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Cited by 638

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Dietary Sources of Energy, Solid Fats, and Added Sugars among Children and Adolescents in the United States

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Reedy, Jill, Krebs-Smith, Susan M.·2010·Journal of the American Dietetic Association
DOI 10.1016/j.jada.2010.07.010
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Abstract

Objective The objective of this research was to identify top dietary sources of energy, solid fats, and added sugars among 2–18 year olds in the United States. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional study, were used to examine food sources (percentage contribution and mean intake with standard errors) of total energy (2005–06) and calories from solid fats and added sugars (2003–04). Differences were investigated by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and family income, and the consumption of empty calories—defined as the sum of calories from solid fats and added sugars—was compared with the corresponding discretionary calorie allowance. Results The top sources of energy for 2–18 year olds were grain desserts (138 kcal/day), pizza (136 kcal), and soda (118 kcal). Sugar-sweetened beverages (soda and fruit drinks combined) provided 173 kcal/day. Major contributors varied by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and income. Nearly 40% of total calories consumed (798 kcal/day of 2027 kcal) by 2–18 year olds were in the form of empty calories (433 kcal from solid fat and 365 kcal from added sugars). Consumption of empty calories far exceeded the corresponding discretionary calorie allowance for all sex-age groups (which range from 8–20%). Half of empty calories came from six foods: soda, fruit drinks, dairy desserts, grain desserts, pizza, and whole milk. Conclusion There is an overlap between the major sources of energy and empty calories: soda, grain desserts, pizza, and whole milk. The landscape of choices available to children and adolescents must change to provide fewer unhealthy foods and more healthy foods with fewer calories. Identifying top sources of energy and empty calories can provide targets for changes in the marketplace and food environment. However, product reformulation alone is not sufficient—the flow of empty calories into the food supply must be reduced.

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Metadata

Authors
Reedy, J., & Krebs-Smith, S. M.
Venue
Journal of the American Dietetic Association
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-10
Volume
110
Issue
10
Pages
1477-1484
ISSN
0002-8223 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jada.2010.07.010
OpenAlex
W2068131535
Cited by
638
References
5
FWCI
46.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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