The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stroke and dementia risk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Stroke is an established risk factor for all‐cause dementia, though meta‐analyses are needed to quantify this risk. Methods: We searched Medline, PsycINFO, and Embase for studies assessing prevalent or incident stroke versus a no‐stroke comparison group and the risk of all‐cause dementia. Random effects meta‐analysis was used to pool adjusted estimates across studies, and meta‐regression was used to investigate potential effect modifiers. Results: We identified 36 studies of prevalent stroke (1.9 million participants) and 12 studies of incident stroke (1.3 million participants). For prevalent stroke, the pooled hazard ratio for all‐cause dementia was 1.69 (95% confidence interval: 1.49–1.92; P < .00001; I 2 = 87%). For incident stroke, the pooled risk ratio was 2.18 (95% confidence interval: 1.90–2.50; P < .00001; I 2 = 88%). Study characteristics did not modify these associations, with the exception of sex which explained 50.2% of between‐study heterogeneity for prevalent stroke. Discussion: Stroke is a strong, independent, and potentially modifiable risk factor for all‐cause dementia.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Ischemic stroke is a strong risk factor in the development of dementia (Kuzma et al., 2018), due to lesions to cortical and subcortical areas that mediate executive functions (Kalaria et al., 2016).”
From Remembering what did not happen: the role of hypnosis in memory recall and false memories formation (2025) · cites this paper as Kuzma et al., 2018
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“One of the clearest examples of this relationship is how stroke -a cerebrovascular event that occurs when a blood vessel is blocked or bursts -markedly increases dementia risk.103”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [103]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“One of the clearest examples of this relationship is how stroke, which occurs when a blood vessel in the brain is blocked or bursts, markedly increases dementia risk.”
From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [113]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
Tarsilla, M. (2010) · Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation · doi:10.56645/jmde.v6i14.284 · Cited by 5,231
Interpretation of random effects meta-analyses
Riley, R. D., Higgins, J. P. T., & Deeks, J. J. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d549 · Cited by 2,884
Chapter 9: Analysing Data and Undertaking Meta-Analyses
Deeks, J. J., Higgins, J. P. T., & Altman, D. G. (2008) · Cited by 2,782
Thomas, B. H., Ciliska, D., Dobbins, M., & Micucci, S. (2004) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1524-475x.2004.04006.x · Cited by 2,118
Pendlebury, S. T., & Rothwell, P. M. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70236-4 · Cited by 1,853
Analysing Data and Undertaking Meta‐Analyses
Deeks, J. J., Higgins, J. P., & Altman, D. G. (2008) · Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions · doi:10.1002/9780470712184.ch9 · Cited by 1,800
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
(2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_5484 · Cited by 742
Stroke injury, cognitive impairment and vascular dementia
Kalaria, R. N., Akinyemi, R., & Ihara, M. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.015 · Cited by 647
Li, N.-C., Lee, A., Whitmer, R. A., Kivipelto, M., Lawler, E., Kazis, L. E., & Wolozin, B. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b5465 · Cited by 486
Dementia after ischemic stroke: A population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota (1960-1984)
Kokmen, E., Whisnant, J. P., O'Fallon, W. M., Chu, C.-P., & Beard, C. M. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.46.1.154 · Cited by 434
Social Network, Cognitive Function, and Dementia Incidence Among Elderly Women
Crooks, V. C., Lubben, J., Petitti, D. B., Little, D., & Chiu, V. (2008) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.115923 · Cited by 390
Dementia After Stroke: The Framingham Study
Ivan, C. S., Seshadri, S., Beiser, A., Au, R., Kase, C. S., Kelly-Hayes, M., & Wolf, P. A. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000127810.92616.78 · Cited by 369
Stroke and the Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Honig, L. S., Tang, M., Albert, S. M., Costa, R., Luchsinger, J. A., Manly, J. J., Stern, Y., & Mayeux, R. P. (2003) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.60.12.1707 · Cited by 344
Risk Factors for Dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study
Kuller, L. H., López, O. L., Newman, A. B., Beauchamp, N. J., Burke, G. L., Dulberg, C. S., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Fried, L. P., & Haan, M. N. (2003) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000067109 · Cited by 296
Bellou, V., Belbasis, L., Tzoulaki, I., Middleton, L. T., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Εvangelou, Ε. (2016) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.07.152 · Cited by 296
