Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 552

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Understanding the Physics of Functional Fibers in the Gastrointestinal Tract: An Evidence-Based Approach to Resolving Enduring Misconceptions about Insoluble and Soluble Fiber

Open access
McRorie, Johnson W., McKeown, Nicola M.·2017·Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
DOI 10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.021
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Enduring misconceptions about the physical effects of fiber in the gut have led to misunderstandings about the health benefits attributable to insoluble and soluble fiber. This review will focus on isolated functional fibers (eg, fiber supplements) whose effects on clinical outcomes have been readily assessed in well-controlled clinical studies. This review will also focus on three health benefits (cholesterol lowering, improved glycemic control, and normalizing stool form [constipation and diarrhea]) for which reproducible evidence of clinical efficacy has been published. In the small bowel, clinically meaningful health benefits (eg, cholesterol lowering and improved glycemic control) are highly correlated with the viscosity of soluble fibers: high viscosity fibers (eg, gel-forming fibers such as b-glucan, psyllium, and raw guar gum) exhibit a significant effect on cholesterol lowering and improved glycemic control, whereas nonviscous soluble fibers (eg, inulin, fructooligosaccharides, and wheat dextrin) and insoluble fibers (eg, wheat bran) do not provide these viscosity-dependent health benefits. In the large bowel, there are only two mechanisms that drive a laxative effect: large/coarse insoluble fiber particles (eg, wheat bran) mechanically irritate the gut mucosa stimulating water and mucous secretion, and the high water-holding capacity of gel-forming soluble fiber (eg, psyllium) resists dehydration. Both mechanisms require that the fiber resist fermentation and remain relatively intact throughout the large bowel (ie, the fiber must be present in stool), and both mechanisms lead to increased stool water content, resulting in bulky/soft/easy-to-pass stools. Soluble fermentable fibers (eg, inulin, fructooligosaccharide, and wheat dextrin) do not provide a laxative effect, and some fibers can be constipating (eg, wheat dextrin and fine/smooth insoluble wheat bran particles). When making recommendations for a fiber supplement, it is essential to recognize which fibers possess the physical characteristics required to provide a beneficial health effect, and which fiber supplements are supported by reproducible, rigorous evidence of one or more clinically meaningful health benefits.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.021

Cites

10 of 10 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 10 references

Research works printed but not linked: 111

  1. Franco-Robles, 2015, Implication of fructans in health: Immunomodulatory and antioxidant mechanisms, Scientific World J, 2015, 289267, 10.1155/2015/289267 · DOI
  2. Seal, 2016, Whole-grain dietary recommendations: The need for a unified global approach, Br J Nutr, 115, 2031, 10.1017/S0007114516001161 · DOI
  3. Dehghan, 2016, Impact of prebiotic supplementation on T-cell subsets and their related cytokines, anthropometric features and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized placebo-controlled trial, Complement Ther Med, 24, 96, 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.12.010 · DOI
  4. McRorie, 2015, Chapter 8: Fiber supplements and clinically meaningful health benefits: Identifying the physiochemical characteristics of fiber that drive specific physiologic effects
  5. Pereira, 2002, Effects of consumption of probiotics and prebiotics on serum lipid levels in humans, Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, 37, 259, 10.1080/10409230290771519 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Jackson, 1999, The effect of the daily intake of inulin on fasting lipid, insulin and glucose concentrations in middle-aged men and women, Br J Nutr, 82, 23, 10.1017/S0007114599001087 · DOI
