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The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) developed and tested its first wave of adult self-reported health outcome item banks: 2005–2008
Open accessAbstract
Objectives Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are essential when evaluating many new treatments in health care; yet, current measures have been limited by a lack of precision, standardization, and comparability of scores across studies and diseases. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) provides item banks that offer the potential for efficient (minimizes item number without compromising reliability), flexible (enables optional use of interchangeable items), and precise (has minimal error in estimate) measurement of commonly studied PROs. We report results from the first large-scale testing of PROMIS items.Study design and setting Fourteen item pools were tested in the U.S. general population and clinical groups using an online panel and clinic recruitment. A scale-setting subsample was created reflecting demographics proportional to the 2000 U.S. census.Results Using item-response theory (graded response model), 11 item banks were calibrated on a sample of 21,133, measuring components of self-reported physical, mental, and social health, along with a 10-item Global Health Scale. Short forms from each bank were developed and compared with the overall bank and with other well-validated and widely accepted ("legacy") measures. All item banks demonstrated good reliability across most of the score distributions. Construct validity was supported by moderate to strong correlations with legacy measures.Conclusion PROMIS item banks and their short forms provide evidence that they are reliable and precise measures of generic symptoms and functional reports comparable to legacy instruments. Further testing will continue to validate and test PROMIS items and banks in diverse clinical populations.
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“Anxiety, pain, and depression were assessed using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), Anxiety Short Form 8a (PROMIS-ASF), Pain Interference Short Form (PROMIS-PISF), and Depression Short Form 8a (PROMIS-DSF) 36.”
From Effects of a trauma-informed mindful recovery program on comorbid pain, anxiety, and substance use during primary care buprenorphine treatment: A proof-of-concept study (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
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“PROMIS has excellent psychometric properties superior to many other measures available to assess emotional functioning [61].”
From Online parent-targeted cognitive-behavioural therapy intervention to improve quality of life in families of young cancer survivors: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [61]
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“Scales with four, six, and eight items (short forms) were developed from item banks using item response theory and validated in general and chronic illness populations [28, 29].”
From Feasibility and Acceptability of an Abbreviated, Four-Week Mindfulness Program for Chronic Pain Management. (2020) · cites this paper as [28]
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“These measures have undergone rigorous reliability and validity testing [29–31].”
From Symptom experiences in metastatic breast cancer patients: relationships to activity engagement, value-based living, and psychological inflexibility (2017) · cites this paper as [30]
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“These NIH-funded measures have undergone rigorous psychometric testing [21], and evidence supports their reliability and validity in cancer survivors [19, 22].”
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“After considering several potential instruments for assessing these domains, the RTF concluded that the short-form PROMIS measures1 offered the best trade-off of length with psychometric validity for a minimal dataset.”
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“Construct validity has been demonstrated with moderate to strong correlations with other well-validated measures. 61”
From Mindfulness and Psychosocial Symptoms in People with Cancer: Testing Rumination and Experiential Avoidance as Mediators, and Sex as a Moderator. (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
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“Sleep disturbance (ie, sleep quality) was measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) (α=0.97 in our sample) [62].”
From Efficacy of the Mindfulness Meditation Mobile App “Calm” to Reduce Stress Among College Students: Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as [62]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cella, D., Riley, W., Stone, A., Rothrock, N., Reeve, B., Yount, S., Amtmann, D., Bode, R., Buysse, D., Choi, S., Cook, K., DeVellis, R., DeWalt, D., Fries, J. F., Gershon, R., Hahn, E. A., Lai, J.-S., Pilkonis, P., Revicki, D., Rose, M., Weinfurt, K., & Hays, R.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- Duke University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1179-1194
- ISSN
- 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2965562
- OpenAlex
- W2162420979
- Cited by
- 5,128
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 455 · 2025: 526 · 2024: 536 · 2023: 490 · 2022: 516 · 2021: 515 · 2020: 492 · 2019: 368 · 2018: 302 · 2017: 224 · 2016: 190 · 2015: 161 · 2014: 131 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 92.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Northwestern University
- University of Washington (U01AR52170, U01AR52155, U01AR52171, U01AR52158)
- University of Pittsburgh (U01AR52155, U01AR52158, U01AR52170, U01AR52171)
- Stony Brook University (U01AR52170)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (U01AR052171, U01AR52186, U01AR52181, U01AR52155, U02AR52177, U01AR052186, U01AR52171, U01AR052170, U01AR052158, U01AR52170, U01AR052155, U01AR052177, U01AR52158, U01AR052181)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- PROMIS, patient-reported outcomes, item bank, item response theory, graded response model, scale calibration, short form, construct validity, reliability statistics, global health, physical health, mental health, social health, functional status
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Information Systems, Male, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Disclosure, United States, Patient Satisfaction, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
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