Cited by 894Chronic Disease Management StrategiesHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifeHealthcare Policy and Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Charlson comorbidity index is adapted to predict costs of chronic disease in primary care patients

Charlson, Mary E., Charlson, Robert E., Peterson, Janey C., Marinopoulos, Spyridon S., Briggs, William M., Hollenberg, James P.·2008·Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

DOI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.01.006

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective (1) To determine chronic illness costs for large cohort of primary care patients, (2) to develop prospective model predicting total costs over one year, using demographic and clinical information including widely used comorbidity index.Study design and setting Data including diagnostic, medication, and resource utilization were obtained for 5,861 patients from practice-based computer system over a 1-year period beginning December 1, 1993, for retrospective analysis. Hospital cost data were obtained from hospital cost accounting system.Results Average annual per patient cost was $2,655. Older patients and those with Medicare or Medicaid had higher costs. Hospital costs were $1,558, accounting for 58.7% of total costs. In the predictive model, individuals with higher comorbidity incurred exponentially higher annual costs, from $4,317 with comorbidity score of two, to $5,986 with score of three, to $13,326 with scores greater than seven. To use an adapted comorbidity index to predict total yearly costs, four conditions should be added to the index: hypertension, depression, and use of warfarin with a weight of one, skin ulcers/cellulitis, a weight of two.Conclusion The adapted comorbidity index can be used to predict resource utilization. Predictive models may help to identify targets for reducing high costs, by prospectively identifying those at high risk.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.01.006

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,893
A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation
Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8 · Cited by 49,742
Self-citation
Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases
DEYO, R. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90133-8 · Cited by 10,452
Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2002
American Diabetes Association (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.917 · Cited by 4,147
Prevalence, Expenditures, and Complications of Multiple Chronic Conditions in the Elderly
Wolff, J. L., Starfield, B. H., & Anderson, G. F. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.20.2269 · Cited by 2,237
Reimbursing Health Plans and Health Providers: Efficiency in Production versus Selection
Newhouse, J. P. (1996) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 565
Health care costs associated with depressive and anxiety disorders in primary care
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.3.352 · Cited by 555
Increased Medical Costs of a Population-Based Sample of Depressed Elderly Patients
Katon, W. J., Lin, E. H. B., Russo, J. E., & Unützer, J. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.9.897 · Cited by 500
The Growing Burden of Chronic Disease in America
Anderson, G. F., & Horvath, J. (2004) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.005 · Cited by 494
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations: inequalities in rates between US socioeconomic groups.
Pappas, G., Hadden, W. C., Kozak, L. J., & Fisher, G. F. (1997) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.87.5.811 · Cited by 399

Show all 38 references

Sorted by citations

Items 801–891 of 891

Racial disparities in healthcare utilization and costs in pharmacologically treated medicaid enrollees with developmental disabilities and Type 2 diabetes
Patel, I., Erickson, S. R., Caldwell, C. H., Woolford, S. J., Bagozzi, R. P., Chang, J., & Balkrishnan, R. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes Metabolic Disorders & Control · doi:10.15406/jdmdc.2022.09.00237
Valoración e indicaciones quirúrgicas: cirugía separación
Caparrós, S. F., Aguilar, F. R. D. T., Luján, M. Á. M., & Castro, J. A. G. (2023) · Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología · doi:10.1016/j.recot.2023.04.004
Impact of a sepsis tracking sheet and emergency department pharmacists on sepsis compliance measures: a prospective emergency department analysis
Gill, H. S., Lincoln, S., Tucker, J., Northey, J., Esteves, A. M., & Morrell, T. D. (2023) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-023-03351-3
“Two main indices were manually calculated for each patient: Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score [13] (qSOFA) and Charlson co-morbidity index [14] (CCI).”
