Cited by 964Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchChild Abuse and TraumaMigration, Health and Trauma

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Prevalence and Axis I comorbidity of full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: Results from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

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Pietrzak, Robert H., Goldstein, Risë B., Southwick, Steven M., Grant, Bridget F.·2011·Journal of Anxiety Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.010PMC PMC3051041

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Abstract

The present study used data from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (n = 34,653) to examine lifetime Axis I psychiatric comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Lifetime prevalences ± standard errors of PTSD and partial PTSD were 6.4% ± 0.18 and 6.6% ± 0.18, respectively. Rates of PTSD and partial PTSD were higher among women (8.6% ± 0.26 and 8.6% ± 0.26) than men (4.1% ± 0.19 and 4.5% ± 0.21). Respondents with both PTSD and partial PTSD most commonly reported unexpected death of someone close, serious illness or injury to someone close, and sexual assault as their worst stressful experiences. PTSD and partial PTSD were associated with elevated lifetime rates of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, and suicide attempts. Respondents with partial PTSD generally had intermediate odds of comorbid Axis I disorders and psychosocial impairment relative to trauma controls and full PTSD.

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“of this study were to: 1) extend previous neural studies of negative anticipation in PTSD and identify treatment-related changes in affective anticipation among individuals with co-occurring PTSD and AUD, the most prevalent substance use comorbidity in Veterans with PTSD (Pietrzak et al., 2011); and 2) assess the dist…”
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“This is consistent with the well recognised fact that PTSD patients have high rates of comorbidity [4,5].”
BackgroundResult
Post-traumatic stress disorder in women
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“…with PTSD symptoms and generic negative affect because it is not the exception but the norm for individuals with PTSD to experience comorbid mood and anxiety symptoms or disorders (Knowles et al., 2019; Pietrzak et al., 2011), such that cannabis is used to cope with varied emotional symptomatology.”
Factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in persons with serious mental illness
Lu, W., Mueser, K. T., Yanos, P. T., Jia, Y., Siriram, A., Bullock, D., Wang, K., Silverstein, S. M., Gottlieb, J. D., Rogers, K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2024.2332809 · Cited by 3
“Similarly, estimates of co-occurring PTSD in bipolar disorders ranged from 10% to 40% (Bauer & Pfennig, 2005; Carmassi et al., 2020; Otto et al., 2004; Pietrzak et al., 2011; Reddy et al., 2017).”
Impact of cognitive behavioural therapy on neural, inflammatory, & autonomic markers in a sample with PTSD and cardiovascular risk: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Ellis, R. A., Sinnott, S. M., Karam, K. A., Assefa, A., Osborne, M. T., & Seligowski, A. V. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2378618 · Cited by 3
“…may lead to lower overall PTSD severity in the sample; however, the inclusion of these participants is also a strength given subthreshold PTSD is associated with significant functional impairment (Pietrzak et al., 2011) and comparable treatment response to those with PTSD (Dickstein et al., 2013).”
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Post-Freudian PTSD: Breath, the Protector of Dreams
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Leveraging Technology for Health Equity
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Authors: Pietrzak, R. H., Goldstein, R. B., Southwick, S. M., & Grant, B. F.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Pietrzak, Robert H.
ORCID: Pietrzak, Robert H.
Goldstein, Risë B.
Southwick, Steven M.
Venue: Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-04
Volume: 25
Issue: 3
Pages: 456-465
ISSN: 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.010
PMC: PMC3051041
OpenAlex: W1969551391
Cited by: 963
References: 87
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 24.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Intramural Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, Axis I disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, suicide attempts, sex differences, trauma exposure, sexual assault, unexpected death, psychosocial impairment, NESARC
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders

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Prevalence and Axis I comorbidity of full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: Results from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

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