The utility of ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS/MS) for clinically relevant steroid analysis
Open accessAbstract
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays are considered the reference standard for serum steroid hormone analyses, while full urinary steroid profiles are only achievable by gas chromatography (GC-MS). Both LC-MS/MS and GC-MS have well documented strengths and limitations. Recently, commercial ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS/MS) systems have been developed. These systems combine the resolution of GC with the high-throughput capabilities of UHPLC. Uptake of this new technology into research and clinical labs has been slow, possibly due to the perceived increase in complexity. Here we therefore present fundamental principles of UHPSFC-MS/MS and the likely applications for this technology in the clinical research setting, while commenting on potential hurdles based on our experience to date.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There are increasing efforts to develop both ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPHSFC-MS/MS) methods for the screening of multiple urine steroids.
“However, of late, there are increasing efforts to develop both ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPHSFC-MS/MS) methods for the screening of multiple urine steroids [341,342].”
From Human steroid biosynthesis, metabolism and excretion are differentially reflected by serum and urine steroid metabolomes: a comprehensive review (2019) · cites this paper as [342]
Novel technological developments have facilitated development of high-throughput multisteroid profiling methods soon to reach clinical practice.
“Furthermore, novel technological developments have facilitated the development of high-throughput multisteroid profiling methods soon to reach clinical practice (5–7).”
From Steroid Metabolome Analysis in Disorders of Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis and Metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [5]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, and Physiology of Human Steroidogenesis and Its Disorders
Miller, W. L., & Auchus, R. J. (2011) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2010-0013 · Cited by 2,458 · see citing works
Taylor, P. J. (2005) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.11.007 · Cited by 1,256 · see citing works
Urine steroid metabolomics as a biomarker tool for detecting malignancy in adrenal tumors
Arlt, W., Biehl, M., Taylor, A. E., Hahner, S., Libé, R., Hughes, B. A., Schneider, P., Smith, D. J., Stiekema, H., Krone, N., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1565 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Self-citationKrone, N., Hughes, B. A., Lavery, G. G., Stewart, P. M., Arlt, W., & Shackleton, C. H. L. (2010) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.04.010 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Self-citationThe many faces of packed column supercritical fluid chromatography – A critical review
Lesellier, E., & West, C. (2015) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.083 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Handelsman, D. J., & Wartofsky, L. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3375 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Mass spectrometry and immunoassay: how to measure steroid hormones today and tomorrow
Taylor, A. E., Keevil, B., & Huhtaniemi, I. T. (2015) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-15-0338 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Self-citationO’Reilly, M., TAYLOR, A. E. R., Crabtree, N. J., Hughes, B. A., Capper, F., Crowley, R. K., Stewart, P. M., Tomlinson, J., & Arlt, W. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3399 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Self-citationNováková, L., Perrenoud, A. G., François, I., West, C., Lesellier, É., & Guillarme, D. (2014) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.034 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
11-Oxygenated C19 steroids are the predominant androgens in polycystic ovary syndrome
O’Reilly, M. W., Kempegowda, P., Jenkinson, C., Taylor, A. E., Quanson, J. L., Storbeck, K.-H., & Arlt, W. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-3285 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Self-citationIonization and transmission efficiency in an electrospray ionization—mass spectrometry interface
Page, J. S., Kelly, R., Tang, K., & Smith, R. D. (2007) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1016/j.jasms.2007.05.018 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Wudy, S. A., Schuler, G., Sánchez-Guijo, A., & Hartmann, M. F. (2018) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.09.003 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Shackleton, C. H. L. (2010) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.02.017 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
History of supercritical fluid chromatography: Instrumental development
Saito, M. (2013) · Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering · doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.12.008 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Performance Characteristics of a Novel Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay For Serum Testosterone