Method
[Translated article] Preoperative assessment and surgical indications: Separation surgery
Caparrós, S. F., Aguilar, F. R. D. T., Luján, M. Á. M., & Castro, J. A. G. (2023) · Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología · doi:10.1016/j.recot.2023.08.002
Comorbid health conditions and their impact on social isolation, loneliness, quality of life, and well-being in people with dementia: longitudinal findings from the IDEAL programmePreprint
Sabatini, S., Martyr, A., Hunt, A., Gamble, L. D., Matthews, F. E., Thom, J. M., Jones, R. W., Allan, L. M., Knapp, M. R. J., Victor, C. R., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3218267/v1
A path analysis model of mobility among persons with hip fracture after surgery
Yoryuenyong, C., Jitpanya, C., & Sasat, S. (2022) · Chula Digiverse · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2022.265
Validating Hepatectomy Eligibility Criteria for Super Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Koizumi, S., Otsubo, T., Kobayashi, S., Tsuchihashi, A., & Ida, K. (2023) · Journal of St Marianna University · doi:10.17264/stmarieng.14.81
Organizational profiles and personal factors affecting Health-related quality of life among older persons diagnosed with depressive disorders: path analysis and GEEPreprint
Mulalint, 1. T., Seeherunwong, 2. A., Tongsai, 3. S., & Wanitkun, 4. N. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4108211/v1
Pain education research: Advances, innovations, and challenges
(2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-4792-2
The association between triglyceride-glucose atherogenic predictor index and central retinal artery occlusion
Katipoğlu, Z., & Turan, M. (2024) · Çukurova medical journal (Online)/Çukurova medical journal · doi:10.17826/cumj.1492273
“The modified Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score was used to assess comorbid disease burden 10-12 .”
Asthma is risk factor for complication after lung resection in older patients with non-small cell lung cancer associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective studyPreprint
Iijima, Y., Mizoguchi, T., Ishikawa, M., Iwai, S., Motono, N., & Uramoto, H. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4945929/v1
Longitudinal Insights into Comorbidity Patterns and Burden Among Middle-Aged and Older Adult with Diabetes in China: A 9-Year Cohort Study Using CharlsPreprint
Tang, H., Li, M., Zheng, H., Zhou, Y., & Liu, X. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5062728
Clinical predictors of survival for elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Lai, K.-M., Tsai, C., & Yan, S. (2025) · Advances in digestive medicine · doi:10.1002/aid2.13423
Observational study on the weekend effect and its possible influence on the prognosis of patients with non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding
Valles, A., García, L., & Romagosa, R. C. (2025) · Endoscopy · doi:10.1055/s-0045-1805162
Effectiveness of a Simplified Checklist to Overcome the Inertia of Treatment Implementation in ACS Patients with High Comorbidity Burden
Fang, J. X., Chan, Y., Almarzooq, Z., Lam, C.-C., Wong, Y.-T. A., Tun, H. N., Yiu, K. H., Tse, H., Chan, H.-W., & Tam, C.-C. F. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14072469
“The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) [16] was calculated and divided into patient tertiles, with tertile 1 being lowest CCI and tertile 3 being the highest.”
Prevalencia de tuberculosis en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en Morelia, Michoacan
Padilla, R. O., Aguilera, H. S. M., Pérez, M. C., & Macias, C. J. M. (2025) · South Florida Journal of Development · doi:10.46932/sfjdv6n5-062
Associations of objective and perceived social status with well-being in dyads of people with dementia and their caregivers: findings from the IDEAL programme
Wu, Y., Gamble, L. D., Jones, I. R., Martyr, A., Clare, L., Matthews, F. E., & On behalf of the IDEAL programme team (2025) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-025-02933-0
“Number of chronic health conditions was assessed with the Charlson Co-morbidity Index [35].”
Feasibility of Adjuvant Radiotherapy or Chemoradiation for Elderly Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, and Its Correlation with Different Comorbidity Scores: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Suess, C., Hipp, M., Ettl, T., Künzel, J., Maurer, J., Ratzisberger, A., Baier, F., Steger, F., Koelbl, O., & Hautmann, M. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17142283
Low appetite, assessed by the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire, is associated with a reduced likelihood of residing at home after hospitalization: A prospective one-year study on older patients with comorbidities
Cho, J. M., Ha, S. W., Jung, J., & Kim, H. J. (2025) · Science Progress · doi:10.1177/00368504251364949
“28 The Barthel ADL index is a tool used to assess a person ’ s ability to perform basic self-care tasks and evaluate their level of independence.”
A prospective outcomes and cost-effective analysis of surgery compared to stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer
Kennedy, A. S., Egloff, S. A. A., Martin, C. G., Gilmore, D. M., Garwood, S., Baxter, T. M., Spigel, D. R., Johnson, M. L., Randolph, D. M., Chollet-Lipscomb, C., et al. (2025) · Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13014-025-02699-4
“The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was calculated according to established literature using International Classification of Diseases 10th revision codes (ICD-10-CM), excluding the primary lung cancer diagnosis [13].”
