The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R): Validation of the German version in a sample of patients with OCD, anxiety disorders, and depressive disorders
Abstract
The OCI-R is a psychometrically sound and valid self-report scale measuring the major symptoms of OCD on six dimensions: Checking, Washing, Ordering, Hoarding, Obsessing, and Neutralizing. Information is needed on its ability to discriminate OCD from depression. In this study, reliability and convergent, divergent, and known-groups validity of an authorized German version were examined in 381 patients with OCD, other anxiety and depressive disorders. Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the original six-factor structure in each sample. Moreover, results indicated good convergent, divergent, and known-groups validity for the full scale and the subscales in each sample, only a slight construct overlap between OCD and depression, anxiety, pathological worry, and perfectionism, and the relationships of the subscales with obsessive-compulsive personality features supported its construct validity. Previous findings for the original scale were replicated and extended in a different cultural context. However, the domains Neutralizing and Obsessions need further development.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The OCI-R contains good psychometric properties [74, 76, 77] that have been confirmed for the German version [75, 78].”
From Metacognitive Training for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“The correlation between OCI-R and Y-BOCS indicates a medium degree (rs = .43 [46]).”
From Low intensity technology-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
(1998) · Cited by 36,049
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,766
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, Use, and Reliability
Goodman, W. K. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007 · Cited by 7,712
(1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,690
Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire
Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6 · Cited by 5,099
The dimensions of perfectionism
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01172967 · Cited by 4,279
The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version.
Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2002) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485 · Cited by 2,959
The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: measures of internal consistency.
Kim, S.-W., Dysken, M., Pheley, A., & Hoover, K. M. (1994) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(94)90039-6 · Cited by 2,333
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_179754 · Cited by 2,095
Brown, T. A., Campbell, L. A., Lehman, C. L., Grisham, J. R., & Mancill, R. B. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.585 · Cited by 1,562
Obsessions and compulsions: The Padua inventory
Sanavio, E. (1988) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(88)90116-7 · Cited by 926
Measurement of compulsive hoarding: saving inventory-revised
Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., & Grisham, J. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.07.006 · Cited by 803
Burns, G. L., Keortge, S. G., Formea, G. M., & Sternberger, L. G. (1996) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00035-6 · Cited by 667
Baer, L. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 504
Steer, R. A., & Beck, A. T. (1997) · Cited by 501
The Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI)
Thordarson, D. S., Radomsky, A. S., Rachman, S., Shafran, R., Sawchuk, C. N., & Hakstian, A. R. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.08.007 · Cited by 495
Abramowitz, J. S., & Deacon, B. J. (2006) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.001 · Cited by 432
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for OCD
Clark, D. A. (2003) · Cited by 400
Holaway, R. M., Heimberg, R. G., & Coles, M. E. (2006) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.01.002 · Cited by 399
Psychometric properties of the OCI-R in a college sample
Hajcak, G., Huppert, J. D., Simons, R. F., & Foa, E. B. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.08.002 · Cited by 392
The structure of obsessive-compulsive symptoms
van Oppen, P., Hoekstra, R. J., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)e0010-g · Cited by 339
Stöber, J. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00207-9 · Cited by 332
The OCI-R: Validation of the subscales in a clinical sample
Huppert, J. D., Walther, M. R., Hajcak, G., Yadin, E., Foa, E. B., Simpson, H. B., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2007) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.05.006 · Cited by 325
Obsessive-compulsive disorder: theory, research, and treatment
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-2444 · Cited by 313
Reliability and validity of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale
Woody, S. R., Steketee, G. S., & Chambless, D. L. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00076-v · Cited by 242
(2007) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412952644.n49 · Cited by 193
Fullana, M. A., Tortella‐Feliu, M., Caseras, X., Andión, Ó., Torrúbia, R., & Mataix‐Cols, D. (2004) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.10.004 · Cited by 166
Symmetry, ordering and arranging compulsive behaviour
Radomsky, A. S., & Rachman, S. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.07.001 · Cited by 163
Das Zwangsinventar OCI-R - die deutsche Version des Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised
Gönner, S., Leonhart, R., & Ecker, W. (2007) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/s-2007-970894 · Cited by 141
Self-citationWatson, D., & Wu, K. D. (2005) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191104271483 · Cited by 131
Commissioned reviews of 250 psychological tests
Maltby, J., Lewis, C. A., & Hill, A. (2000) · Edwin Mellen Press eBooks · Cited by 130
Measuring Change in OCD: Sensitivity of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised
Abramowitz, J. S., Tolin, D. F., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2005) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-005-2411-y · Cited by 128
Diagnostic issues and epidemiology in obsessive–compulsive disorder.
Antony, M. M., Downie, F. P., & Swinson, R. P. (1998) · Cited by 114
Starosta, A. J., & Brenner, L. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1972-2 · Cited by 77
Penn State Worry Questionnaire: structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version
Zhong, J., Wang, C., Li, J., & Liu, J. (2009) · Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B · doi:10.1631/jzus.b0820189 · Cited by 75
Abramowitz, J. S., & Foa, E. B. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00058-8 · Cited by 65
Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: Sind Selbst- und Fremdrating äquivalent?
Schaible, R., Armbrust, M., & Nutzinger, D. O. (2001) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000056673 · Cited by 61
Investigation into the relationship between personality traits and OCD
Rosen, K., & Tallis, F. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00073-s · Cited by 33
The relation between obsessive-compulsive personality traits and subtypes of compulsive behavior
Gibbs, N. A., & Oltmanns, T. F. (1995) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(95)00020-o · Cited by 24
Ecker, W., & Gönner, S. (2006) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-006-2070-6 · Cited by 19
Self-citationTallis, F., Rosen, K., & Shafran, R. (1996) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(96)00023-x · Cited by 13
Penn State Worry Questionnaire 1990
Meyer, T., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R., & Borkovec, T. D. (2001) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · Cited by 3
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Ecker, 2007, Persönlichkeitsstörungen: Theorie und Therapie, 11, 111
- Stöber, 1995, Besorgnis: Ein Vergleich dreier Inventare zur Erfassung allgemeiner Sorgen [Worrying: a comparison of three questionnaires concerning everyday worries], Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 16, 50
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Differentiating the mood and anxiety disorders: A quadripartite model
Watson, D. (2009) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153510 · Cited by 498
Assessing Psychological Flexibility: What Does It Add Above and Beyond Existing Constructs?
Gloster, A. T., Klotsche, J., Chaker, S., Hummel, K. V., & Hoyer, J. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0024135 · Cited by 206
Exposure and Response (Ritual) Prevention for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Therapist Guide
Foa, E. B., Yadin, E., & Lichner, T. K. (2012) · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780195335286.001.0001 · Cited by 185
Incompleteness and harm avoidance in OCD symptom dimensions
Ecker, W., & Gönner, S. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.04.002 · Cited by 165
Self-citationSica, C., Ghisi, M., Altoè, G., Chiri, L. R., Franceschini, S., Coradeschi, D., & Melli, G. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.07.001 · Cited by 154
Metadata
- Authors
- Gönner, S., Leonhart, R., & Ecker, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Gönner, Sascha
- ORCID
- Leonhart, Rainer
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 734-749
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1967261127
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 8.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Keywords
- Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, obsessive-compulsive disorder, German version, psychometric validation, factor structure, convergent validity, known-groups validity, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, pathological worry, perfectionism, cross-cultural adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Compulsive Personality Disorder, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Defense Mechanisms, Depressive Disorder, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Statistical, Comorbidity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
