 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
The National Institute on Aging Health Disparities Research Framework
Hill, C. V., Pérez‐Stable, E. J., Norman A. Anderson, P., & Bernard, M. (2015) · Ethnicity & Disease · doi:10.18865/ed.25.3.245 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Hicken, M. T., Lee, H., Ailshire, J., Burgard, S. A., & Williams, D. R. (2013) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-013-9095-9 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Meyer, O. L., Castro‐Schilo, L., & Aguilar‐Gaxiola, S. (2014) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2014.302003 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Stress-Related Biosocial Mechanisms of Discrimination and African American Health Inequities
Goosby, B. J., Cheadle, J. E., & Mitchell, C. M. (2018) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053403 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Amaro, H. D. L. A., Sánchez, M., Bautista, T. G., & Cox, R. J. A. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108518 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Race, Gender, and Chains of Disadvantage
Umberson, D., Williams, K., Thomas, P. A., Liu, H., & Thomeer, M. B. (2014) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146514521426 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Social Stigma and its Consequences for the Socially Stigmatized
Frost, D. M. (2011) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00394.x · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Recognizing resilience: Learning from the effects of stress on the brain
McEwen, B. S., Gray, J. D., & Nasca, C. (2015) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.09.001 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Kondo, M. C., Jacoby, S. F., & South, E. C. (2018) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.03.001 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Collateral Damage: The Health Effects of Invasive Police Encounters in New York City
Sewell, A. A., & Jefferson, K. A. (2016) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-015-0016-7 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Race-Ethnicity, Poverty, Urban Stressors, and Telomere Length in a Detroit Community-based Sample
Geronimus, A. T., Pearson, J. A., Linnenbringer, E. L., Schulz, A. J., Reyes, A. G., Epel, E. S., Lin, J., & Blackburn, E. H. (2015) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146515582100 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Hudson, D., Bullard, K. M., Neighbors, H. W., Geronimus, A. T., Yang, J., & Jackson, J. S. (2012) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1016/j.jomh.2012.03.006 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationMezuk, B. R., Rafferty, J. A., Kershaw, K. N., Hudson, D., Abdou, C. M., Lee, H., Eaton, W. W., & Jackson, J. S. (2010) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwq283 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Self-citationMyers, H. F., Wyatt, G. E., Ullman, J. B., Loeb, T. B., Chin, D., Prause, N., Zhang, M., Williams, J. K., Slavich, G. M., & Liu, H. (2015) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0039077 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Mezuk, B., Abdou, C. M., Hudson, D., Kershaw, K. N., Rafferty, J. A., Lee, H., & Jackson, J. S. (2013) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869313480892 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationMental health care among blacks in America: Confronting racism and constructing solutions
Alang, S. (2019) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13115 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Hudson, D., Puterman, E. M., Bibbins-Domingo, K. B., Matthews, K. A., & Adler, N. E. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.07.031 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Coping with racial discrimination: The role of substance use.
