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Changing Olmec trade routes understood through Least Cost Path analysis
Abstract
Abstract This paper uses Least Cost Path (LCP) analysis to explore travel routes between the Gulf Coast and Soconusco regions of Mexico. LCP results are compared between the two regions during the late Early Formative period (1400-1000 cal BC) when San Lorenzo was the largest Olmec center on the Gulf Coast and the Middle Formative period (1000-400 cal BC) when La Venta replaced it. We contrast the well-known Tobler Hiking Function and the less well known Anaya Hernandez method to determine the LCP routes for each period as well as to calculate changes required to make the voyage as one Gulf Coast center eclipsed the other. We compare LCP models with changing locations of political centers and with colonial-period accounts of actual travel through the region that allows us to infer the logic of Olmec era trade networks. Methodologically, we show how the Anaya Hernandez friction values for LCP analysis are more appropriate for mountainous environments as they more reliably model the importance of slope than the Tobler Function does. Substantively, we demonstrate how important population centers were located along LPC routes. Further, that beginning during the Middle Formative period there were more connections to the highlands of Chiapas and Guatemala than in earlier times.
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It is difficult to transform CT results to an estimate of time, energy, or other absolute meaningful cost for mobility; as a consequence, if absolute estimates and minimum cost are relevant for the research question then LCP is still the best existing technique to be applied within archaeological contexts.
“It is difficult to transform CT results to an estimate of time, energy, or other absolute meaningful cost for mobility; as a consequence, if absolute estimates and minimum cost are relevant for the research question then LCP is still the best existing technique to be applied within archaeological contexts (Rosenswig & Martínez Tuñón, 2020).”
From A spatial connectivity approach to landscapes of conflict: julius caesar and the assault to puig ciutat (NE iberian peninsula) (2022) · cites this paper as Rosenswig & Martínez Tuñón, 2020
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rosenswig, R. M., & Martínez Tuñón, A.
- Venue
- Journal of Archaeological Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 118
- Pages
- 105146
- ISSN
- 0305-4403 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3018283244
- Semantic Scholar
- 7bf36cf1ff516182de05522c1e0e19287822085c
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 37.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Archaeological Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Historical Studies in Central America
- Social Sciences › Archeology › Archaeological Research and Protection
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Archaeology and Cultural Heritage
- Keywords
- trade routes, San Lorenzo, La Venta, Gulf Coast of Mexico, Soconusco, Formative period, least-cost path analysis, political center, Chiapas highlands, Guatemalan highlands
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