  7. Pedersen, 1997, The effect of ingestion of inulin on blood lipids and gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy females, Br J Nutr, 78, 215, 10.1079/BJN19970141 · DOI
  8. Luo, 1996, Chronic consumption of short-chain fructooligosaccharides by healthy subjects decreased basal hepatic glucose production but had no effect on insulin-stimulated glucose, Am J Clin Nutr, 63, 939, 10.1093/ajcn/63.6.939 · DOI
  9. Causey, 2000, Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids, blood glucose and the gastrointestinal environment in hypercholesterolemic men, Nutr Res, 20, 191, 10.1016/S0271-5317(99)00152-9 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Giaccoa, 2004, Effects of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides on glucose and lipid metabolism in mild hypercholesterolaemic individuals, Clin Nutr, 23, 331, 10.1016/j.clnu.2003.07.010 · DOI
  11. Alles, 1999, Consumption of fructooligosaccharides does not favorably affect blood glucose and serum lipid concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes, Am J Clin Nutr, 69, 64, 10.1093/ajcn/69.1.64 · DOI
  12. Letexier, 2003, Addition of inulin to a moderately high-carbohydrate diet reduces hepatic lipogenesis and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in humans, Am J Clin Nutr, 77, 559, 10.1093/ajcn/77.3.559 · DOI
  13. Luo, 2000, Chronic consumption of short-chain fructooligosaccharides does not affect basal hepatic glucose production or insulin resistance in type 2 diabetics, J Nutr, 130, 1572
  14. Forcherona, 2007, Long-term administration of inulin-type fructans has no significant lipid-lowering effect in normolipidemic humans, Metabolism, 56, 1093, 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.03.019 · DOI
  15. de Luis, 2013, Double blind randomized clinical trial controlled by placebo with a FOS enriched cookie on satiety and cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients, Nutr Hosp, 28, 78
  16. Dewulf, 2013, Insight into the prebiotic concept: Lessons from an exploratory, double blind intervention study with inulin-type fructans in obese women, Gut, 62, 1112, 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303304 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Parnell, 2009, Weight loss during oligofructose supplementation is associated with decreased ghrelin and increased peptide YY in overweight and obese adults, J Clin Nutr, 89, 1751
  18. Tovar, 2012, The inclusion of a partial meal replacement with or without inulin to a calorie restricted diet contributes to reach recommended intakes of micronutrients and decrease plasma triglycerides: A randomized clinical trial in obese Mexican women, Nutr J, 11, 44, 10.1186/1475-2891-11-44 · DOI
  19. Davidson, 1999, Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids, J Nutr, 129, 1474S
  20. Russo, 2008, Inulin-enriched pasta affects lipid profile and Lp(a) concentrations in Italian young healthy male volunteers, Eur J Nutr, 47, 453, 10.1007/s00394-008-0748-1 · DOI
  21. Daubioul, 2005, Effects of oligofructose on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Results of a pilot study, Eur J Clin Nutr, 59, 723, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602127 · DOI
  22. Wolever, 2010, Physicochemical properties of oat β-glucan influence its ability to reduce serum LDL cholesterol in humans: A randomized clinical trial, Am J Clin Nutr, 92, 723, 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29174 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Kerkhoffs, 2003, Cholesterol-lowering effect of β-glucan from oat bran in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects may decrease when β-glucan is incorporated into bread and cookies, Am J Clin Nutr, 78, 221, 10.1093/ajcn/78.2.221 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Haskell, 1992, Role of water-soluble dietary fiber in the management of elevated plasma cholesterol in healthy subjects, Am J Cardiol, 69, 433, 10.1016/0002-9149(92)90980-D · DOI
  25. Kim, 2013, Effect of onion peel extract supplementation on the lipid profile and antioxidative status of healthy young women: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial, Nutr Res Pract, 7, 373, 10.4162/nrp.2013.7.5.373 · DOI
  26. Vuksan, 2011, Viscosity rather than quantity of dietary fibre predicts cholesterol-lowering effect in healthy individuals, Br J Nutr, 106, 1349, 10.1017/S0007114511001711 · DOI
  27. McRorie, 2015, Evidence-based approach to fiber supplements and clinically meaningful health benefits, part 1: What to look for and how to recommend an effective fiber therapy, Nutr Today, 50, 82, 10.1097/NT.0000000000000082 · DOI
  28. Ribas, 2015, Effects of psyllium on LDL-cholesterol concentrations in Brazilian children and adolescents: A randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial, Br J Nutr, 113, 134, 10.1017/S0007114514003419 · DOI
  29. Anderson, 1991, Hypocholesterolemic effects of different bulk-forming hydrophilic fibers as a adjuncts to dietary therapy in mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia, Arch Intern Med, 151, 1597, 10.1001/archinte.1991.00400080089017 · DOI
  30. Anderson, 1998, Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid for hypercholetserolemic men, Arch Intern Med, 148, 292, 10.1001/archinte.1988.00380020036007 · DOI
  31. Gupta, 1994, Lipid-lowering efficacy of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia, Indian J Med Res, 100, 237
  32. Cicero, 2010, Psyllium improves dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension, while guar gum reduces body weight more rapidly in patients affected by metabolic syndrome following an AHA Step 2 diet, Mediterr J Nutr Metab, 3, 47, 10.1007/s12349-009-0056-1 · DOI
  33. Rodriguez-Moran, 1998, Lipid- and glucose-lowering efficacy of plantago psyllium in type II diabetes, J Diabetes Complicat, 12, 273, 10.1016/S1056-8727(98)00003-8 · DOI
  34. Anderson, 1999, Effects of psyllium on glucose and serum lipid responses in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, Am J Clin Nutr, 70, 466, 10.1093/ajcn/70.4.466 · DOI
  35. Jenkins, 1997, Effect of psyllium in hypercholesterolemia at two monounsaturated fatty acid intakes, Am J Clin Nutr, 65, 1524, 10.1093/ajcn/65.5.1524 · DOI
  36. Everson, 1992, Effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid on LDL-cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in hypercholesterolemic men, J Lipid Res, 33, 1183, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)40770-9 · DOI
  37. Levin, 1990, Comparison of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid and cellulose as adjuncts to a prudent diet in the treatment of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia, Arch Intern Med, 150, 1822, 10.1001/archinte.1990.00390200036007 · DOI
  38. Stoy, 1993, Cholesterol-lowering effects of ready-to-eat cereal containing psyllium, J Am Diet Assoc, 93, 910, 10.1016/0002-8223(93)91533-V · DOI
  39. Sprecher, 1993, Efficacy of psyllium in reducing serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients on high- and low-fat diets, Ann Intern Med, 119, 545, 10.7326/0003-4819-119-7_Part_1-199310010-00001 · DOI
  40. Summerbell, 1994, The effects of psyllium on blood lipids in hypercholesterolaemic subjects, J Hum Nutr Diet, 7, 147, 10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00423.x · DOI
  41. Bell, 1989, Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid: Adjunct therapy to a prudent diet for patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia, JAMA, 261, 3419, 10.1001/jama.1989.03420230073029 · DOI
  42. Bell, 1990, Cholesterol-lowering effects of soluble-fiber cereals as part of a prudent diet for patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia, Am J Clin Nutr, 52, 1020, 10.1093/ajcn/52.6.1020 · DOI
  43. Weingand, 1997, Effects of psyllium on cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, Endocrinol Metab, 4, 141
  44. de Bock, 2012, Psyllium supplementation in adolescents improves fat distribution and lipid profile: A randomized, participant-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, PLoS ONE, 7, e41735, 10.1371/journal.pone.0041735 · DOI
  45. Romero, 1998, Cookies enriched with psyllium or oat bran lower plasma LDL cholesterol in normal and hypercholesterolemic men from Northern Mexico, J Am Coll Nutr, 17, 601, 10.1080/07315724.1998.10718809 · DOI
  46. Shrestha, 2007, A combination of psyllium and plant sterols alters lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic subjects by modifying the intravascular processing of lipoproteins and increasing LDL uptake, J Nutr, 137, 1165
  47. Shrestha, 2006, A combination therapy including psyllium and plant sterols lowers LDL cholesterol by modifying lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic individuals, J Nutr, 136, 2492
  48. Neal, 1990, Synergistic effects of psyllium in the dietary treatment of hypercholesterolemia, South Med J, 83, 1131, 10.1097/00007611-199010000-00005 · DOI
  49. Maciejko, 1994, Psyllium for the reduction of cholestyramine-associated gastrointestinal symptoms in the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia, Arch Fam Med, 3, 955, 10.1001/archfami.3.11.955 · DOI
  50. Spence, 1995, Combination therapy with colestipol and psyllium mucilloid in patients with hyperlipidemia, Ann Intern Med, 123, 493, 10.7326/0003-4819-123-7-199510010-00003 · DOI
  51. Agrawal, 2007, Effect of combining viscous fibre with lovastatin on serum lipids in normal human subjects, Int J Clin Pract, 61, 1812, 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01512.x · DOI · Paper page
  52. Jayaram, 2007, Randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of isapgol plus atorvastatin versus atorvastatin alone in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia, J Indian Med Assoc, 105, 142
  53. Jenkins, 1978, Dietary fibres, fibre analogues, and glucose tolerance: Importance of viscosity, BMJ, 1, 1392, 10.1136/bmj.1.6124.1392 · DOI · Paper page
  54. Ziai, 2005, Psyllium decreased serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin significantly in diabetic outpatients, J Ethnopharmacol, 102, 202, 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.042 · DOI
  55. Feinglos, 2013, Psyllium improves glycemic control in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, Bio Carb Dietary Fibre, 1, 156, 10.1016/j.bcdf.2013.02.003 · DOI
  56. Dall'Alba, 2013, Improvement of the metabolic syndrome profile by soluble fibre—guar gum—in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised clinical trial, Br J Nutr, 110, 1601, 10.1017/S0007114513001025 · DOI
  57. Kawasaki, 2008, Effect of gelatinization on gastric emptying and absorption, Hepatogastroenterol, 55, 1843
  58. Gibb, 2015, Psyllium fiber improves glycemic control proportional to loss of glycemic control: A meta-analysis of data in euglycemic subjects, patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients being treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus, Am J Clin Nutr, 102, 1604, 10.3945/ajcn.115.106989 · DOI · Paper page
  59. McRorie, 1998, Effects of fiber laxatives and calcium docusate on regional water content and viscosity of digesta in the large intestine of the pig, Dig Dis Sci, 43, 738, 10.1023/A:1018805812321 · DOI
  60. McRorie, 1998, Psyllium is superior to docusate sodium for treatment of chronic constipation, Aliment Pharm Ther, 12, 491, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1998.00336.x · DOI
  61. McRorie, 2000, Effects of Olestra and sorbitol consumption on objective measures of diarrhea: Impact of stool viscosity on common gastrointestinal symptoms, Reg Tox Pharm, 31, 59, 10.1006/rtph.1999.1368 · DOI
  62. Slavin, 2011, Chicory inulin does not increase stool weight or speed up intestinal transit time in healthy male subjects, Food Funct, 2, 72, 10.1039/C0FO00101E · DOI
  63. Costabile, 2010, A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to establish the bifidogenic effect of a very-long-chain inulin extracted from globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) in healthy human subjects, Br J Nutr, 104, 1007, 10.1017/S0007114510001571 · DOI
  64. van Dokkum, 1999, Effect of nondigestible oligosaccharides on large-bowel functions, blood lipid concentrations and glucose absorption in young healthy male subjects, Eur J Clin Nutr, 53, 1, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600668 · DOI
  65. Ramnani, 2010, Prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing Jerusalem artichoke inulin: A human intervention study, Br J Nutr, 104, 233, 10.1017/S000711451000036X · DOI
  66. Kleessen, 2007, Jerusalem artichoke and chicory inulin in bakery products affect faecal microbiota of healthy volunteers, Br J Nutr, 98, 540, 10.1017/S0007114507730751 · DOI
  67. Waitzberg, 2012, Microbiota benefits after inulin and partially hydrolized guar gum supplementation: A randomized clinical trial in constipated women, Nutr Hosp, 27, 123
  68. Marteau, 2011, Effects of chicory inulin in constipated elderly people: A double-blind controlled trial, Int J Food Sci Nutr, 62, 164, 10.3109/09637486.2010.527323 · DOI
  69. Dahl, 2005, Effects of thickened beverages fortified with inulin on beverage acceptance, gastrointestinal function, and bone resorption in institutionalized adults, Nutr, 21, 308, 10.1016/j.nut.2004.06.025 · DOI
  70. Den Hand, 2000, Effect of high performance chicory inulin on constipation, Nutr Res, 20, 731, 10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00162-7 · DOI
  71. Boler, 2011, Digestive physiological outcomes related to polydextrose and soluble corn fibre consumption by healthy adult men, Br J Nutr, 106, 1864, 10.1017/S0007114511002388 · DOI
  72. Stewart, 2010, Evaluation of the effect of four fibers on laxation, gastrointestinal tolerance and serum markers in healthy humans, Ann Nutr Metab, 56, 91, 10.1159/000275962 · DOI
  73. Timm, 2013, Polydextrose and soluble corn fiber increase five-day fecal weight in healthy men and women, J Nutr, 143, 473
  74. van den Heuvel, 2005, Dietary supplementation of different doses of NUTRIOSE-FB, a fermentable dextrin, alters the activity of faecal enzymes in healthy men, Eur J Nutr, 44, 445, 10.1007/s00394-005-0552-0 · DOI
  75. van den Heuvel, 2004, Short-term digestive tolerance of different doses of NUTRIOSE FB, a food dextrin, in adult men, Eur J Clin Nutr, 58, 1046, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601930 · DOI
  76. Hengst, 2009, Effects of polydextrose supplementation on different fecal parameters in healthy volunteers, Int J Food Sci Nutr, 60, 96, 10.1080/09637480802526760 · DOI · Paper page
  77. Hamilton, 1988, Clinical evaluation of methylcellulose as a bulk laxative, Dig Dis Sci, 33, 993, 10.1007/BF01535996 · DOI
  78. Slavin, 2009, A review of the role of soluble fiber in health with specific reference to wheat dextrin, J Int Med Res, 37, 1
  79. Taghipoor, 2014, Digestion modeling in the small intestine: Impact of dietary fiber, Math Biosci, 258, 101, 10.1016/j.mbs.2014.09.011 · DOI
  80. Mudgil, 2013, Composition, properties and health benefits of indigestible carbohydrate polymers as dietary fiber: A review, Int J Biol Macromol, 61, 1, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.06.044 · DOI · Paper page
  81. McRorie, 2015, Evidence-based approach to fiber supplements and clinically meaningful health benefits, part 2: What to look for and how to recommend an effective fiber therapy, Nutr Today, 50, 90, 10.1097/NT.0000000000000089 · DOI
  82. Brodribb, 1978, Effect of bran particle size on stool weight, Gut, 19, 60, 10.1136/gut.19.1.60 · DOI
  83. Tomlin, 1988, Laxative properties of indigestible plastic particles, BMJ, 297, 1175, 10.1136/bmj.297.6657.1175 · DOI
  84. Lewis, 1997, The intestinal effects of bran-like plastic particles: Is the concept of ‘roughage’ valid after all?, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 9, 553, 10.1097/00042737-199706000-00001 · DOI
  85. Lewis, 1999, Roughage revisited: The effect on intestinal function of inert plastic particles of different sizes and shapes, Dig Dis Sci, 44, 744, 10.1023/A:1026613909403 · DOI
  86. Wrick, 1983, The influence of dietary fiber source on human intestinal transit and stool output, J Nutr, 113, 1464
  87. Francis, 1994, Bran and irritable bowel syndrome: Time for reappraisal, Lancet, 344, 39, 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91055-3 · DOI · Paper page
  88. Eswaran, 2013, Fiber and functional gastrointestinal disorders, Am J Gastroenterol, 108, 718, 10.1038/ajg.2013.63 · DOI · Paper page
  89. Wolever, 1992, Effect of guar, pectin, psyllium, soy polysaccharide and cellulose on breath hydrogen and methane in healthy subjects, Am J Gastroenterol, 87, 305
  90. Lampe, 1992, Gastrointestinal effects of modified guar gum and soy polysaccharide as part of an enteral formula diet, J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 16, 538, 10.1177/0148607192016006538 · DOI