Vascular Risk Factors for Incident Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia: The Cache County Study
Hayden, K. M., Zandi, P. P., Lyketsos, C. G., Khachaturian, A. S., Bastian, L. A., Charoonruk, G., Tschanz, J. T., Norton, M. C., Pieper, C. F., Munger, R. G., et al. (2006) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/01.wad.0000213814.43047.86 · Cited by 293
Memory impairment, but not cerebrovascular disease, predicts progression of MCI to dementia
DeCarli, C. S., Mungas, D., Harvey, D., Reed, B., Weiner, M. W., Chui, H. C., & Jagust, W. J. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000130531.90205.ef · Cited by 276
de Bruijn, R. F. A. G., Bos, M. J., Portegies, M. L. P., Albert Hofman, D., Franco, O. H., Koudstaal, P. J., & Ikram, M. A. (2015) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0377-5 · Cited by 274
Makin, S., Turpin, S., Dennis, M. S., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2013) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-303645 · Cited by 268
Incidence of Dementia After Ischemic Stroke
Desmond, D. W., Moroney, J. T., Sano, M. C., & Stern, Y. (2002) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000028235.91778.95 · Cited by 265
Epidemiological Studies of the Effect of Stroke on Incident Dementia: A Systematic Review
Savva, G. M., Stephan, B. C. M., & the Alzheimer’s Society Vascular Dementia Systematic Review Group (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.559880 · Cited by 257
Rouch, L., Cestac, P., Hanon, O., Cool, C., Helmer, C., Bouhanick, B., Chamontin, B., Dartigues, J.-F., Vellas, B. J., & Andrieu, S. (2015) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-015-0230-6 · Cited by 244
Overweight in midlife and risk of dementia: a 40-year follow-up study
Hassing, L. B., Dahl, A. K., Thorvaldsson, V, Berg, S., Gatz, M., Pedersen, N. L., & Johansson, B. (2009) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.104 · Cited by 197
Association between Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Zhou, J., Yu, J., Wang, H.-F., Meng, X., Tan, C., Wang, J., Wang, C., & Tan, L. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-140666 · Cited by 188
Cerebrovascular lesions induce transient -amyloid deposition
Garcia-Alloza, M., Gregory, J., Kuchibhotla, K. V., Fine, S., Wei, Y., Ayata, C., Frosch, M. P., Greenberg, S. M., & Bacskai, B. J. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr300 · Cited by 187
Development and validation of a brief dementia screening indicator for primary care
Barnes, D. E., Beiser, A., Lee, A., Langa, K. M., Koyama, A. K., Preis, S. R., Neuhaus, J. M., McCammon, R. J., Yaffe, K. S., Seshadri, S. S., et al. (2014) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.11.006 · Cited by 168
Long-Term Risk of Dementia Among Survivors of Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Stroke
Corraini, P., Henderson, V. W., Ording, A. G., Pedersen, L. H., Horváth–Puhó, E., & Sørensen, H. T. (2016) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.116.015242 · Cited by 164
Vascular Risks and Incident Dementia: Results from a Cohort Study of the Very Old
Brayne, C., Gill, C., Huppert, F. A., Barkley, C., Gehlhaar, E., Girling, D. M., O’Connor, D., & Paykel, E. S. (1998) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000017043 · Cited by 159
Vascular Dementia Prevention: A Risk Factor Analysis
Román, G. C. (2005) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000089361 · Cited by 150
The reciprocal risks of stroke and cognitive impairment in an elderly population
Jin, Y., Legge, S. D., Østbye, T., Feightner, J., & Hachinski, V. (2006) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2006.03.006 · Cited by 146
Lifestyle factors and risk of dementia: Dubbo Study of the elderly
Simons, L. A., Simons, J., McCallum, J. C., & Friedlander, Y. (2006) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00120.x · Cited by 145
Walters, K., Hardoon, S., Petersen, I., Iliffe, S., Omar, R. Z., Nazareth, I., & Rait, G. (2016) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0549-y · Cited by 144
A three‐year follow‐up study of age‐related dementia in an urban area of Beijing
Li, G., Shen, Y., Chen, C. H., Zhau, Y. W., Li, S. R., & Lü, M. (1991) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb07373.x · Cited by 143
Yip, A. G., Brayne, C., & Matthews, F. E. (2006) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afj030 · Cited by 141
Srikanth, V. K., Quinn, S. J., Donnan, G. A., Saling, M. M., & Thrift, A. G. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000239666.46828.d7 · Cited by 133
Dementia in subjects with atrial fibrillation: hemostatic function and the role of anticoagulation
Barber, M., Tait, R. C., Scott, J. R., Rumley, A., Lowe, G. D. O., & Stott, D. J. (2004) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00993.x · Cited by 123
Incident Dementia in a Defined Older Chinese Population
Chen, R., Hu, Z., Wei, L., Ma, Y., Liu, Z., & Copeland, J. R. M. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024817 · Cited by 120
Prestroke Cognitive Performance, Incident Stroke, and Risk of Dementia