Effectiveness of oxaliplatin-based second-line therapy following cetuximab+FOLFIRI or bevacizumab+FOLFIRI in KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer without primary tumor resection
Su, Y., Su, C., Lee, P., & Wu, C. (2025) · Annals of Coloproctology · doi:10.3393/ac.2025.00087.0012
“…size, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) status, bowel obstruction, bowel perforation, radiotherapy, metas-tasectomy type, surgical status prior to the index date, and Charl-son Comorbidity Index score (using corresponding ICD 9th and 10th Revision data) [13, 14] recorded 1 year before the index date.”
The access to colorectal cancer screening in Thai average-risk population: a situational study
Phamornpon, S., Tankumpuan, T., Utriyaprasit, K., & Iramaneerat, C. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13435-9
“The total score ranged from 0 to 42 points, with a higher score indicating higher severity comorbidities [38].”
ปจจยทำนายความรนแรงของภาวะแทรกซอนภายหลงผาตดในผปวยทไดรบการผาตดมะเรงลำไสใหญและทวารหนก
ศรีนารอด, อ., ศิริโหราชัย, ร., วาณิชย์กุล, น., & ไอรมณีรัตน์, เ. (2025) · Thai Red Cross Nursing Journal · doi:10.64767/trcn.2025.271404
Choosing informative priors in Bayesian regression models: a simulation study and tutorial using Stan and R
Lüdecke, D., Makowski, A. C., Klein, J., Ben-Shachar, M. S., & Makowski, D. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1856582
“These encompassed age, gender, length of hospital stay, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; Charlson et al., 2008), and patients’ functional and cognitive status.”
Diet and Lifestyle Quality in Australian Females with Endometrial Cancer at Diagnosis: Insights from the Fertility-sparing Management for Early Endometrial Cancer (FeMMe) Trial
Ramadhani, R. A., Janda, M., Playdon, M. C., & Obermair, A. (2025) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107572
“…using questionnaires and included information on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history including comorbidities used to calculate the Charlson Comorbidity Index [20], QoL, and health behavioral data, as well as objectively measured height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences.”
Comparative effectiveness of manual therapy and band exercises combined with high-intensity walking for pain, posture, and cardiorespiratory health in older adults: a randomised clinical trial
Arnal‐Gómez, A., Fuentes‐Aparicio, L., Marqués‐Sulé, E., Monzani, L., Cogollos-de-la-Peña, R., Pavlů, D., & Espí‐López, G. V. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1654670
Urban-rural disparity: temporal trends in dementia prevalence and the impact of demographic transition in Taiwan (2000–2020)
Hsiao, C., Liu, C., Hsieh, S., Chen, H., Yang, Y., & Hsieh, H. (2025) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbaf218
Valoración de la distribución de la grasa corporal mediante ecografía como factor de riesgo de mortalidad y reingreso en pacientes hospitalizados por sepsis
Rabasa, J. T. A., Ribes, I., Ronda, E., & Algado-Sellés, N. (2025) · Revista Clínica Española · doi:10.1016/j.rce.2025.502369
Measures of Comorbidities and Frailty in Multiple Sclerosis—Systematic Review on Evidence and Applicability of Utilized Scoring Systems in Clinical Routine and Real‐World Data
Aicher, M. L., Föttinger, F., Hoepner, R., Chan, A., Berger, T., & Bsteh, G. (2025) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.70425
Assessment of the Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition Among Adult and Elderly Patients Hospitalized at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital, West Cameroon
Fotsing, F. S., Tazoho, G. M., Yemdje, R., Tachoum, J. R. M., Bossi, D. S. D., Gouado, I., Ngoufack, F. Z., & Womeni, H. (2025) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.71664
Evaluación de la calidad de vida sexual en pacientes con artritis psoriásica y validación al español del cuestionario QualipsoSex
Correa, M. D. L. Á., Isnardi, C. A., Luna, G. A., Barbich, T., Abarza, V. C., Citera, G., & Schneeberger, E. E. (2025) · Reumatología Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502038
Additional file 1 of Burden of schizophrenia among Japanese patients: a cross-sectional National Health and Wellness Survey
Baba, K., Guo, W., Chen, Y., Nosaka, T., & Kato, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20098667
Additional file 2 of Inferring the role of the microbiome on survival in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: causal modeling, timing, and classes of concomitant medications
Spakowicz, D. J., Hoyd, R., Muniak, M., Husain, M., Bassett, J. S., Wang, L., Tinoco, G., Patel, S. H., Burkart, J. T., Miah, A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12262949
Additional file 3 of Comparison of diagnosis-based risk adjustment methods for episode-based costs to apply in efficiency measurement
