Foxhole atheism, revisited: The effects of mortality salience on explicit and implicit religious belief
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Living under conditions of low existential threat increases the likelihood of becoming a disbeliever.
“In summary, there appear to be at least three plausible contributors to religious disbelief: a lack of exposure to CREDs in the community while growing up, living under conditions of low existential threat, and a reliance on an analytic (vs. intuitive) cognitive style should all increase the likelihood of becoming a disbeliever.”
From The amoral atheist? A cross-national examination of cultural, motivational, and cognitive antecedents of disbelief, and their implications for morality (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
Cites
The unbearable automaticity of being
Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.462 · Cited by 3,699 · see citing works
The Causes and Consequences of a Need for Self-Esteem: A Terror Management Theory
Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (1986) · Public Self and Private Self · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9564-5_10 · Cited by 2,326 · see citing works
Implicit and explicit prejudice and interracial interaction.
Dovidio, J. F., Kawakami, K., & Gaertner, S. L. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.62 · Cited by 1,567 · see citing works
Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., & Pyszczynski, T. (1997) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60016-7 · Cited by 1,505 · see citing works
Rosenblatt, A., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Lyon, D. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.4.681 · Cited by 1,323 · see citing works
Two Decades of Terror Management Theory: A Meta-Analysis of Mortality Salience Research
Burke, B. L., Martens, A., & Faucher, E. H. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868309352321 · Cited by 1,188 · see citing works
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Wink, P., & Scott, J. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/60.4.p207 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion
McCutcheon, R. T., & Guthrie, S. E. (1994) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1386639 · Cited by 200 · cited 3× · see citing works
“First, despite the cross-cultural ubiquity of religious and afterlife beliefs in funeral rites, anthropologists are quick to point out that religious beliefs are often far from comforting (Boyer, 2001; Guthrie, 1993).”
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A meta-analysis of procedures to change implicit measures
Forscher, P. S., Lai, C. K., Axt, J. R., Ebersole, C. R., Herman, M., Devine, P. G., & Nosek, B. A. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000160 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
The origins of religious disbelief
Norenzayan, A., & Gervais, W. M. (2013) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.11.006 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Greenberg, J., Vail, K., & Pyszczynski, T. (2014) · Advances in Motivation Science · doi:10.1016/bs.adms.2014.08.003 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
McNamara, R. A., Norenzayan, A., & Henrich, J. (2016) · Religion, Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2014.921235 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Enea, V., Eisenbeck, N., Petrescu, T. C., & Carreno, D. F. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643977 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ståhl, T. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246593 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Experimental studies support this notion, as manipulations of suffering [30], mortality salience [31, 32], loneliness [33], and loss of control [34, 35], each strengthen religious belief.”
BackgroundHow Psychological Dispositions Influence the Theology of the Afterlife
De Cruz, H., & De Smedt, J. (2017) · The Palgrave Handbook of the Afterlife · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-48609-7_22 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jong, J., Halberstadt, J., & Bluemke, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Jong, Jonathan
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 983-989
- ISSN
- 0022-1031 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2067904728
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Study and Philosophy of Religion
- Keywords
- mortality salience, fear of death, religious beliefs, religious commitment
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