Kushnir, M. M., Rockwood, A. L., Roberts, W. L., Pattison, E. G., Bunker, A. M., Fitzgerald, R. L., & Meikle, A. W. (2006) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.052167 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
LC–MS/MS analysis of steroids in the clinical laboratory
Keevil, B. G. (2016) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.04.009 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Perrenoud, A. G., Veuthey, J., & Guillarme, D. (2014) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.006 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Development and validation of a quantitative assay based on tandem mass spectrometry
Honour, J. W. (2011) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1258/acb.2010.010176 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Higashi, T., Yamauchi, A., & Shimada, K. (2004) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.12.007 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Nováková, L., Rentsch, M., Perrenoud, A. G., Nicoli, R., Saugy, M., Veuthey, J., & Guillarme, D. (2014) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.007 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Badoud, F., Grata, E., Boccard, J., Guillarme, D., Veuthey, J.-L., Rudaz, S., & Saugy, M. (2011) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-011-4779-8 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Derivatization of Steroids in Biological Samples for GC–MS and LC–MS Analyses
Marcos, J., & Pozo, Ó. J. (2015) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio.15.176 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Analytical strategies based on mass spectrometric techniques for the study of steroid metabolism
Gómez, C., Fabregat, A., Pozo, Ó. J., Marcos, J., Segura, J., & Ventura, R. (2013) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2013.08.010 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Quanson, J. L., Stander, M. A., Pretorius, E., Jenkinson, C., TAYLOR, A. E. R., & Storbeck, K. (2016) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.024 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationDesfontaine, V., Nováková, L., Ponzetto, F., Nicoli, R., Saugy, M., Veuthey, J., & Guillarme, D. (2016) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.004 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Galuska, C. E., Hartmann, M. F., Sánchez-Guijo, A., Bakhaus, K., Geyer, J., Schuler, G., Zimmer, K.-P., & Wudy, S. A. (2013) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/c3an36817c · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Nováková, L., Desfontaine, V., Ponzetto, F., Nicoli, R., Saugy, M., Veuthey, J., & Guillarme, D. (2016) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.010 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Doué, M., Dervilly-Pinel, G., Pouponneau, K., Monteau, F., & Le Bizec, B. (2015) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-015-8573-x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Akbal, L., & Hopfgartner, G. (2017) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.044 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Analysis of Various Classes of Drugs by Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Later, D. W., Richter, B. E., Knowles, D. E., & Andersen, M. R. (1986) · Journal of Chromatographic Science · doi:10.1093/chromsci/24.6.249 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Shackleton, C. H. L., Marcos, J., Palomaki, G. E., Craig, W. Y., Kelley, R. I., Kratz, L. E., & Haddow, J. E. (2007) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31901 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Lebbe, M., TAYLOR, A. E. R., Visser, J. A., Kirkman‐Brown, J., Woodruff, T. K., & Arlt, W. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2016-1851 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationSFC–MS Versus RPLC–MS for Drug Analysis in Biological Samples
Desfontaine, V., Nováková, L., & Guillarme, D. (2015) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio.15.41 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Tuomola, M., Sandell, M. A., & Manninen, P. (1998) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00409-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry offers advantages for urinary steroids analysis
Homer, N. Z. M., Kothiya, S., Rutter, A., Walker, B. R., & Andrew, R. (2017) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ab.2017.09.002 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Steroid profiling and analytics: Going towards sterome
Ceglarek, U., Shackleton, C. H. L., Stanczyk, F. Z., & Adamski, J. (2010) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.07.002 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Schiffer, L., Barnard, L., Baranowski, E. S., Gilligan, L. C., Taylor, A. E., Arlt, W., Shackleton, C. H. L., & Storbeck, K.-H. (2019) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105439 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
“chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPHSFC-MS/MS) methods for the screening of multiple urine steroids [341,342].”