Kim, J., Ock, M., Oh, I.-H., Jo, M.-W., Kim, Y., Lee, M.-S., & Lee, S.-I. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26648328
Additional file 6 of Comparison of diagnosis-based risk adjustment methods for episode-based costs to apply in efficiency measurement
Kim, J., Ock, M., Oh, I.-H., Jo, M.-W., Kim, Y., Lee, M.-S., & Lee, S.-I. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26648337
Additional file 1 of Burden in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, depression, dementia, and stroke in Japan: comparative analysis of quality of life, work productivity, and qualitative caregiving burden
Kojima, Y., Yamada, S., Kamijima, K., Kogushi, K., & Ikeda, S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26945229
Additional file 5 of Comparison of diagnosis-based risk adjustment methods for episode-based costs to apply in efficiency measurement
Kim, J., Ock, M., Oh, I.-H., Jo, M.-W., Kim, Y., Lee, M.-S., & Lee, S.-I. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26648334
Additional file 1 of Impact of socioeconomic status on end-of-life costs: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yu, C. W., Alavinia, M., & Alter, D. A. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12023400
Additional file 9 of Delayed surgery is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with hip fracture undergoing hip arthroplasty
Liu, S., Qiang, L., Yang, Q., Fan, L., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Shi, Z., & Li, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26582069
Additional file 7 of Delayed surgery is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with hip fracture undergoing hip arthroplasty
Liu, S., Qiang, L., Yang, Q., Fan, L., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Shi, Z., & Li, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26582063
Additional file 1 of Characteristics of people living with undiagnosed dementia: findings from the CFAS Wales study
Gamble, L. D., Matthews, F. E., Jones, I. R., Hillman, A. E., Woods, B. T., Macleod, C. A., Martyr, A., Collins, R., Pentecost, C., Rusted, J. M., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19745697
Additional file 8 of Delayed surgery is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with hip fracture undergoing hip arthroplasty
Liu, S., Qiang, L., Yang, Q., Fan, L., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Shi, Z., & Li, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26582066
Additional file 1 of Comparison of diagnosis-based risk adjustment methods for episode-based costs to apply in efficiency measurement
Kim, J., Ock, M., Oh, I.-H., Jo, M.-W., Kim, Y., Lee, M.-S., & Lee, S.-I. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24715480
Additional file 1 of Posttraumatic stress disorder and the risk of erectile dysfunction: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan
Wang, S.-C., Chien, W.-C., Chung, C.-H., Tzeng, N.-S., & Liu, Y.-P. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16696383
Additional file 2 of Burden of migraine among Japanese patients: a cross-sectional National Health and Wellness Survey
Kikui, S., Chen, Y., Todaka, H., Asao, K., Adachi, K., & Takeshima, T. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12940252
Additional file 1 of Comorbid health conditions and their impact on social isolation, loneliness, quality of life, and well-being in people with dementia: longitudinal findings from the IDEAL programme
Sabatini, S., Martyr, A., Hunt, A., Gamble, L. D., Matthews, F. E., Thom, J. M., Jones, R. W., Allan, L., Knapp, M. R. J., Victor, C., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24953208
Additional file 1 of First insights on value-based healthcare of elders using ICHOM older person standard set reporting
Lee, W.-J., Peng, L.-N., Cc, L., Lin, S.-Z., Loh, C.-H., Kao, S.-L., Hung, T.-S., Chang, C.-Y., Huang, C.-F., Tang, T.-C., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12936299
Additional file 2 of Burden of schizophrenia among Japanese patients: a cross-sectional National Health and Wellness Survey
Baba, K., Guo, W., Chen, Y., Nosaka, T., & Kato, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20098670
Additional file 1 of Improved access to and continuity of primary care after attachment to a family physician: longitudinal cohort study on centralized waiting lists for unattached patients in Quebec, Canada
Smithman, M. A., Haggerty, J. L., Gaboury, I., & Breton, M. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21151186
Additional file 2 of Delayed surgery is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with hip fracture undergoing hip arthroplasty
Liu, S., Qiang, L., Yang, Q., Fan, L., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Shi, Z., & Li, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26582048
Additional file 4 of Delayed surgery is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with hip fracture undergoing hip arthroplasty
