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Is internet-based CBT for panic disorder and agoraphobia as effective as face-to-face CBT?
Abstract
This study compared Panic Online (PO), an internet-based CBT intervention, to best-practice face-to-face CBT for people with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Eighty-six people with a primary diagnosis of panic disorder were recruited from Victoria, Australia. Participants were randomly assigned to either PO (n=46) or best practice face-to-face CBT (n=40). Effects of the internet-based CBT program were found to be comparable to those of face-to-face CBT. Both interventions produced significant reductions in panic disorder and agoraphobia clinician severity ratings, self reported panic disorder severity and panic attack frequency, measures of depression, anxiety, stress and panic related cognitions, and displayed improvements in quality of life. Participants rated both treatment conditions as equally credible and satisfying. Participants in the face-to-face CBT treatment group cited higher enjoyment with communicating with their therapist. Consistent with this, therapists' ratings for compliance to treatment and understanding of the CBT material was higher in the face-to-face CBT treatment group. PO required significantly less therapist time than the face-to-face CBT condition.
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“Thus, Internet-delivered psychological treatments for anxiety and phobias are feasible, acceptable, and effective.”
From Short-term effectiveness of web-based guided self-help for phobic outpatients: randomized controlled trial. (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“This dropout seems to reflect the reality of trials conducted in routine mental health care, as comparable rates were found in earlier clinical trials comparing iCBT with ftfCBT [65, 74–77]; it could not be prevented by our e-mail and telephone reminders.”
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“Here we found no difference, which is in line with other studies in the field of anxiety disorders (e.g. Carlbring et al., 2005; Kiropoulos et al., 2008).”
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“The pooled between-group effect size in the three studies targeting panic disorder (Bergström et al., 2010; Carlbring et al., 2005; Kiropoulos et al., 2008) was g = .05 (95% CI, −.20 to .30), in line with the notion of equivalent effects.”
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“In the three studies targeting panic disorder (26-28), the effect size was 0.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kiropoulos, L. A., Klein, B., Austin, D. W., Gilson, K., Pier, C., Mitchell, J., & Ciechomski, L.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Kiropoulos, Litza A.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1273-1284
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2013146721
- Cited by
- 290
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 32.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- FedUni ResearchOnline (Federation University Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- internet-based CBT, panic disorder, agoraphobia, treatment effectiveness, treatment credibility, treatment satisfaction, quality of life, depression, anxiety, stress, medication adherence
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Agoraphobia, Australia, Female, Humans, Male, Manuals as Topic, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self-Help Groups, Severity of Illness Index, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Panic Disorder, Treatment Outcome, Patient Satisfaction, Remote Consultation, Internet
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