Self-citationRecent Advances in Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis
D’Atri, V., Fekete, S., Clarke, A. M., Veuthey, J., & Guillarme, D. (2018) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05026 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Steroid Metabolome Analysis in Disorders of Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis and Metabolism
Storbeck, K.-H., Schiffer, L., Baranowski, E. S., Chortis, V., Prete, A., Barnard, L., Gilligan, L. C., Taylor, A. E., Idkowiak, J., Arlt, W., et al. (2019) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00262 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationPilařová, V., Plachká, K., Khalikova, M. A., Švec, F., & Nováková, L. (2019) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.023 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Current state and future perspectives of supercritical fluid chromatography
Le, S.-H., & Bamba, T. (2022) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2022.116550 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Shackleton, C., Pozo, O. J., & Marcos, J. (2018) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/js.2018-00135 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
From a single steroid to the steroidome: Trends and analytical challenges
Olesti, E., Boccard, J., Visconti, G., González‐Ruiz, V., & Rudaz, S. L. (2020) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105797 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Chen, R., Wang, H., Sun, C., Zhao, Y., He, Y., Nisar, M. S., Wei, W., Kang, H., Xie, X., Du, C., et al. (2023) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124401 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
High-Throughput and Ultrafast Liquid Chromatography
Kaplitz, A. S., Kresge, G. A., Selover, B., Horvat, L., Franklin, E. G., Godinho, J. M., Grinias, K. M., Foster, S. W., Davis, J. J., & Grinias, J. P. (2019) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04713 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Bijlsma, L., Bade, R., Béen, F. M., Celma, A., & Castiglioni, S. (2020) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.058 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Ahmad, I. A. H., Chen, W., Halsey, H. M., Klapars, A., Limanto, J., Pirrone, G. F., Nowak, T., Bennett, R., Hartman, R., Makarov, A. A., et al. (2019) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/c8an02499e · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Steroid Mass Spectrometry for the Diagnosis of PCOS
Keevil, B. G. (2019) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci7070078 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Analytical Methods for the Determination of Neuroactive Steroids
Kaleta, M., Oklešťková, J., Novák, O., & Strnad, M. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11040553 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Confirmatory testing of primary aldosteronism with saline infusion test and LC-MS/MS
Fuß, C. T., Brohm, K., Kurlbaum, M., Hannemann, A., Kendl, S., Faßnacht, M., Deutschbein, T., Hahner, S., & Kroiß, M. (2020) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-20-0073 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Köhrle, J., Lehmphul, I., Pietzner, M., Renko, K., Rijntjes, E., Richards, K., Anselmo, J., Danielsen, M., & Jonklaas, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00787 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Mass spectrometry: Future opportunities for profiling and imaging steroids and steroid metabolites
Andrew, R., & Homer, N. Z. M. (2020) · Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1016/j.coemr.2020.11.005 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Recent advances in analysis of capsaicin and its effects on metabolic pathways by mass spectrometry
Peng, Z., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Mao, J., Zhang, Q., Zhao, W., Zhang, S., & Xie, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1227517 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Dias, I. H. K., Wilson, S. R., & Røberg‐Larsen, H. (2018) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.004 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Intervention of Supercritical Fluids as Reaction Media and Chromatography Tool
Ghosh, P. K., Ghosh, P., Ghosh, P. K., & Ghosh, N. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.22675-9 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Song, Y., & Feng, X. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1080/10408347.2021.1936446 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Rossi, C., Cicalini, I., Verrocchio, S., Dalmazi, G. D., Federici, L., & Bucci, I. (2020) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines8090314 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Steroid Sulfation in Adrenal Tumors
Mueller, J. W., Vogg, N., Lightning, T. A., Weigand, I., Ronchi, C. L., Foster, P., & Kroiß, M. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab182 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Schiffer, L., Arlt, W., & Storbeck, K. (2024) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106516 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationParr, M. K., & Botrè, F. (2022) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2021.116517 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
du Toit, T., van Rooyen, D., Stander, M. A., Atkin, S. L., & Swart, A. C. (2020) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122243 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Determination of neurosteroids in human cerebrospinal fluid in the 21st century: A review
