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Social phobia and perceived friendship quality

Rodebaugh, Thomas L.·2009·Journal of Anxiety Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.05.001

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Abstract

Although it is clear that people with social phobia have interpersonal impairment, evidence that social phobia (as opposed to other mental disorders) affects friendship in particular is lacking. Two large epidemiological datasets were used to test whether diagnosis of social phobia is related to perceived friendship quality above and beyond perceived family relationship quality, diagnosis of other mental disorders, and a variety of demographic variables. After Bonferroni correction, social phobia was the only diagnosis related to perceived friendship quality above and beyond other factors, such that people with social phobia reported more impaired friendship quality. Social phobia's effect was similar in magnitude to demographic characteristics in both samples. The current study demonstrates that social phobia is specifically related to perceived friendship quality, suggesting that this aspect of social phobia's effects is worthy of further study.

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Shatz, H., Asher, M., & Aderka, I. M. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102828 · Cited by 10
Relational Processes in Social Anxiety Disorder
Alden, L. E., Regambal, M. J., & Plasencia, L. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118653920.ch8 · Cited by 13
Childhood ADHD With and Without Co-occurring Internalizing/Externalizing Problems: Prospective Predictions of Change in Adolescent Academic and Social Functioning
Reinke, A., Stiles, K., & Lee, S. S. (2023) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547231187146 · Cited by 9
“…friends, friendship quality; Rose et al., 2011) and academic outcomes (e.g., GPA; Sarason, 1957), whereas fear-based anxiety dimensions (e.g., social phobia) negatively predicted social (e.g., friendship quality (Rodebaugh, 2009), and academic outcomes (e.g., lower grades); Baptista et al., 2012).”
Background
Predicting social anxiety disorder based on communication logs and social network data from a massively multiplayer online game: Using a graph neural network
Yokotani, K., Takano, M., Abe, N., & Kato, T. A. (2025) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.13804 · Cited by 13
Social Anxiety, Negative Affect, and Hearing Difficulties in Adults
McClannahan, K., McConkey, S. M., Levitan, J. M., Rodebaugh, T. L., & Peelle, J. E. (2025) · Trends in Hearing · doi:10.1177/23312165251317925 · Cited by 7
“Social anxiety disorder is common and is associated with reports of signi ﬁ cant impairment in interpersonal roles (Ruscio et al. 2008), and it is a unique predictor of impairments in friendships (Rodebaugh 2009).”
Self-citation
Social anxiety undermines prosocial behaviors when required effort
Yang, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, H., Kou, H., Zhao, J., Tian, J., & Guo, C. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100533 · Cited by 7
“For instance, individuals with high social anxiety (HSAs) often experience poorer quality friendships (Rodebaugh, 2009) and are at a higher risk of lacking intimate friends (Davidson et al., 1994).”
Escala de ansiedad social para adolescentes: confiabilidad y validez en una muestra mexicana
Jiménez-López, L. M., Aragón, R. S., & Cruz, A. V. (2013) · Psicología Iberoamericana · doi:10.48102/pi.v21i2.156 · Cited by 7
Alexinomia: The fear of using personal names
Ditye, T., Rodax, N., & Welleschik, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129272 · Cited by 6
“Social anxiety has been shown to be linked to low intimacy and decreased satisfaction in romantic relationships (Davila and Beck, 2002; Rodebaugh, 2009) and, thus, can also be conceptualized from an attachment viewpoint.”
Background
Lack of parental care increases depression of rural left-behind children in China: a moderated mediating effects*
Chang, B., Wei, Y., & Fang, J. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-05991-w · Cited by 6
“To alleviate depression in left-behind children, psychologists should consider the buffering role of peer friendships, in conjunction with parental factors (Rodebaugh, 2009).”
Romantic relationship quality and functioning for individuals with clinical and sub-clinical social anxiety: a scoping review
Casey, K., King, R. M., Banner, J., & Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M. (2022) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2022.2091755 · Cited by 6
