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Cited by 11Sports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiologyMuscle metabolism and nutrition

The effects of nitrate ingestion on high-intensity endurance time-trial performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Wong, Tak Hiong, Sim, Alexiaa, Burns, Stephen F.·2022·Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness
DOI 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.06.004PMC PMC9287610
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Abstract

Dietary nitrate ingestion extends endurance capacity, but data supporting endurance time-trial performance are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the evidence for dietary nitrate supplementation to improve high-intensity endurance time-trial performance over 5–30 min on the premise that nitrate may alleviate peripheral fatigue over shorter durations. A systematic literature search and data extraction was carried out following PRISMA guidelines and the PICOS framework within five databases: PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. Search terms used were: (nitrate OR nitrite OR beetroot) AND (high intensity OR all out) AND (time trial or total work done) AND performance. Twenty-four studies were included. Fifteen studies applied an acute supplementation strategy (4.1 mmol–15.2 mmol serving on one day), eight chronic supplementation (4.0 mmol–13.0 mmol per day over 3–15 days), and one applied both acute and chronic supplementation (8.0 mmol on one day and over 15 days). Standardised mean difference for time-trial ranging from 5 to 30 min showed an overall trivial effect in favour of nitrate (Hedges'g = 0.15, 95% CI -0.00 to 0.31, Z = 1.95, p = 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed a small, borderline effect in favour of chronic nitrate intervention (Hedges'g = 0.30, 95% CI -0.00 to 0.59, Z = 1.94, p = 0.05), and a non-significant effect for acute nitrate intervention (Hedges'g = 0.10, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.28, Z = 1.11, p = 0.27). Chronic nitrate supplementation improves time-trial performance ranging from 5 to 30 min.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Wong, T. H., Sim, A., & Burns, S. F.
Affiliations
Nanyang Technological University (SG)
Corresponding author
Burns, Stephen F.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-10
Volume
20
Issue
4
Pages
305-316
ISSN
1728-869X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jesf.2022.06.004
PMC
PMC9287610
OpenAlex
W4283819059
Cited by
11
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3
FWCI
0.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NIE Digital Repository (National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University) (acceptedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University
  • Singapore Economic Development Board
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords
dietary nitrate, nitrate supplementation, beetroot, time trial performance, acute supplementation, chronic supplementation, peripheral fatigue, endurance capacity

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