Reitz, C., Bos, M. J., Albert Hofman, D., Koudstaal, P. J., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.490334 · Cited by 108
Risk Factors in Late Adolescence for Young-Onset Dementia in Men
Nordström, P., Nordström, A., Eriksson, M., Wahlund, L., & Gustafson, Y. (2013) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.9079 · Cited by 98
Effect of a clinical stroke on the risk of dementia in a prospective cohort
Gamaldo, A. A., Moghekar, A., Kilada, S., Resnick, S. M., Zonderman, A. B., & O’Brien, R. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000240285.89067.3f · Cited by 94
Prevalence of Early Dementia After First-Ever Stroke
Béjot, Y., Aboa-Éboulé, C., Durier, J., Rouaud, O., Jacquin, A., Ponavoy, E., Richard, D., Moreau, T., & Giroud, M. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.595553 · Cited by 91
Neuroimaging in vascular cognitive impairment: a state-of-the-art review
Heiss, W., Rosenberg, G. A., Thiel, A., Berlot, R., & Reuck, J. D. (2016) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0725-0 · Cited by 86
Whitehead, S. N., Cheng, G., Hachinski, V., & Cechetto, D. F. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.492660 · Cited by 84
Incidence of Dementia in Relation to Stroke and the Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele in the Very Old
Zhu, L., Fratiglioni, L., Guo, Z., Basun, H., Corder, E. H., Winblad, B. G., & Viitanen, M. H. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.1.53 · Cited by 81
Vascular risk factors and dementia in the general population aged >85 years
Rastas, S., Pirttilä, T., Mattila, K. J., Verkkoniemi, A., Juva, K., Niinistö, L., Länsimies, E., & Sulkava, R. O. (2008) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.02.020 · Cited by 76
Qiu, C., Xu, W., Winblad, B. G., & Fratiglioni, L. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-1361 · Cited by 75
Stewart, R. J., Stenman, U., Hakeberg, M., Hägglin, C., Gustafson, D., & Skoog, I. G. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13194 · Cited by 74
Martin Liebetrau, A., Steen, B. C., & Skoog, I. G. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000094420.80781.a9 · Cited by 72
Does B lymphocyte-mediated autoimmunity contribute to post-stroke dementia?
Doyle, K. P., & Buckwalter, M. S. (2016) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.08.009 · Cited by 71
Progressive dementia after first-ever stroke
Srikanth, V. K., Anderson, J. F. I., Donnan, G. A., Saling, M. M., Didus, E., Alpitsis, R., Dewey, H. M., Macdonell, R. A. L., & Thrift, A. G. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000137042.01774.33 · Cited by 68
Pinkston, J. B., Alekseeva, N., & Toledo, E. G. (2009) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/016164109x12445505689643 · Cited by 66
Wang, T.-Y., Wei, H.-T., Liou, Y.-J., Su, T.-P., Bai, Y.-M., Tsai, S.-J., Yang, A. C., Chen, T.-J., Tsai, C.-F., & Chen, M.-H. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.013 · Cited by 65
Peters, R. K., Poulter, R., Beckett, N. S., Forette, F., Fagard, R. H., Potter, J. F., Swift, C. G., Anderson, C. S., FLETCHER, A. E., & Bulpitt, C. J. (2009) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32832f4f02 · Cited by 64
Progressive dementia after first-ever stroke: A community-based follow-up study
Rabadi, M. H. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.64.5.932-a · Cited by 64
Statin Use, Incident Dementia and Alzheimer Disease in Elderly African Americans
Hendrie, H. C., Hake, A. M., Lane, K. A., Purnell, C. E., Unverzagt, F. W., Smith‐Gamble, V., Murrell, J. R., Ogunniyi, A. O., Baiyewu, M., Callahan, C., et al. (2015) · Ethnicity & Disease · doi:10.18865/ed.25.3.345 · Cited by 57
ACTIVE cognitive training and rates of incident dementia
Unverzagt, F. W., Guey, L. T., Jones, R. N., Marsiske, M., King, J. W., Wadley, V. G., Crowe, M., Rebok, G. W., & Tennstedt, S. L. (2012) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617711001470 · Cited by 56
Bunch, T. J., May, H. T., Bair, T. L., Crandall, B. G., Cutler, M. J., Day, J. D., Jacobs, V., Mallender, C. D., Osborn, J. S., Stevens, S. M., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.003932 · Cited by 54
Bruce, D. G., Davis, W. A., STARKSTEIN, S. E., & Davis, T. M. E. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-132654 · Cited by 49
Hypertension and incident dementia in community-dwelling elderly Yoruba Nigerians
Ogunniyi, A. O., Lane, K. A., Baiyewu, O., Gao, S., Gureje, O., Unverzagt, F. W., Murrell, J. R., Smith‐Gamble, V., Hall, K. S., & Hendrie, H. C. (2011) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01491.x · Cited by 46
Rates and risk factors for progression to incident dementia vary by age in a population cohort
Ganguli, M., Lee, C., Snitz, B. E., Hughes, T. F., McDade, E., & Chang, C. H. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001113 · Cited by 46
Joint effect of stroke and APOE 4 on dementia risk
Jin, Y.-P., Østbye, T., Feightner, J., Legge, S. D., & Hachinski, V. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000284609.77385.03 · Cited by 46
Does Vascular Burden Contribute to the Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia?