“They report poorer perceived friendship quality (Rodebaugh, 2009), lower social support (Torgrud et al.”
Background
Changes in Positive and Negative Affect during Acute Psychiatric Treatment in People with Social Anxiety Disorder
Bowers, E. M., Peckham, A., Goodman, F. R., Hom, M. A., Beckham, E. E., Björgvinsson, Þ., & Beard, C. (2023) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2023/7614830 · Cited by 5
“Social anxiety can lead to signi ﬁ cant impairment: people with SAD are more likely to experience poorer quality of social relationships [5, 6], lower quality of life [7], and increased suicidal ideation and behavior [8, 9] compared to those without SAD.”
Background
The effects of trait social anxiety on affective and behavioral reactions to others' resource allocations
Anderl, C., Dorrough, A. R., Rohrbeck, M., & Glöckner, A. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.2259 · Cited by 5
5-year follow-up of adolescents with social anxiety disorder: Current functioning during COVID-19
Carlton, C. N., Garcia, K. M., Honaker, M., Richey, J. A., & Ollendick, T. H. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115118 · Cited by 5
“In addition to the pervasive nature of this disorder, SAD also carries a significant social burden, including self-reported deficits in friendships and romantic relationships (e.g., Rodebaugh 2009, Tonge et al. 2020).”
Background
Social Anxiety from an Attachment Theory Perspective: The Mediating Role of Early Maladaptive Schema Domains and Rejection Sensitivity
Zörer, P. B., & Di̇ri̇k, G. (2023) · Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies · doi:10.24193/jebp.2023.2.9 · Cited by 12
“It is important to understand the factors related to social anxiety to develop effective interventions due to how it affects functionality and quality of life (Acarturk et al., 2008, 2009; Aderka et al., 2012; Rodebaugh, 2009; Safren et al., 1996; Schneier et al., 1994).”
Gender Differences in Shame Among Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder
Oren‐Yagoda, R., Rosenblum, M., & Aderka, I. M. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10461-x · Cited by 6
“Moreover, studies have showed that SAD can negatively affect the quality of close relationships (Davila & Beck, 2002), such as family relations (Lochner et al., 2003), friendships (Davila & Beck, 2002; Rodebaugh, 2009; Rodebaugh et al., 2015) and romantic relationships (Sparrevohn & Rapee, 2009).”
Examining Whether Social Anxiety Influences Satisfaction in Romantic Relationships
Doyle, F. L., Baillie, A. J., & Crome, E. (2021) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2021.18 · Cited by 5
Risk profiles of social anxiety for interpersonal difficulties in a sample of Spanish adolescents
Urbán, D. J. A., García-Fernández, J. M., & Inglés, C. J. (2023) · Revista de Psicodidáctica (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.psicoe.2023.11.001 · Cited by 4
Onlinekommunikation und soziale Angst
Schulz, A., & Hoyer, J. (2016) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000360 · Cited by 4
Social Anxiety Disorder
Bruce, L. C., & Heimberg, R. G. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118528563.wbcbt38 · Cited by 6
Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drug Use of People With Mood and Anxiety Disorders: Differential Impact of Family and Friends
Nam, E., & Fukui, S. (2017) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2017.1285092 · Cited by 7
“While developing and maintaining friend networks are important intervention goals for people with mood and anxiety disorders (Rodebaugh, 2009), friendships may be related to increased risk of drug use.”
BackgroundResult
Mouse-tracking reveals cognitive conflict during negative impression formation in women with Borderline Personality Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder
Hepp, J., Kieslich, P. J., Wycoff, A. M., Bertsch, K., Schmahl, C. G., & Niedtfeld, I. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247955 · Cited by 3
Social Anxiety Disorder
Shin, J., Grossman, J. T., Rodriguez, C. R., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00228-4 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Personality-related correlates of social phobia and their impact on sexual satisfaction – a preliminary report
KOWALSKI, D., & Zalewska-Łunkiewicz, K. (2018) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · doi:10.15557/pipk.2018.0044 · Cited by 3
The Effects of Positive Psychotherapy on Social Anxiety, Optimism, and Subjective Well-Being of Social Phobia-prone College Students
