Implicit and explicit prejudice and interracial interaction.
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Leaders could detect less friendly communication, discomfort, and heated emotional arguments in teams that experience intergroup bias.
“In addition to observing these nonverbal processes, leaders could detect less friendly communication, discomfort, and heated emotional arguments in teams that experience intergroup bias (Dovidio et al., 2002;Homan, Van Kleef, & Sanchez-Burks, 2016;King & Ahmad, 2010;Thatcher, Jehn, & Zanutto, 2003;Zellmer-Bruhn, Maloney, Bhappu, & Salvador, 2008).”
From Leading diversity: Towards a theory of functional leadership in diverse teams. (2020) · cites this paper as Dovidio et al., 2002
Intergroup bias can translate into verbal and nonverbal interpersonal communication within teams.
“With regard to diagnosing intergroup bias, research has shown that intergroup bias can translate into verbal and nonverbal interpersonal communication within teams (Devine, 1989;Dovidio, Kawakami, & Gaertner, 2002;Fiske, 1998;Hekman et al., 2010).”
From Leading diversity: Towards a theory of functional leadership in diverse teams. (2020) · cites this paper as Dovidio, Kawakami, & Gaertner, 2002
People may often be unaware of their nonverbal expressions and visual attention in social interactions, but they are generally aware of what they are doing when they hire a job candidate or call the police on a suspicious person.
“For example, people may often be unaware of their nonverbal expressions (e.g., Dovidio et al. 2002) and visual attention (e.g., Roskos-Ewoldsen & Fazio 1992) in social interactions, but they are generally aware of what they are doing when they hire a job candidate or call the police on a suspicious person (Gawronski et al. 2022b).”
From Unawareness of Attitudes, Their Environmental Causes, and Their Behavioral Effects (2025) · cites this paper as Dovidio et al. 2002
Even consciously egalitarian people may hold negative ethnic and racial stereotypes and attitudes of which they may not be fully conscious.
“even consciously egalitarian people may hold negative ethnic and racial stereotypes and attitudes,26–31 of which they may not be fully conscious.”
From Reducing Racial Bias Among Health Care Providers: Lessons from Social-Cognitive Psychology (2007) · cites this paper as [29]
Application of stereotypes by health care providers frequently occurs outside conscious awareness.
“(2) application of such stereotypes frequently occurs outside conscious awareness26–31”
From Reducing Racial Bias Among Health Care Providers: Lessons from Social-Cognitive Psychology (2007) · cites this paper as [29]
People tend to have less empathy for others perceived as dissimilar, including members of other social categories, which typically results in low rapport.
“People tend to have less empathy for others perceived as dissimilar,77 including members of other social categories,67 which typically result in low rapport.29,35,37,69”
From Reducing Racial Bias Among Health Care Providers: Lessons from Social-Cognitive Psychology (2007) · cites this paper as [29]
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- Authors
- Dovidio, J. F., Kawakami, K., & Gaertner, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Colgate University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 62-68
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2136162107
- Cited by
- 1,567
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 84 · 2017: 108 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 77 · 2012: 75
- FWCI
- 103.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh048721-08)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 48721)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research
- Keywords
- implicit prejudice, interracial interaction, racial bias, response latency, self-report measures, nonverbal behavior, verbal behavior, white people
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Black or African American, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Prejudice, Reaction Time, Self Concept, Social Perception, White People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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