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Exploring variation in factors associated with increased likelihood of pretrial detention
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At the bivariate level, being male was significantly related to being detained pretrial.
“Also, at the bivariate level, being male was significants related to being detained pretrial.”
From A Scoping Review of the Relationships Between Cash Bail, Failure to Appear, Re-Arrest, Health and Well-Being, Race, and Gender (2026) · cites this paper as Cadoff et al 2021
The relationship for Latinx defendants was nonsignificant.
“The relationship for Latinx defendants was nonsignificant.”
From A Scoping Review of the Relationships Between Cash Bail, Failure to Appear, Re-Arrest, Health and Well-Being, Race, and Gender (2026) · cites this paper as Cadoff et al 2021
Hispanic defendants are more likely to be detained compared to White defendants.
“and are more likely to be detained when compared to White defendants (Cadoff et al., 2021;Hissong & Wheeler, 2019;Freiburger & Romain, 2018).”
From A Scoping Review of the Relationships Between Cash Bail, Failure to Appear, Re-Arrest, Health and Well-Being, Race, and Gender (2026) · cites this paper as Cadoff et al., 2021
The full logistic regression model showed males were more than twice as likely as females to be detained pretrial.
“The full logistic regression model showed males were more than twice as likely as females to be detained pretrial”
From A Scoping Review of the Relationships Between Cash Bail, Failure to Appear, Re-Arrest, Health and Well-Being, Race, and Gender (2026) · cites this paper as Cadoff et al 2021
At the bivariate level, race was negatively related to pretrial detention for White defendants but positively related to pretrial detention for Black defendants.
“At the bivariate level, race was negatively related to pretrial detention for White defendants but positively related to pretrial detention for Black defendants.”
From A Scoping Review of the Relationships Between Cash Bail, Failure to Appear, Re-Arrest, Health and Well-Being, Race, and Gender (2026) · cites this paper as Cadoff et al 2021
After controlling for other variables, the full model showed Black and Latinx defendants were more likely than White defendants to be detained pretrial.
“After controlling for other variables, the full model showed Black and Latinx defendants were more likely than White defendants to be detained pretrial.”
From A Scoping Review of the Relationships Between Cash Bail, Failure to Appear, Re-Arrest, Health and Well-Being, Race, and Gender (2026) · cites this paper as Cadoff et al 2021
Male defendants were significantly more likely to be detained pretrial due to inability to post bond.
“Likewise, male defendants were significantly more likely to be detained pretrial due to the inability to post bond (Cadoff et al., 2021).”
From A Scoping Review of the Relationships Between Cash Bail, Failure to Appear, Re-Arrest, Health and Well-Being, Race, and Gender (2026) · cites this paper as Cadoff et al., 2021
Citations
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Extra-Legal Factors in Chicago's Criminal Courts: Testing the Conflict Model of Criminal Justice
Lizotte, A. J. (1978) · Social Problems · doi:10.2307/800105 · Cited by 201
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Hamilton, M. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4188907 · Cited by 3
Scheadler, T. R., Radney, A., Smith, B. L., Munshi, A., & Cole, E. (2026) · American Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1007/s12103-025-09860-5 · Cited by 2
“Similarly, Hispanic defendants pay as much as 14–31.8% more in bail (Freiburger & Romain, 2018; Williams, 2018) and are more likely to be detained when compared to White defendants (Cadoff et al., 2021; Hissong & Wheeler, 2019; Freiburger & Romain, 2018).”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Cadoff, B., Wolff, K. T., & Chauhan, P.
- Affiliations
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cadoff, Becca
- Venue
- Journal of Criminal Justice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 74
- Pages
- 101799
- ISSN
- 0047-2352 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3170763779
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Criminal Justice (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Arnold Ventures LLC
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
- Keywords
- pretrial detention, crime types, racial disparities, jurisdictional variation, New York City boroughs, criminal justice decision-making
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