최유연, & Son, C. (2012) · Korean Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.17315/kjhp.2012.17.3.002 · Cited by 2
Perfectionism as a mediator between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and overcontrolling parenting in autism spectrum disorder families
Özbay, A., Karakaya, B., & Aşcı, S. (2025) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2025.2578601 · Cited by 1
Uloga socijalne anksioznosti, samootvaranja i doživljavanja pozitivnih emocija u objašnjenju kvalitete prijateljskih odnosa kod studenata
Komadina, T., Juretić, J., & Živčić–Bećirević, I. (2013) · Psihologijske teme · Cited by 1
Does Internalizing Disorders Predict a Decline in Friendship Quality? The Negative Impacts of Depression and Anxiety on Friendship Quality
Wicaksono, B., Izzaty, R. E., Ayriza, Y., & Hutagalung, F. D. (2022) · ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal · doi:10.24123/aipj.v37i1.3916 · Cited by 1
Social Anxiety Disorder
Horenstein, A., Butler, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108140416.018 · Cited by 2
Perfiles de riesgo de ansiedad social para dificultades interpersonales en una muestra de adolescentes españoles
Urbán, D. J. A., García-Fernández, J. M., & Inglés, C. J. (2023) · Revista de Psicodidáctica · doi:10.1016/j.psicod.2023.11.003 · Cited by 1
The Effect of Social Anxiety on Social Support Behavior in Close Friendships
Piccirillo, M. L. (2016) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k7rj4gwj · Cited by 1
“Importantly, many of the relationships that individuals with SAD do maintain are often associated with decreased satisfaction (Alden & Taylor, 2004; Heinrichs, 2003; Rodebaugh, 2009; Rodebaugh, Fernandez, & Levinson, 2012).”
Background
Discomfort with Friendly Giving in Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder
Fernandez, K. C., Edwards, Y., Rodebaugh, T., & Lim, M. (2020) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-020-09795-7
Self-citation
The relationship between safety-seeking, self-authenticity, self-esteem, and relatedness in social anxiety
Plasencia, M. L. (2015) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0165915 · Cited by 1
Avaliação da efetividade de um modelo da terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupos para transtorno de ansiedade social: ensaio clínico randomizado
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A Multidimensional Approach to the Study of Social Anxiety and Friendships
Fernandez, K. C. (2014) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k7z0369k
“Despite the comorbidity between social anxiety and depression, there is evidence that SAD is associated with impairment in friendships above and beyond depression; for example, Rodebaugh (2009) found a specific link between SAD and perceived friendship quality, above and beyond a variety of demographic variables and o…”
Background
Manipulation of Negative Social Evaluative Fears on Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Behaviors: Does Fear of Social Evaluation Lead to Disordered Eating?
Levinson, C. A. (2015) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k72r3pwh
“…Individuals with SAD obtain lower levels of education, exhibit poor overall physical health (Acarturk, de Graaf, ten Have, &Cuijpers, 2008), are less likely to be married (Buist-Bouwman, 2006) and have significant impairments in friendships (Rodebaugh, 2009; Rodebaugh, Fernandez, & Levinson, 2012).”
Background
Social Anxiety Disorder and Emotional Solitude
Alden, L. E., & Auyeung, K. W. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118427378.ch22

Authors: Rodebaugh, T. L.
Affiliations: Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Corresponding author: Rodebaugh, Thomas L.
ORCID: Rodebaugh, Thomas L.
Venue: Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-10
Volume: 23
Issue: 7
Pages: 872-878
ISSN: 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.05.001
OpenAlex: W2070225636
Cited by: 113
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 8.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Pennsylvania
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: social anxiety disorder, family relationship quality, mental illness, interpersonal relationships, demographic factors
MeSH terms: Adult, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Culture, Family Relations, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Social Perception, Social Support, United States, Comorbidity, Friends

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