Teubel, J., & Parr, M. K. (2020) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105753 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Eisenhofer, G., Durán, C., Chavakis, T., & Cannistraci, C. V. (2019) · Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1016/j.coemr.2019.07.002 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Langer, T., Nicoli, R., Guillarme, D., Schweizer, C., Rudaz, S. L., Grabherr, S., Kuuranne, T., & Musenga, A. (2024) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465224 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Li, W., Huang, J., Zheng, L. P., Liu, W., Fan, L., Sun, B., Su, G., Xu, J., & Zhao, M. (2022) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135000 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Lee, J. H., Jung, E. J., Ham, H. J., Yang, Y. J., Kim, N. S., Kim, H. I., & Baek, S. Y. (2022) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.9334 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Losacco, G. L., Rentsch, M., Plachká, K., Monteau, F., Bichon, E., Bizec, B. L., Nováková, L., Nicoli, R., Kuuranne, T., Veuthey, J., et al. (2020) · Analytical Science Advances · doi:10.1002/ansa.202000131 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Anabolic steroids in livestock production: Background and implications for chemical food safety
Chen, T., Bizec, B. L., & Dervilly, G. (2024) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109420 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Application of SFC for bioanalysis
Joseph, J. F., & Parr, M. K. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820018-6.00005-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Supercritical fluid chromatography for the analysis of antihypertensive Drugs: A short review
Shah, P. A., Shrivastav, P. S., & Sharma, V. S. (2022) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2022.107341 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Li, B. Q., Li, Z. Y., Li, X. K., & Tan, L. F. (2022) · Acta Chromatographica · doi:10.1556/1326.2022.01010 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chen, J., & Lou, C. (2020) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio-2020-0231 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kaleta, M., Oklešťková, J., Klíčová, K., Kvasnica, M., Koníčková, D., Menšíková, K., Strnad, M., & Novák, O. (2024) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00824 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Srivastava, A., Godbole, M. M., & Shrivastava, A. (2022) · Austin Journal of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry · doi:10.26420/austinjanalpharmchem.2022.1150 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Neurosteroids and Translocator Protein (TSPO) in neuroinflammation
Angeloni, E., Germelli, L., Costa, B., Martini, C., & Pozzo, E. D. (2024) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105916 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Whiteley, G. E., Carpinello, O. J., Hill, M. J., & DeCherney, A. H. (2019) · Case Reports in Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.crwh.2019.e00159 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yu, M., Lo, C.-J., Lin, W., Yen, W.-L., Hsieh, Y., Chen, B., & Lo, F. (2025) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2025.343951 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Thomas, N., Ubhayasekera, S. J. K. A., Armstrong, C. W., Huang, K., & Bergquist, J. (2025) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-025-06841-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Steroid determination—Purification of extracts
Honour, J. W. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818124-9.00002-4
Quantitative analysis of steroids
Honour, J. W. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818124-9.00010-3
Lee, B., Huang, C., Chang, C., Chen, G., Huang, J.-Z., Chen, P.-C., Weng, T., Liu, K., Wu, V., Lin, Y.-H., et al. (2025) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2024.2237
Simplification of the Oral Sodium Loading Test: 2-Day Method Replacing 3-Day Method
Li, Z., Zhong, J., Cui, Y., Yu, S., Qiu, L., & Tong, A. (2025) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.021
Supercritical fluid chromatography of lipids
Kozlov, O., & Lísa, M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33469-6.00024-2
Cheng, X., Tang, Y., & Xu, Z. (2026) · Reviews in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1515/revac-2025-0103
- Authors
- Storbeck, K.-H., Gilligan, L., Jenkinson, C., Baranowski, E. S., Quanson, J. L., Arlt, W., & Taylor, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Stellenbosch University (ZA)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Storbeck, Karl-Heinz
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Chromatography B
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 1085
- Pages
- 36-41
- ISSN
- 1570-0232 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2790071962
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Chromatography B (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Academy of Medical Science (NAF004\1002)
- Medical Research Council (G0801473)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry, serum steroid hormones, urinary steroid profiling, clinical research applications
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Steroids, Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
