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Cited by 55Child Abuse and TraumaPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

The impact of adverse childhood experiences on adult depression severity and treatment outcomes

Giampetruzzi, Eugenia, Tan, Amanda C., LoPilato, Allison, Kitay, Brandon, Riva Posse, Patricio, McDonald, William M., Hermida, Adriana P., Crowell, Andrea +1 more·2023·Journal of Affective Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.071
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Abstract

Background Past research has established that adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are correlated with depression severity. The purpose of the present study was to examine how the number and nature of ACE exposure is associated with symptomatology and treatment outcomes in adult patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD).Methods Participants include 454 patients with a diagnosis of major depression or persistent depressive disorder. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess whether number of ACEs was associated with certain outcomes. Linear regression analyses were performed to model the associations between the five ACE subtypes (e.g., sexual abuse, physical violence, injury/illness, childhood grief, and parental upheaval) and symptom severity. Logistic regression analyses were then used to model the association between ACE subtypes and history of lifetime suicide attempt(s) and inpatient admission(s).Results Greater ACE exposure was associated with more severe symptomatology and treatment outcomes, but these differences were only seen between patients reporting no ACEs versus 3+ ACEs. Only the subtypes of violence and illness/injury were significant predictors of more severe symptomatology. The ACE subtypes of sexual trauma and violence uniquely predicted a lifetime suicide attempt(s), and only the subtype of sexual trauma predicted lifetime inpatient admission(s).Limitations Limitations of the present study include retrospective adult assessments of childhood trauma, lack of data on ACE severity and timing, and the cross-sectional reporting of multiple study measures.Conclusions Exposure to multiple ACE subtypes, particularly sexual and physical trauma, is associated with depression symptom severity, and history of suicidality, and inpatient admission(s).

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Authors
Giampetruzzi, E., Tan, A. C., LoPilato, A., Kitay, B., Riva Posse, P., McDonald, W. M., Hermida, A. P., Crowell, A., & Hershenberg, R.
Affiliations
Emory University (US)
Corresponding author
Giampetruzzi, Eugenia
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2023-07
Volume
333
Pages
233-239
ISSN
0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.071
OpenAlex
W4366606786
Cited by
55
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 5
FWCI
15.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
adverse childhood experiences, treatment-resistant depression, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, depression severity, child sexual abuse, grief in children, suicide attempts, hospitalization, trauma exposure
MeSH terms
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome

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