Liu, S., Qiang, L., Yang, Q., Fan, L., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Shi, Z., & Li, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26582054
Additional file 3 of Delayed surgery is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with hip fracture undergoing hip arthroplasty
Liu, S., Qiang, L., Yang, Q., Fan, L., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Shi, Z., & Li, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26582051
Additional file 6 of Delayed surgery is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with hip fracture undergoing hip arthroplasty
Liu, S., Qiang, L., Yang, Q., Fan, L., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Shi, Z., & Li, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26582060
Additional file 4 of Burden of migraine among Japanese patients: a cross-sectional National Health and Wellness Survey
Kikui, S., Chen, Y., Todaka, H., Asao, K., Adachi, K., & Takeshima, T. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12940258
Additional file 1 of Burden of migraine among Japanese patients: a cross-sectional National Health and Wellness Survey
Kikui, S., Chen, Y., Todaka, H., Asao, K., Adachi, K., & Takeshima, T. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12940249
Additional file 1 of Inferring the role of the microbiome on survival in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: causal modeling, timing, and classes of concomitant medications
Spakowicz, D. J., Hoyd, R., Muniak, M., Husain, M., Bassett, J. S., Wang, L., Tinoco, G., Patel, S. H., Burkart, J. T., Miah, A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12262943
Additional file 1 of Item distribution, scalability and internal consistency of the QUALIDEM quality of life assessment for patients with dementia in acute hospital settings
Lüdecke, D., Dichter, M., Nickel, S., & Kofahl, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26565267
Additional file 1 of Using health administrative data to model associations and predict hospital admissions and length of stay for people with eating disorders
Kim, M., Holton, M., Sweeting, A., Koreshe, E., McGeechan, K., & Miskovic‐Wheatley, J. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22800044
Additional file 2 of Comparison of diagnosis-based risk adjustment methods for episode-based costs to apply in efficiency measurement
Kim, J., Ock, M., Oh, I.-H., Jo, M.-W., Kim, Y., Lee, M.-S., & Lee, S.-I. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24715549
Additional file 3 of Burden of migraine among Japanese patients: a cross-sectional National Health and Wellness Survey
Kikui, S., Chen, Y., Todaka, H., Asao, K., Adachi, K., & Takeshima, T. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12940255
Additional file 4 of Comparison of diagnosis-based risk adjustment methods for episode-based costs to apply in efficiency measurement
Kim, J., Ock, M., Oh, I.-H., Jo, M.-W., Kim, Y., Lee, M.-S., & Lee, S.-I. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26648331
Additional file 1 of Attitudes toward own aging and cognition among individuals living with and without dementia: findings from the IDEAL programme and the PROTECT study
Sabatini, S., Martyr, A., Ukoumunne, O. C., Ballard, C. G., Collins, R., Pentecost, C., Rusted, J. M., Quinn, C., Anstey, K. J., Kim, S., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20438520
Additional file 2 of Impact of socioeconomic status on end-of-life costs: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yu, C. W., Alavinia, M., & Alter, D. A. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12023406
Additional file 1 of Delayed surgery is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with hip fracture undergoing hip arthroplasty
Liu, S., Qiang, L., Yang, Q., Fan, L., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Shi, Z., & Li, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26582045
Additional file 5 of Delayed surgery is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with hip fracture undergoing hip arthroplasty
Liu, S., Qiang, L., Yang, Q., Fan, L., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Shi, Z., & Li, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26582057
Additional file 1 of Health conditions in spousal caregivers of people with dementia and their relationships with stress, caregiving experiences, and social networks: longitudinal findings from the IDEAL programme
Sabatini, S., Martyr, A., Hunt, A., Gamble, L. D., Matthews, F. E., Thom, J. M., Jones, R. W., Allan, L., Knapp, M. R. J., Quinn, C., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26682568
More severe natural course of Crohn’s disease in Yunnan province compared with Asian and Western countries
Tao, Y., Li, M., Li, H., Sun, Z., Wu, J., Yang, L., Ma, Y., Chen, X., Chen, L., Liang, H., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1007/s00384-025-05054-x
“Comorbidity was assessed through the Charlson comorbidity index [12].”