Gerrard, M., Stock, M. L., Roberts, M. E., Gibbons, F. X., O'Hara, R. E., Weng, C., & Wills, T. A. (2012) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0027711 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Gibbons, F. X., O'Hara, R. E., Stock, M. L., Gerrard, M., Weng, C.-Y., & Wills, T. A. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027404 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Levy, D. J., Heissel, J. A., Richeson, J. A., & Adam, E. K. (2016) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0040322 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Barnes, D. M., & Bates, L. M. (2017) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1394-9 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Braveman, P., Dominguez, T. P., Burke, W., Dolan, S. M., Stevenson, D. K., Jackson, F. M., Collins, J. W., Driscoll, D. A., Haley, T., Acker, J., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Reproductive Health · doi:10.3389/frph.2021.684207 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Poverty, Race, and CKD in a Racially and Socioeconomically Diverse Urban Population
Crews, D. C., Charles, R. F., Evans, M. K., Zonderman, A. B., & Powe, N. R. (2010) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.12.032 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Health lifestyle behaviors among U.S. adults
Onge, J. M. S., & Krueger, P. M. (2016) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.12.009 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Brown, L. L., Mitchell, U. A., & Ailshire, J. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gby072 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Discrimination and Hypertension Risk Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study
Forde, A. T., Sims, M., Muntner, P., Lewis, T. T., Onwuka, A. J., Moore, K., & Roux, A. V. D. (2020) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14492 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
After Pierce and Sue: A Revised Racial Microaggressions Taxonomy
Williams, M. T., Skinta, M. D., & Martin‐Willett, R. (2021) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691621994247 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Measures of maternal stress and mood in relation to preterm birth
Hoffman, M. C., Mazzoni, S. E., Wagner, B. D., Laudenslager, M. L., & Ross, R. G. (2016) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000001287 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Grandner, M. A., Alfonso-Miller, P., Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Shetty, S., Shenoy, S., & Combs, D. (2016) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0000000000000324 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Jones, S. C. T., & Neblett, E. W. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1146991 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Racism and health: Challenges and future directions in behavioral and psychological research.
Neblett, E. W. (2019) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/cdp0000253 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
White, M. P., Hartig, T., Martin, L., Pahl, S., den Berg, A. E. V., Wells, N. M., Costongs, C., Dzhambov, A. M., Elliott, L. R., Godfrey, A., et al. (2023) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.108234 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Gaydosh, L. M., Schorpp, K., Chen, E., Miller, G. E., & Harris, K. M. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1714616114 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Health risk behaviours and allostatic load: A systematic review
Suvarna, B., Suvarna, A., Phillips, R., Juster, R., McDERMOTT, B. M., & Sarnyai, Z. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.020 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Evidence of accelerated aging among African Americans and its implications for mortality
Levine, M. E., & Crimmins, E. M. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.022 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Kershaw, K. N., Albrecht, S. S., & Carnethon, M. (2013) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws372 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Black Deaths Matter: Race, Relationship Loss, and Effects on Survivors
Umberson, D. (2017) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146517739317 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Cheng, H., & Mallinckrodt, B. S. (2015) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000052 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
A stress and coping perspective on health behaviors: theoretical and methodological considerations
Park, C. L., & Iacocca, M. O. (2013) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2013.860969 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Association Between Stressful Life Events and Depression; Intersection of Race and Gender
Assari, S., & Lankarani, M. M. (2015) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-015-0160-5 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
The Implications of Unintended Pregnancies for Mental Health in Later Life
Herd, P., Higgins, J., Sicinski, K., & Merkurieva, I. (2015) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302973 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Race disparities in cardiovascular disease risk factors within socioeconomic status strata
Bell, C. N., Thorpe, R. J., Bowie, J. V., & LaVeist, T. A. (2017) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.12.007 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Hernández, D., & Siegel, E. (2018) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2018.08.011 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Sims, M., Roux, A. V. D., Gebreab, S. Y., Brenner, A. B., Dubbert, P. M., Wyatt, S. B., Bruce, M. A., Hickson, D. A., Payne, T., & Taylor, H. A. (2015) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206390 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Measuring Masculinity in Research on Men of Color: Findings and Future Directions
Griffith, D. M., Gunter, K., & Watkins, D. C. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.300715 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
A Systematic, Multi-domain Review of Mobile Smartphone Apps for Evidence-Based Stress Management
Coulon, S. M., Monroe, C. M., & West, D. S. (2016) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.01.026 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
El‐Behadli, A. F., Sharp, C., Hughes, S. O., Obasi, E. M., & Nicklas, T. A. (2015) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s000711451400333x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Church-Based Health Programs for Mental Disorders Among African Americans: A Review
Hankerson, S. H., & Weissman, M. M. (2012) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201100216 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Risky Substance Use Environments and Addiction: A New Frontier for Environmental Justice Research
Mennis, J. L., Stahler, G. J., & Mason, M. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13060607 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
The weight of racism: Vigilance and racial inequalities in weight-related measures
Hicken, M. T., Lee, H. E., & Hing, A. K. (2017) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.058 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Stress trajectories, health behaviors, and the mental health of black and white young adults
Boardman, J. D., & Alexander, K. B. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.03.024 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Lockwood, K. G., Marsland, A. L., Matthews, K. A., & Gianaros, P. J. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13939 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Bell, C. N., Kerr, J., & Young, J. L. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16050861 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Perceived control reduces mortality risk at low, not high, education levels.
