The DOI matches its Crossref record; 626 of the 633 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Review on biomass feedstocks, pyrolysis mechanism and physicochemical properties of biochar: State-of-the-art framework to speed up vision of circular bioeconomy
Abstract
Abstract The biochar is a solid carbon-rich, porous material produced by the thermochemical conversion of a diverse range of biomass feedstocks under an inert atmosphere (i.e., in the absence of oxygen). We can produce the biochar at all likely scales, ranging from the industrial to the domestic level and even at individual farms, thus, the biochar industry is leading as a most appropriate at different socioeconomic settings. The possibility of sustainable biochar production practices and multi-functionality features make it a promising candidate to fulfill an increasing demand in the fields of soil amendment, agricultural sustainability, environmental protection, cutting-edge materials, and to achieve circular bioeconomy and mitigation of climate change. An available fraction of waste biomass (agroforestry waste, biomass crops, agricultural residues, mill residues, and animal manure, and many more) can be used efficiently in pyrolysis and converted into desired biochar materials, besides this alternative energy products, such as syngas, bio-oil, electricity generation, and process heat. This report emphasizes the fate of biomass composition, pyrolysis mechanisms, and applications of modern analytical and characterization techniques that are being adopted, applied, and standardized to improve understandings of molecular, structural, and surface properties characteristics of biochar. To achieve precisely designed biochar, there is a need to understand the latest advances in biochar materialization mechanisms and structure-application relationships to speed up their agronomic applications and to achieve a zero-waste dream. This report also summarizes a wide range of literature published on feedstocks, pyrolysis, and biochar and suggests several practical recommendations appropriate to implement and bring together specific details on the thermochemical conversion of biomass, desired biochar properties, organic and inorganic phases, and the significance to the agronomic applications.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“biochar can be produced on many different scales, from large industrial to small household scale, and can also be produced on farmland.228”
From Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality (2021) · cites this paper as [228]
Citations
Cites
Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for Bio-oil: A Critical Review
Mohan, D., Pittman, C. U., & Steele, P. H. (2006) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef0502397 · Cited by 5,663
Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading
Bridgwater, A. V. (2012) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.048 · Cited by 4,856
Dynamic Molecular Structure of Plant Biomass-Derived Black Carbon (Biochar)
Keiluweit, M., Nico, P. S., Johnson, M. G., & Kleber, M. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es9031419 · Cited by 3,230
A review of renewable energy sources, sustainability issues and climate change mitigation
Owusu, P. A., & Sarkodie, S. A. (2016) · Cogent Engineering · doi:10.1080/23311916.2016.1167990 · Cited by 3,032
Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects
Tomczyk, A., Sokołowska, Z., & Boguta, P. (2020) · Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology · doi:10.1007/s11157-020-09523-3 · Cited by 2,948
Overview of Applications of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil
Czernik, S., & Bridgwater, A. (2004) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef034067u · Cited by 2,880
Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change
Woolf, D., Amonette, J. E., Street-Perrott, F. A., Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (2010) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1053 · Cited by 2,680
Preparation, modification and environmental application of biochar: A review
Wang, J., & Wang, S. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.282 · Cited by 2,345
Mourdikoudis, S., Pallares, R. M., & Thanh, N. T. K. (2018) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c8nr02278j · Cited by 2,328
Atkinson, C. J., Fitzgerald, J. D., & Hipps, N. A. (2010) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0464-5 · Cited by 2,154
Flagged first, then by citations
7 of the 633 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Ben, 2019, vol. 11
- Ghorbel, 2015, vol. 38, 164
- Gollakota, 2018, A review on hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass. Renew. Sustain, Energy Rev., 81, 1378