Assessment of sexual quality of life in patients with psoriatic arthritis and validation of the QualipsoSex questionnaire in Spanish
Correa, M. D. L. Á., Isnardi, C. A., Luna, G. A., Barbich, T., Abarza, V. C., Citera, G., & Schneeberger, E. E. (2026) · Reumatología Clínica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.reumae.2025.502038
Healthcare inequity among people with dementia in Gipuzkoa: a retrospective cross-sectional population-based study
Mar, J., Merino, M., Soto‐Gordoa, M., Ibarrondo, O., & Olaskoaga, L. Z. (2026) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102563
The role of health, sociodemographic, and care delivery factors in timely completion of colonoscopy in a US-based primary care population: a retrospective analysis
Salant, T., Zhang, C., DesRoches, C. M., Phillips, R. S., & Fernández, L. (2026) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-026-04612-z
“…or less were categorized as “high school or below”, and all others as “greater than high school.” d. Depression was defined using ICD-10 codes (F32.xx-F33.xx) e. Charlson Co-morbidity Index [25] was calculated from billing diagnoses for all encounters within 2 years of the index referral date.”
Moderated Mediation Among Subjective Cognition, Community Participation, Depression, and Comorbidities of Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Lee, Y., Park, S., & Connor, L. T. (2026) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2026.051258
“We used the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to assess self-reported medical comorbidities (Bannay et al., 2016; Charlson et al., 2008; Roffman et al., 2016).”
Bias-Reduced Estimation of Finite Mixtures: An Application to Latent Group Structures in Panel DataPreprint
Langevin, R. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6221203
Latent profiles of frailty in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy: a cross-sectional study
Pu, X., Ju, M., Han, X., Ma, W., Wang, L., & Wang, T. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108357
“35 It primarily consists of seven dimensions, including daytime Open access dysfunction, sedative medication use, sleep disturbances, sleep duration, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency and sleep efficiency.”
Effectiveness of primary tumor resection for survival after first-line cetuximab or bevacizumab in KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer treated with subsequent trifluridine/tipiracil or regorafenib
CHEN, Y.-H., Wu, C., Su, C., Lee, P.-T., & Su, Y. (2026) · Annals of Coloproctology · doi:10.3393/ac.2025.00759.0108
“ICD-9) [13, 14] and ICD-10 codes recorded within 1 year before the index date.”
The Impact of Sensory Impairment on Involuntary Retirement: A 16-year Follow-up Study on National Representative Aging
Kim, J., & Lee, W. (2026) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000003709
Impact économique des prescriptions médicamenteuses potentiellement inappropriées chez les patients âgés
Pagès, A. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d5251ba8z927cz4929zae2bz0d2efcb564c4
Synergistic effects of diabetic neuropathy and kidney function decline on second metatarsal skeletal health and foot function: a pilot study
Cheuy, V. A., Sadoughi, S., Moon, H., Ellis, J., Gross, R., Sinacore, D. R., Hastings, M. K., Souza, R. B., & Kazakia, G. J. (2026) · JBMR Plus · doi:10.1093/jbmrpl/ziag058
Comparative outcomes and clinic utilization of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in integrated health care in Taiwan
Ho, S.-C., Hsieh, C., Lo, L.-C., & Lin, J.-G. (2026) · Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2026.06.001
Impact of preoperative radiotherapy on the risk of postpancreatectomy haemorrhage and major morbidity after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma including arterial divestment or arterial resection
Stoop, T. F., Land, F. R. V. ‘., Seelen, L. W. F., Ali, M., Sultan, A., Javed, A. A., van Eijck, C. H. J., Thiels, C. A., Hewitt, D. B., Sparrelid, E., et al. (2026) · BJS Open · doi:10.1093/bjsopen/zrag058
“Co-morbidities were defined following the Charlson co-morbidity index definitions 24 .”
Stage-Specific Comparative Effectiveness of Diverting Stoma as a Bridge to Surgery Versus Emergency Resection for Obstructive Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Target Trial EmulationPreprint
Wu, C. J., Wu, C., Kuo, H., & Su, Y. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10428452/v1
Assessing comorbidities and predicting risk
Vessey, J. A., Strout, T. D., & DiFazio, R. L. (2026) · The Nurse Practitioner · doi:10.1097/01.npr.0000000000000472
Real-World Effectiveness, Safety, and 36-Month Persistence of Upadacitinib in Elderly Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: The 3–6 Month Critical Window and the Role of Early Itch Response and Psychotropic Medication Use
Wang, Y., Chen, X., Wang, Y., Zhu, J., Zhang, B., Kong, D., Tian, Y., Yu, T., Yu, H., Zhu, K., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15176593
“Comorbidity burden was quantified using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), calculated according to the updated methodology [11].”
