The DOI matches its Crossref record; 97 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cyberbullying Prevalence Among US Middle and High School–Aged Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment
Open accessAbstract
Purpose Cyberbullying (CB) has established links to physical and mental health problems including depression, suicidality, substance use, and somatic symptoms. Quality reporting of CB prevalence is essential to guide evidence-based policy and prevention priorities. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate study quality and reported prevalence among CB research studies conducted in populations of US adolescents of middle and high school age.Methods Searches of peer-reviewed literature published through June 2015 for "CB" and related terms were conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science. Included manuscripts reported CB prevalence in general populations of US adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 years. Using a review tool based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement, reviewers independently scored study quality on study methods, results reporting, and reported prevalence.Results Search results yielded 1,447 manuscripts; 81 manuscripts representing 58 unique studies were identified as meeting inclusion criteria. Quality scores ranged between 12 and 37 total points of a possible 42 points (mean = 26.7, standard deviation = 4.6). Prevalence rates of CB ranged as follows: Perpetration, 1%-41%; victimization, 3%-72%; and overlapping perpetration and victimization, 2.3%-16.7%.Conclusions Literature on CB in US middle and high school-aged students is robust in quantity but inconsistent in quality and reported prevalence. Consistent definitions and evidence-based measurement tools are needed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These variances were attributed to inconsistent definitions and conceptualizations, timeframes (e.g., past week, month etc.), and measurement tools (44, 47–49, 51).”
From A thematic analysis of adolescents’ perceptions of cyberbullying and cyberaggression: definitional distinctions and educational gaps (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, several reviews have identified substantial issues concerning variations in prevalence rates (44, 45, 47–50).”
From A thematic analysis of adolescents’ perceptions of cyberbullying and cyberaggression: definitional distinctions and educational gaps (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, there is also evidence of cyberbullying being used as an all-encompassing term (42, 44, 60).”
From A thematic analysis of adolescents’ perceptions of cyberbullying and cyberaggression: definitional distinctions and educational gaps (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296 · Cited by 23,020
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010 · Cited by 17,796
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035618 · Cited by 3,266
Tokunaga, R. S. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014 · Cited by 2,566
Bullying, Cyberbullying, and Suicide
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2010) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2010.494133 · Cited by 2,078
School bullying among adolescents in the United States: Physical, verbal, relational, and cyber
Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., & Nansel, T. R. (2009) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.021 · Cited by 2,045
Bullies Move Beyond the Schoolyard: A Preliminary Look at Cyberbullying
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2006) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/1541204006286288 · Cited by 1,701
Bullying Prevalence Across Contexts: A Meta-analysis Measuring Cyber and Traditional Bullying
Modecki, K. L., Minchin, J., Harbaugh, A. G., Guerra, N. G., & Runions, K. C. (2014) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.007 · Cited by 1,659
Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.017 · Cited by 1,580
Extending the school grounds?—Bullying experiences in cyberspace
Juvonen, J., & Gross, E. F. (2008) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00335.x · Cited by 1,408
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–317 of 317
Evgi̇n, D., Kılıç, K. M., & Sümen, A. (2025) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.23389
YAZICIOĞLU, T., & Özer, E. (2025) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2025.2462914 · Cited by 1
Garthe, R. C., Kim, S., Klingenberg, J. B., Zhang, S., Welsh, M., & Jackson, M. S. (2025) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-2022-0108
1. O campo de estudo e práticas sistêmicas
Carvalho, L. C. D. S., & Carvalho, M. S. (2025) · Editora FIOCRUZ eBooks · doi:10.7476/9786557082317.0002
Cyberbullying as a social problem among teenagers in Kazakhstan
Sarybay, M. A., & Kuttybay, Z. S. (2025) · Qainar Journal of Social Science · doi:10.58732/2958-7212-2024-4-46-63
Digital Distress: Exploring the Link Between Cyberbullying and Mental Health
Tongya, A., Singh, A. K., Tiwari, A., & Gupta, P. (2025) · International Journal of Advancement and Innovation in Technology and Research · doi:10.63844/ijaitr.v2.i1.2025.1-9
Lee, Y.-E., Lee, K., Dancik, G. M., & Park, E. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.100967
Victimized Online: Impact on Teachers’ Work Stress, Job Inefficacy, and Turnover Intentions
Moon, B., Saw, G. K., McCluskey, J. D., & Vasquez, H. (2026) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2026.2640132
Huang, B., Long, Q., Yu, J., Qiu, J., Huang, Y., Wu, J., & Huang, G. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345717
Anteneh, D. Y., Mishna, F., & Gebreselassie, M. L. (2026) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287261434536
High School Victimization Trends by Racial and Sexual Identity: Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2015–2023
Stilwell, S. M., Scott, B. A., & Morman, K. M. (2026) · International journal of LGBTQ+ youth studies. · doi:10.1080/29968992.2026.2663165
Eyadat, A. M., Albdour, M. M., Abusbaitan, H. A., Thongpriwan, V., Cho, Y. I., Mobarki, A., & Gwon, J. (2026) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/92120
Mutafcı, E., & Akpolat, Y. (2026) · Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.31795/baunsobed.1855751
Cyberbullying, Social Media, and Mental Health in Gen Z
Casella, J. N., & Harrison, D. S. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-8387-3.ch008
Gorla, L., Rothenberg, W. A., Lansford, J. E., Ghazanfar, A., He, E., Alban, C., & Aref, A. (2026) · Marriage & Family Review · doi:10.1080/01494929.2026.2687017
Kim, S., Ahn, S. K., Lee, J. M., Cronley, C. C., Cerel, J., & Chung, I. (2026) · Adolescents · doi:10.3390/adolescents6050072
Impacto Diferencial de las Violencias en Presencia de Trauma Psicológico en Jóvenes
Torres, S. J. R., & Peña, G. M. G. (2026) · PSICUMEX · doi:10.36793/psicumex.v16i1.754
Metadata
- Authors
- Selkie, E. M., Fales, J. L., & Moreno, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Seattle Children's Hospital (US)
- Washington State University Vancouver (US)
- Corresponding author
- Selkie, Ellen M.
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescent Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 125-133
- ISSN
- 1054-139X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4724486
- OpenAlex
- W2264177151
- Cited by
- 318
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 13
- FWCI
- 4.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescent Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2t32mh020021-26)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T-32MH020021, 2T32MH020021-16)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, prevalence, adolescents, junior high school students, high school students, cyberbullying perpetration, cyber victimization, study quality, reporting quality
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Students, United States, Prevalence, Crime Victims, Internet, Bullying, Observational Studies as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