Turiano, N. A., Chapman, B. P., Agrigoroaei, S., Infurna, F. J., & Lachman, M. E. (2014) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000022 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Doamekpor, L. A., & Dinwiddie, G. Y. (2015) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2014.302285 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Kairuz, C. A., Casanelia, L. M., Bennett‐Brook, K., Coombes, J., & Yadav, U. N. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11363-x · Cited by 123 · see citing works
The Hispanic Stress Inventory Version 2: Improving the assessment of acculturation stress.
Cervantes, R. C., Fisher, D. G., Padilla, A. M., & Napper, L. E. (2015) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000200 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Neighborhood Racial Isolation, Disorder and Obesity
Chang, V. W., Hillier, A., & Mehta, N. (2009) · Social forces; a scientific medium of social study and interpretation · doi:10.1353/sof.0.0188 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Parenting in the Context of Deportation Risk
Cardoso, J. B., Scott, J. L., Faulkner, M., & Barros-Lane, L. (2018) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.12463 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Racial differences in depression in the United States: how do subgroup analyses inform a paradox?
Barnes, D. M., Keyes, K. M., & Bates, L. M. (2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0718-7 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Perceived Racial Discrimination as a Predictor of Health Behaviors: the Moderating Role of Gender
Brodish, A. B., Cogburn, C. D., Fuller‐Rowell, T. E., Peck, S., Malanchuk, O., & Eccles, J. S. (2011) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-011-9050-6 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Investigating the Relationship between Perceived Discrimination, Social Status, and Mental Health
Lee, H. E., & Turney, K. (2012) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869311433067 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Is the Black-White Mental Health Paradox Consistent Across Gender and Psychiatric Disorders?
Erving, C. L., Thomas, C. S., & Frazier, C. (2019) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwy224 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
A Framework of Minority Stress: From Physiological Manifestations to Cognitive Outcomes
Forrester, S., Gallo, J. J., Whitfield, K. E., & Thorpe, R. J. (2018) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gny104 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Can Family Relationships Explain the Race Paradox in Mental Health?
Mouzon, D. M. (2013) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.12006 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Gibbons, F. X., Kingsbury, J. H., Weng, C., Gerrard, M., Cutrona, C. E., Wills, T. A., & Stock, M. L. (2014) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033857 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Schetter, C. D., Schäfer, P., Lanzi, R. G., Clark‐Kauffman, E., Raju, T. N. K., Hillemeier, M. M., & The Community Child Health Network (2013) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691613506016 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Depression Among Older Adults in the United States by Disaggregated Race and Ethnicity
Hooker, K. A., Phibbs, S. C., Irvin, V. L., Mendez‐Luck, C. A., Ðoàn, L. N., Li, T., Turner, S. G., & Choun, S. (2018) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gny159 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Health Behaviors and All-Cause Mortality in African American Men
Thorpe, R. J., Wilson‐Frederick, S. M., Bowie, J. V., Coa, K. I., Clay, O. J., LaVeist, T. A., & Whitfield, K. E. (2013) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988313487552 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Barr, P. B., Bigdeli, T. B., & Meyers, J. L. (2022) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0685 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Rodriquez, E. J., Livaudais‐Toman, J., Gregorich, S. E., Jackson, J. S., Nápoles, A. M., & Pérez‐Stable, E. J. (2018) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.002 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding high-risk behavior among non-dominant minorities: A social resistance framework
Factor, R., Kawachi, I. I., & Williams, D. R. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.07.027 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Roettger, M. E., & Boardman, J. D. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwr409 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Majnarić, L., Bosnić, Z., Guljaš, S., Vučić, D., Kurevija, T., Volaric, M., Martinovic, I., & Wittlinger, T. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22168970 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
COVID-19 Mental Health Disparities
Saltzman, L. Y., Lesen, A. E., Henry, V., Hansel, T. C., & Bordnick, P. S. (2021) · Health Security · doi:10.1089/hs.2021.0017 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
What Are the Health Consequences of Upward Mobility?
