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Review on biomass feedstocks, pyrolysis mechanism and physicochemical properties of biochar: State-of-the-art framework to speed up vision of circular bioeconomy
Abstract
Abstract The biochar is a solid carbon-rich, porous material produced by the thermochemical conversion of a diverse range of biomass feedstocks under an inert atmosphere (i.e., in the absence of oxygen). We can produce the biochar at all likely scales, ranging from the industrial to the domestic level and even at individual farms, thus, the biochar industry is leading as a most appropriate at different socioeconomic settings. The possibility of sustainable biochar production practices and multi-functionality features make it a promising candidate to fulfill an increasing demand in the fields of soil amendment, agricultural sustainability, environmental protection, cutting-edge materials, and to achieve circular bioeconomy and mitigation of climate change. An available fraction of waste biomass (agroforestry waste, biomass crops, agricultural residues, mill residues, and animal manure, and many more) can be used efficiently in pyrolysis and converted into desired biochar materials, besides this alternative energy products, such as syngas, bio-oil, electricity generation, and process heat. This report emphasizes the fate of biomass composition, pyrolysis mechanisms, and applications of modern analytical and characterization techniques that are being adopted, applied, and standardized to improve understandings of molecular, structural, and surface properties characteristics of biochar. To achieve precisely designed biochar, there is a need to understand the latest advances in biochar materialization mechanisms and structure-application relationships to speed up their agronomic applications and to achieve a zero-waste dream. This report also summarizes a wide range of literature published on feedstocks, pyrolysis, and biochar and suggests several practical recommendations appropriate to implement and bring together specific details on the thermochemical conversion of biomass, desired biochar properties, organic and inorganic phases, and the significance to the agronomic applications.
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“biochar can be produced on many different scales, from large industrial to small household scale, and can also be produced on farmland.228”
From Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality (2021) · cites this paper as [228]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ghodake, G. S., Shinde, S. K., Kadam, A. A., Saratale, R. G., Saratale, G. D., Kumar, M., Palem, R. R., AL-Shwaiman, H. A., Elgorban, A. M., Syed, A., & Kim, D.-Y.
- Affiliations
- Dongguk University (KR)
- King Saud University (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Dae-Young
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Cleaner Production
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 297
- Pages
- 126645
- ISSN
- 0959-6526 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3134957103
- Semantic Scholar
- 682b4b4e982bea4654b1e7614132f27bb16c3d90
- Cited by
- 414
- References
- 633
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 91 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 34
- FWCI
- 21.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Cleaner Production (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University (RG-1440-056)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Keywords
- biochar, biomass feedstock, pyrolysis mechanism, thermochemical conversion, circular bioeconomy, biomass waste valorization, soil amendment, biochar physicochemical properties, climate change mitigation, agroforestry waste, agricultural residues, livestock manure, biochar characterization
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