Real-world adherence and healthcare resource utilization following transition to aripiprazole once-every-2-months from oral or once-monthly aripiprazole among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in the United States
Harrsen, K., Yildirim, M., Beckham, C., Lynum, K. S. B., Atkins, N., Baser, O., Rodchenko, K., Urganus, A., Awasthi, S., & Nag, S. S. (2026) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2026.2722697
“Baseline comorbidity burden was assessed for a 12-month baseline period using three established indices, namely the Chronic Disease Score 47 , Elixhauser Index 48 , and an updated Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) 49,50 .”
Influential
Clinical profiles and predictors of emergency department length of stay in super-elderly patients: A retrospective study of 1313 cases
Wu, Z., Lin, Q., Gao, G., Zhang, Y., Liao, Z., & Duan, M. (2026) · Aging Research · doi:10.26599/agr.2026.9340081
Real-world adherence, healthcare resource utilization, and costs following a transition to aripiprazole once every 2 months among patients diagnosed with bipolar I disorder in the United States
Nag, S. S., Urganus, A., Lynum, K. S. B., Atkins, N., Baser, O., Rodchenko, K., Awasthi, S., & Harrsen, K. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1904737
“…was assessed using established tools: the Chronic Disease Score (31); the Elixhauser comorbidity measure (32); and the updated version of the Charlson Comorbidity Index, which uses ICD-10-CM codes and weighted medical condition categories to capture both inpatient and outpatient diagnoses (33, 34).”
Development and Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Model for Predicting Frailty Risk in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing RadiotherapyPreprint
Deng, T., Xiaolan, P., Yuling, W., & Ma, W. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10508712/v1
Spaced retrieval practice improves the uptake of and intention to use personal neuropsychological assessment feedback: a randomized cognitive experiment in a sample of older black and white veterans
Webber, T. A., Woods, S. P., Kellogg, E. J., Do, C., Gomez, E. M., Yuen, M. S., Christensen, A. A., Norman, M. A., & Pastorek, N. J. (2026) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acag066
Derivation and Validation of Charlson, Elixhauser and RxRisk Cost-Based Comorbidity Indices: A Register-Based Study of 350,000 Individuals Over 11 Years
Nystrand, C., Johansson, N., & Blom, J. (2026) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.1007/s40273-026-01652-x
Heterogeneous Cost Patterns of Episodic Recurrent Vestibular Vertigo in the Medicare Population: A Case-Control Economic Evaluation
Kayekjian, D., Nassar, S. I., Simpson, K. N., Johnson, J. M., & Rizk, H. G. (2026) · Ear Nose & Throat Journal · doi:10.1177/01455613261493773
Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Transcutaneous Afferent Patterned Stimulation for Essential Tremor
Dai, D., Lu, C., Rosenbluth, K. H., & Fernandes, J. (2026) · Journal of health economics and outcomes research · doi:10.36469/jheor.2026.170793
Sickness Absence and Record Linkage Using Primary Healthcare, Hospital and Occupational Databases
Gili‐Miner, M., Cabanillas-Moruno, J. L., & Ramírez-Ramírez, G. (2015) · Studies in big data · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11056-1_10

Authors: Charlson, M. E., Charlson, R. E., Peterson, J. C., Marinopoulos, S. S., Briggs, W. M., & Hollenberg, J. P.
Affiliations: Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
Yale New Haven Hospital (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Central Michigan University (US)
Corresponding author: Charlson, Mary E.
ORCID: Charlson, Mary E.
Marinopoulos, Spyridon S.
Briggs, William M.
Venue: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-12
Volume: 61
Issue: 12
Pages: 1234-1240
ISSN: 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.01.006
OpenAlex: W2110548428
Cited by: 894
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 35 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 9.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Healthcare Policy and Management
Keywords: Charlson Comorbidity Index, chronic disease costs, health care costs, primary care patients, cost prediction model, hospital costs, resource utilization (health care), hypertension, depression, warfarin, skin ulcers, cellulitis, Medicare and Medicaid, elderly patients
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Disease, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Health Resources, Health Services Research, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New York City, Primary Health Care, Prognosis, Drug Costs, Health Care Costs, Hospital Costs, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Charlson comorbidity index is adapted to predict costs of chronic disease in primary care patients

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks