A scoping review on studies of cyberbullying prevalence among adolescents
Open accessAbstract
This descriptive scoping aims to understand how the prevalence of cyberbullying has been estimated across studies. A systematic scoping review of cyberbullying empirical studies was conducted by using three bibliographic databases to search for papers published between January 2004 and August 2014. A protocol was defined to identify the relevant papers. Papers selected were included in a data sheet developed by the authors to record specific findings. In total, 159 studies were included in the scoping review. Most of the prevalence studies were conducted in the last 4 years, mainly in North America ( n = 77) and in Europe ( n = 65). High methodological heterogeneity was found among the studies, which may contribute to explain variability in prevalence estimates. Cyberbullying experiences were assessed through several different perspectives: focused only on victims, focused only on perpetrators, or focused on both victims and perpetrators (without differentiating between if they are victims or perpetrators). Most of the studies tend to assess cybervictimization experiences. However, even considering the same perspective, the same country, and the same recall period, a high variability in the estimates was observed. As a main conclusion, the way in which the prevalence of cyberbullying is estimated is influenced by methodological research options.
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In research published worldwide, cyberbullying perpetration ranged from 1.9% to 79.3% and victimization between 1.6% and 56.9% over a 6-month period.
“In research published worldwide, cyberbullying perpetration ranged from 1.9% to 79.3% and victimization between 1.6% and 56.9% over a 6-month period (48).”
From A thematic analysis of adolescents’ perceptions of cyberbullying and cyberaggression: definitional distinctions and educational gaps (2026) · cites this paper as [48]
These variances were attributed to inconsistent definitions and conceptualizations, timeframes, and measurement tools.
“These variances were attributed to inconsistent definitions and conceptualizations, timeframes (e.g., past week, month etc.), and measurement tools (44, 47–49, 51).”
From A thematic analysis of adolescents’ perceptions of cyberbullying and cyberaggression: definitional distinctions and educational gaps (2026) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Brochado, S., Soares, S., & Fraga, S.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Fraga, Sílvia
- Venue
- Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-04-05
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 523-531
- ISSN
- 1524-8380 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8324
- OpenAlex
- W2335606488
- Cited by
- 307
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Trauma Violence & Abuse (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (COMPETE, PTDC/SAU-SAP/122904/2010, FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, prevalence estimation, adolescents, cyber victimization, cyberbullying perpetrators, methodological heterogeneity
- MeSH terms
- Cyberbullying, Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Crime Victims
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