Clerici, F., Caracciolo, B., Cova, I., Imperatori, S. F., Maggiore, L., Galimberti, D., Scarpini, E. A., Mariani, C. B., & Fratiglioni, L. (2012) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000343776 · Cited by 45
Tsai, H.-H. C., Yen, R., Lin, C., & Kao, C. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171671 · Cited by 45
Mehta, H. B., Mehta, V., Tsai, C., Chen, H., Aparasu, R. R., & Johnson, M. L. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150466 · Cited by 43
Late-Life Risk Factors for All-Cause Dementia and Differential Dementia Diagnoses in Women
Neergaard, J. S., Dragsbæk, K., Hansen, H. B., Henriksen, K., Christiansen, C., & Karsdal, M. A. (2016) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000003112 · Cited by 41
Mirza, S. S., Portegies, M. L. P., Wolters, F. J., Albert Hofman, D., Koudstaal, P. J., Tiemeier, H. W., & Ikram, M. A. (2016) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000443649 · Cited by 40
C-Reactive Protein Predicts Incidence of Dementia in an Elderly Asian Community Cohort
Hsu, P., Pan, W., Yip, B., Chen, R. C.-Y., Cheng, H., & Chuang, S. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.12.006 · Cited by 38
Kim, J.-H., & Lee, Y. (2017) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-017-0914-3 · Cited by 31
Risk of Alzheimer's disease incidence attributable to vascular disease in the population
Dodge, H. H., Chang, C. H., Kamboh, M. I., & Ganguli, M. (2011) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2010.12.004 · Cited by 28
Incidence of dementia: evidence for an effect modification by gender. The ILSA Study
Noale, M., Limongi, F., Zambon, S., Crepaldi, G., & Maggi, S. (2013) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610213001300 · Cited by 27
Yamada, M., Mimori, Y., Kasagi, F., Miyachi, T., Ohshita, T., & Sasaki, H. (2009) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009.02.338 · Cited by 24
Dementia Risk and Protective Factors Differ in the Context of Memory Trajectory Groups
Zahodne, L. B., Schupf, N., Brickman, A. M., Mayeux, R. P., Wall, M. M., Stern, Y., & Manly, J. J. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-151114 · Cited by 22
Hobson, P., & Meara, J. (2010) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.07.006 · Cited by 21
Downer, B. G., Kumar, A., Veeranki, S. P., Mehta, H. B., Raji, M. A., & Markides, K. S. (2016) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14531 · Cited by 20
Dregan, A., Wolfe, C. D. A., & Gulliford, M. C. (2013) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.113.002990 · Cited by 19
Elliott, W. J. (2011) · Yearbook of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ycar.2011.01.013 · Cited by 13
Aguilar-Navarro, S. G., Mimenza-Alvarado, A. J., Ávila‐Funes, J. A., Juárez‐Cedillo, T., Bernal‐López, C., & Hernández‐Favela, C. G. (2017) · Revista de investigaci�n Cl�nica · doi:10.24875/ric.17002064 · Cited by 9
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), 2009, Systematic Reviews: CRD's Guidance for Undertaking Reviews in Health Care. Centre for Reviews and Dissemination
- Cochrane T., 2008, Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3
- American Psychiatric Association, 1987, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM‐III‐R)
- World Health Organization, 1992, The ICD‐10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13016 · Cited by 3,212
2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2024) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13809 · Cited by 2,536
Immune responses to stroke: mechanisms, modulation, and therapeutic potential.
Iadecola, C., Buckwalter, M. S., & Anrather, J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci135530 · Cited by 853
2025 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70235 · Cited by 602
Epidemiology of Vascular Dementia
Wolters, F. J., & Ikram, M. A. (2019) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.119.311908 · Cited by 442
Metadata
- Authors
- Kuźma, E., Lourida, I., Moore, S. F., Levine, D. A., Ukoumunne, O. C., & Llewellyn, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Exeter (GB)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Llewellyn, David J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-08-31
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1416-1426
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- PMC
- PMC6231970
- OpenAlex
- W2889368357
- Cited by
- 376
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 4.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- Mary Kinross Charitable Trust
- Halpin Trust
- National Institute for Health Research
- National Institute on Aging
- NIA)/National Institutes of Health
- NIH (R01 AG051827)
- NINDS (R01 NS102715)
- NIA
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- stroke, dementia risk
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Cognition, Dementia, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Vascular Diseases, Cohort Studies, Prevalence, Cognitive Dysfunction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