  91. Chen, 1998, Mechanisms by which wheat bran and oat bran increase stool weight in humans, Am J Clin Nutr, 68, 711, 10.1093/ajcn/68.3.711 · DOI
  92. Spencer, 1991, Effect of oat bran muffins on calcium absorption and calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc balance in men, J Nutr, 121, 1976
  93. Kirby, 1981, Oat-bran intake selectively lowers serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of hypercholesterolemic men, Am J Clin Nutr, 34, 824, 10.1093/ajcn/34.5.824 · DOI · Paper page
  94. McRorie, 2013, Clinical data support that psyllium is not fermented in the gut, Am J Gastroenterol, 108, 1541, 10.1038/ajg.2013.211 · DOI
  95. Vega, 2015, Breath methane in functional constipation: Response to treatment with ispaghula husk, Neurogastroenterol Motil, 27, 945, 10.1111/nmo.12568 · DOI
  96. Chaplin, 2000, Effect of ispaghula husk on the faecal output of bile acids in healthy volunteers, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 72, 283, 10.1016/S0960-0760(00)00035-2 · DOI
  97. Brandt, 2005, Systematic review on the management of chronic constipation in North America, Am J Gastroenterol, 100, S5, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.50613_2.x · DOI · Paper page
  98. Ford, 2014, American College of Gastroenterology monograph on the management of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation, Am J Gastroenterol, 109, S2, 10.1038/ajg.2014.187 · DOI · Paper page
  99. Bijkerk, 200927, Soluble or insoluble fibre in irritable bowel syndrome in primary care? Randomised placebo controlled trial, Br Med J, 339, b3154, 10.1136/bmj.b3154 · DOI · Paper page
  100. Qvitzau, 1988, Treatment of chronic diarrhoea: Loperamide versus ispaghula husk and calcium, Scand J Gastroenterol, 23, 1237, 10.3109/00365528809090197 · DOI
  101. Wenzl, 1995, Determinants of decreased fecal consistency in patients with diarrhea, Gastroenterol, 108, 1729, 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90134-5 · DOI
  102. Washington, 1998, Moderation of lactulose-induced diarrhea by psyllium: Effects on motility and fermentation, Am J Clin Nutr, 67, 317, 10.1093/ajcn/67.2.237 · DOI
  103. Fujimori, 2007, High dose probiotic and prebiotic cotherapy for remission induction of active Crohn's disease, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 22, 1199, 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04535.x · DOI
  104. Eherer, 1993, Effect of psyllium, calcium polycarbophil, and wheat bran on secretory diarrhea induced by phenolphthalein, Gastroenterology, 104, 1007, 10.1016/0016-5085(93)90267-G · DOI
  105. Prior, 1987, Double blind study of ispaghula in irritable bowel syndrome, Gut, 28, 1510, 10.1136/gut.28.11.1510 · DOI
  106. Kumar, 1987, Optimum dosage of ispaghula husk in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: Correlation of symptom relief with whole gut transit time and stool weight, Gut, 28, 150, 10.1136/gut.28.2.150 · DOI
  107. McRorie, 1998, Characterization of propagating contractions in the proximal colon of ambulatory mini pigs, Dig Dis Sci, 43, 957, 10.1023/A:1018810230010 · DOI
  108. Bassotti, 1993, Contractile activity of the human colon: Lessons from 24 hour studies, Gut, 34, 129, 10.1136/gut.34.1.129 · DOI
  109. Bassotti, 1999, Colonic motility in man: Features in normal subjects and in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation, Am J Gastroenterol, 94, 1760, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01203.x · DOI
  110. Greenwood-van Meerveld, 1999, Comparison of effects on colonic motility and stool characteristics associated with feeding Olestra and wheat bran to ambulatory mini-pigs, Dig Dis Sci, 44, 1282, 10.1023/A:1026662610138 · DOI
  111. Brandt, 2005, Systematic review on the management of chronic constipation in North America, Am J Gastroenterol, 100, S5, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.50613_2.x · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
McRorie, J. W., & McKeown, N. M.
Venue
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-02
Volume
117
Issue
2
Pages
251-264
ISSN
2212-2672 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.021
OpenAlex
W2553783326
Cited by
552
References
10
FWCI
27.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.