- Mašek, 2020, Biochar characterization methods, Biochar, IOP Publishing
- Song, 2004, Effect of temperature on the gas yield from flash pyrolysis of bituminous coals, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 10, 460
- Uchimiya, 2012, Retention of heavy metals by carboxyl functional groups of biochars in small arms range soil, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 60, 1798, 10.1021/jf2047898 · DOI · Paper page
- Yousuf, 2020, Chapter 1-Fundamentals of lignocellulosic biomass, 1
- Zhu, 2015, Mechanism of hydroxyl radical generation from biochar suspensions: implications to diethyl phthalate degradation, Bioresour. Technol, 176, 210, 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.032 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–417 of 417
Singh, J., & Verma, M. (2026) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d6ra02626e
Chen, K., Yan, B., Zhu, L. C., Yang, F., & Dong, Q. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2026.179213
Bhattacharyya, P. N., Paul, B., Sarma, B., Al‐Ani, L. K. T., Handique, L., Gogoi, P., Sarma, R. K., & Dastagir, M. R. (2026) · Nanotechnology in the life sciences · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-2405-0_4
Advances on Preparation and Applications of Biochar and Its Nanocomposite Materials
Saikia, P., Hasnu, J., & Bhattacharjee, C. R. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-19855-6_11
Chen, H., Bai, Y., Zhang, S., Cao, Y., Zhang, X., & Liu, Q. (2026) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2026.117341
Wei, Y., Wang, X., Yu, W., Lu, X., Liao, L., & Su, L. (2026) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2026.126288
Biochar gasification for syngas production: New insights and emerging perspectives
Ahmad, R., Ilyas, H. N., Sultan, M. A., Hayat, W., Abbas, A., Jin, S., Zhao, X., Li, S., Chen, P., & Li, G. (2026) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2026.108063
Zhang, J., Ke, L., Ouyang, H., Wu, Q., Zeng, Y., Zhang, Q., Dai, L., Zou, R., Ruan, R. R., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.124192
Bhatia, T., Mehta, S., & Sindhu, S. S. (2026) · Discover Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s44279-026-00726-w
Salem, H. M., Li, T., & Zhang, Y. (2026) · Restoration Ecology · doi:10.1111/rec.70543
Brand, M. A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-44992-5.00011-4
Zhang, M.-D., Yao, Y.-C., Zhao, X., Li, J., & Zhang, F.-L. (2026) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology15181644
A review of the impact of biochar on the soil-plant system and pollutant mitigation
Thapa, S., Rawal, S., Chapagaee, P., Adhikari, S., Rai, N., Zhang, Y., & Omara, P. (2026) · CABI Reviews · doi:10.1079/cabireviews.2026.0043
Co-firing of upgraded biomass towards flexible CO2 reduction for coal-fired power plants in China
Ahmad, M. B., Yi, B., Deng, J., Liang, C., Shao, K., Embaye, T. M., Rahman, Z. U., Bukhsh, K., Dai, G., Zhang, J., et al. (2026) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2026.141344
Núñez, P. J. S., Karim, A. A., Chafi, S., Cuevas-Aranda, M., & Cartas, M. L. M. (2026) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2026.108188
Dadi, S., Nouri, H., Ledesma, B., Román, S., Jellali, S., Jeguirim, M., & Guiza, M. (2026) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics14100926
Batta, N., Ponce, S. A. P., Moreira, C. M., & Berruti, F. (2026) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.124593
Metadata
- Authors
- Ghodake, G. S., Shinde, S. K., Kadam, A. A., Saratale, R. G., Saratale, G. D., Kumar, M., Palem, R. R., AL-Shwaiman, H. A., Elgorban, A. M., Syed, A., & Kim, D.-Y.
- Affiliations
- Dongguk University (KR)
- King Saud University (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Dae-Young
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Cleaner Production
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 297
- Pages
- 126645
- ISSN
- 0959-6526 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3134957103
- Semantic Scholar
- 682b4b4e982bea4654b1e7614132f27bb16c3d90
- Cited by
- 414
- References
- 633
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 91 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 34
- FWCI
- 21.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Cleaner Production (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University (RG-1440-056)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Keywords
- biochar, biomass feedstock, pyrolysis mechanism, thermochemical conversion, circular bioeconomy, biomass waste valorization, soil amendment, biochar physicochemical properties, climate change mitigation, agroforestry waste, agricultural residues, livestock manure, biochar characterization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
