A historical review of trauma-related diagnoses to reconsider the heterogeneity of PTSD

DiMauro, Jennifer; Carter, Sarah; Folk, Johanna B.; Kashdan, Todd B.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.002

Cited by 57Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchChild Abuse and Trauma

A historical review of trauma-related diagnoses to reconsider the heterogeneity of PTSD

DiMauro, Jennifer, Carter, Sarah, Folk, Johanna B., Kashdan, Todd B.·2014·Journal of Anxiety Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.002

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Abstract

Based on the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, there are 636,120 ways for an individual to qualify for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Galatzer-Levy & Bryant, 2013). To unravel this heterogeneity, we examine the historical trajectory of trauma-related diagnoses. Our review addresses four traumas (i.e., combat, natural disaster, life-threatening accident and sexual assault) that have contributed the most to conceptual models of PTSD. Although these trauma types are all subsumed under the same diagnostic label, our literature review indicates that the psychological consequences of different traumatic experiences are traditionally studied in isolation. Indeed, most research addresses hypotheses regarding specific trauma types using samples of individuals selected for their experience with that specific event. We consider the possibility that PTSD is not a single, unified construct and what this means for future research and clinical applications.

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“PTSD is a highly heterogeneous condition (DiMauro, Carter, Folk, & Kashdan, 2014, Murphy, Ross, Busuttil, Greenberg, & Armour, 2019)”
From Psychological therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as DiMauro, Carter, Folk, & Kashdan, 2014

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Authors: DiMauro, J., Carter, S., Folk, J. B., & Kashdan, T. B.
Affiliations: George Mason University (US)
Corresponding author: Kashdan, Todd B.
ORCID: Carter, Sarah
Folk, Johanna B.
Kashdan, Todd B.
Venue: Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-12
Volume: 28
Issue: 8
Pages: 774-786
ISSN: 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.002
OpenAlex: W1999774243
Cited by: 57
References: 107
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 0.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, DSM-5, war injuries, sexual assault, trauma type
MeSH terms: Accidents, Combat Disorders, Disasters, Forecasting, Humans, Male, Neurasthenia, Sex Offenses, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, World War II, World War I, Vietnam Conflict, American Civil War, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Ventricular Flutter

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A historical review of trauma-related diagnoses to reconsider the heterogeneity of PTSD

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