The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 84 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Does dissociation further our understanding of PTSD?
Abstract
Peritraumatic dissociation, and other dissociative reactions, refer to alterations in awareness in the context of a traumatic experience. This review provides an overview of the current conceptualization of dissociation, critiques methodological approaches to studying dissociation, and reviews the evidence for the purported relationship between dissociative reactions and posttraumatic stress disorder. The evidence challenges the notion that a linear relationship exists between dissociation and psychiatric morbidity. Future research should abandon the global construct of dissociation, and study the specific responses that involve altered awareness under experimental conditions.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Emotional numbing is often considered a key symptom of dissociation (e.g., Bryant, 2007; Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Bryant, 2007
In the citing paper
“Dissociation is a ubiquitous and normative phenomenon, occurring in well-adjusted, healthy individuals as well as trauma survivors (e.g., Bernstein & Putnam, 1986; Kihlstrom et al., 1994; Bryant, 2007).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Bryant, 2007
In the citing paper
“Trait dissociation implies persistent post-trauma dissociation in that a higher general tendency to dissociate may indicate an increased likelihood to dissociate following a traumatic event and may contribute to higher memory fragmentation (e.g., Bryant, 2007; Ehlers & Clark, 2000).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Bryant, 2007
In the citing paper
“Finally, the ASDI is a measure of ASD and may be confounding peritraumatic and continued dissociation (Bryant, 2007).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Bryant, 2007
In the citing paper
“A variety of measures exist for dissociation, and there is not a “gold-standard” (Bryant, 2007; Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Bryant, 2007
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, self-report measures often assess dissociation that occurred months or years earlier, and retrospective reporting of trauma reactions are often inaccurate (e.g., Bryant, 2007).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Bryant, 2007
In the citing paper
“A parsimonious explanation might be that both are better accounted for by a third factor, such as arousal, time since trauma, disclosure, cognitive ability, or data driven processing (Briere, 2006; Bryant, 2007; Ehlers & Clark, 2000; Zoellner & Bittinger, 2004).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Bryant, 2007
In the citing paper
“He suggests that dissociation reactions are associated with later PTSD symptoms because of their association with extreme anxiety and hyperarousal at the time of the traumatic event.”
From Risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in persons with spinal cord injury (2012) · cites this paper as [51]
Citations
Cites
A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder
Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00123-0 · Cited by 6,147
Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information.
Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20 · Cited by 5,396
Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults
Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.5.748 · Cited by 5,243
Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale
BERNSTEIN, E. M., & PUTNAM, F. W. (1986) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198612000-00004 · Cited by 3,793
Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis
Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52 · Cited by 3,322
Horowitz, M. J. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2820-3_4 · Cited by 1,866
Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD
Allden, K. (1998) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199807000-00018 · Cited by 1,709
Breuer, J., Freud, S., Strachey, J., Strachey, A., & Richards, A. (1895) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,614
Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD
Wilson, J.-P., & Keane, T. (1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-5966 · Cited by 1,274
Psychological predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents.
Ehlers, A., Mayou, R. A., & Bryant, B. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.3.508 · Cited by 1,059
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
- Dalton, 1989, Effects of post-traumatic stress disorder on neuropsychological test performance, International Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 11, 121
- Nemiah, 1989, Janet redivivus [Editorial], American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1527
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lanius, R. A., Brand, B., Vermetten, E., Frewen, P. A., & Spiegel, D. (2012) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.21889 · Cited by 459
Conceptualizing mindfulness and acceptance as components of psychological resilience to trauma
Thompson, R. W., Arnkoff, D. B., & Glass, C. R. (2011) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838011416375 · Cited by 387
Saving PTSD from itself in DSM-V
Spitzer, R. L., First, M. B., & Wakefield, J. C. (2007) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.09.006 · Cited by 353
Dissociation in posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence from the world mental health surveys
Stein, D. J., Koenen, K. C., Friedman, M. J., Hill, E., McLaughlin, K. A., Petukhova, M., Ruscio, A. M., Shahly, V., Spiegel, D., Borges, G., et al. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.08.022 · Cited by 328
A meta-analytic investigation of the structure of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.
Yufik, T., & Simms, L. J. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020981 · Cited by 323
Metadata
- Authors
- Bryant, R. A.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Bryant, Richard A.
- ORCID
- Bryant, Richard A.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 183-191
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2034631437
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 8.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- dissociation, peritraumatic dissociation, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociative reactions
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Diagnosis, Differential, Dissociative Disorders, Humans, Severity of Illness Index, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