Chen, E., Brody, G. H., & Miller, G. E. (2021) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-033020-122814 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Assari, S., Burgard, S. A., & Zivin, K. (2015) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-015-0116-9 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Chen, E., Miller, G. E., Brody, G. H., & Lei, M. (2014) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614546639 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Introducing a New Intervention: An Overview of Research Phases and Common Challenges
Gitlin, L. N. (2013) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2013.006742 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Baker, T. A., Buchanan, N. T., Mingo, C. A., Roker, R., & Brown, C. S. (2014) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnu105 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Identity‐Based Motivation: Implications for Health and Health Disparities
Oyserman, D., Smith, G. C. M., & Elmore, K. (2014) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12056 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Onge, J. M. S., Krueger, P. M., & Rogers, R. G. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu009 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Watkins, D. C., Assari, S., & Johnson‐Lawrence, V. (2015) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-015-0085-z · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A Competing Neurobehavioral Decision Systems model of SES-related health and behavioral disparities
Bickel, W. K., Moody, L., Quisenberry, A. J., Ramey, C. T., & Sheffer, C. E. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.032 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
The Social Psychology of Stress, Health, and Coping
Carr, D., & Umberson, D. (2013) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0_16 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Sun, S., Huang, J. X., Hudson, D., & Sherraden, M. W. (2021) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102442 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
HOGUE, C. J. R., & Silver, R. M. (2011) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2011.02.019 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Lee, D. B., Peckins, M. K., Miller, A. L., Hope, M. O., Neblett, E. W., Assari, S., Muñoz-Velázquez, J., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2018) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2018.1520815 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Mezuk, B. R., Johnson‐Lawrence, V., Lee, H. E., Rafferty, J. A., Abdou, C. M., Uzogara, E. E., & Jackson, J. S. (2013) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029014 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationCould epigenetics help explain racial disparities in chronic pain?
Aroke, E. N., Joseph, P. V., Roy, A., Overstreet, D. S., Tollefsbol, T. O., Vance, D. E., & Goodin, B. R. (2019) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s191848 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Trends in Body Mass Index in Adolescence and Young Adulthood in the United States: 1959–2002
Lee, H. E., Lee, D., Guo, G., & Harris, K. M. (2011) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.04.019 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Keyes, K. M., Barnes, D. M., & Bates, L. M. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.12.005 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Ferdinand, A. S., Paradies, Y., & Kelaher, M. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1661-1 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Mouzon, D. M. (2013) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.10.007 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jackson, J. S., Knight, K. M., & Rafferty, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- ORCID
- Jackson, James S.
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 933-939
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- PMC
- PMC2853611
- OpenAlex
- W1989924524
- Cited by
- 840
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 20.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Michigan
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG020282, P30AG015281)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH067555, U01-MH57716], 1T32 MH67555, 1 P01 MH58565, P01MH058565, U01MH057716)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P60MD002249)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- race, racial disparities, harmful habits, chronic stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, stress buffering, major depressive disorder, chronic disease, life course, African Americans, white, environmental stressors, health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Black or African American, Chronic Disease, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Risk-Taking, Stress, Psychological, United States, Health Behavior, Logistic Models, White People, Health Status Disparities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
