C-Phycocyanin Extracted from Spirulina Using a Green Solvent Approach Presents an Anti-Obesity Characteristic in Mice Fed a Hyperlipidic Diet
Open accessAbstract
The effects of C-phycocyanin extract, obtained from Spirulina biomass using a sustainable method with water as solvent, on the white adipose tissue of male mice fed a high-fat diet were evaluated. The normolipid diet and C-phycocyanin groups were similar regarding body mass gain, leptin concentration and phosphorylated protein nuclear factor kappa B p-50 subunit expression. The C-phycocyanin group showed a notable reduction in serum resistin (88.18 ± 31.54, normolipid diet 158.5 ± 52.43) (pg/mL) and the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (p < 0.05) in 16 weeks of treatment within the retroperitoneal white adipose tissue. The high-fat diet has been associated with obesity development, and the utilization of artificial dyes has been linked to adverse effects. However, C-phycocyanin, a natural pigment, demonstrated promising outcomes. Our findings suggest that the C-phycocyanin extract effectively inhibited body mass gain, regulated leptin and resistin levels, and prevented the increase a pro-inflammatory state.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
C-PC acts as an anti-obesity agent and improves reproductive health in mice.
“and acts as an anti-obesity agent while improving reproductive health in mice [62][63][64].”
From Valorization of Microalgae as Multifunctional Protein Sources in Plant-Based Systems: Structural, Functional, and Processing Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [64]
Cites
Reeves, P. G., Nielsen, F. H., & Fahey, G. C., Jr. (1993) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/123.11.1939 · Cited by 8,730 · see citing works
The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes
Steppan, C. M., Bailey, S. T., Bhat, S., Brown, E. J., Banerjee, R. R., Wright, C. M., Patel, H. R., Ahima, R. S., & Lazar, M. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35053000 · Cited by 4,755 · see citing works
Adipokines: inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue
Trayhurn, P., & Wood, I. S. (2004) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20041213 · Cited by 2,210 · see citing works
Physiological role of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue as an endocrine and secretory organ
Trayhurn, P., & Beattie, J. H. (2001) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns200194 · Cited by 1,259 · see citing works
Asioli, D., Aschemann-Witzel, J., Caputo, V., Vecchio, R., Annunziata, A., Næs, T., & Varela, P. (2017) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.022 · Cited by 997 · see citing works
The noncanonical NF‐κB pathway
Sun, S. (2012) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01088.x · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Production of phycocyanin—a pigment with applications in biology, biotechnology, foods and medicine
Eriksen, N. T. (2008) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-008-1542-y · Cited by 714 · see citing works
The molecular inflammatory process in aging
Chung, H. Y., Sung, B., Jung, K. J., Zou, Y., & Yu, B. P. (2006) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2006.8.572 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
High fat diet induced obesity model using four strains of mice: Kunming, C57BL/6, BALB/c and ICR
Li, J., Wu, H., Liu, Y., & Yang, L. (2020) · EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS · doi:10.1538/expanim.19-0148 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Jéquier, E. (2002) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802123 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Dalvi, P. S., Chalmers, J. A., Luo, V., Han, D.-Y., Wellhauser, L., Liu, Y., Tran, D. Q., Castel, J., Luquet, S. H., Wheeler, M. B., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.183 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Change of cytokine balance in diet-induced obese mice
Mito, N., Hosoda, T., Kato, C., et al. (2000) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2000.9523 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
High‐Fat Diet Induces Leptin Resistance in Leptin‐Deficient Mice
Koch, C. E., Lowe, C., Pretz, D., Steger, J., Williams, L. M., & Tups, A. (2014) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12131 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Fratelli, C., Burck, M., Amarante, M. C. A., & Braga, A. R. C. (2021) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.043 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationEl‐Baky, H. H. A., Baroty, G. S. E., & Ibrahem, E. A. (2015) · PubMed · doi:10.3305/nh.2015.32.1.8804 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Kong, L., Chen, J., Ji, X., Qin, Q., Yang, H., Liu, D., Li, D., & Sun, M. (2021) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-020-01782-w · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Farrell, N., Norris, G. H., Ryan, J. A., Porter, C. M., Jiang, C., & Blesso, C. N. (2015) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114515002962 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Loss of resistin ameliorates hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in leptin-deficient mice
Singhal, N. S., Patel, R. T., Qi, Y., Lee, Y.-S., & Ahima, R. S. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00577.2007 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Silva, L. A., Kuhn, K. R., Moraes, C. C., Burkert, C. A. V., & Kalil, S. J. (2009) · Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society · doi:10.1590/s0103-50532009000100003 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Jensen, G. S., Drapeau, C., Lenninger, M. R., & Benson, K. F. (2016) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2015.0143 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Dose Effects of Orally Administered Spirulina Suspension on Colonic Microbiota in Healthy Mice
Hu, J., Li, Y., Pakpour, S., Wang, S., Pan, Z., Liu, J., Wei, Q., She, J., Cang, H., & Zhang, R. X. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00243 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Omar, A. E., Al-Khalaifah, H. S., Osman, A., Gouda, A., Shalaby, S. I., Roushdy, E. M., Abdo, S. A., Ali, S. A., Hassan, A. M., & Amer, S. A. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11050991 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Bioactivities of Phycocyanobilin from Spirulina
Li, Y. (2022) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2022/4008991 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Design strategies for C-phycocyanin purification: Process influence on purity grade
de Amarante, M. C. A., Braga, A. R., Sala, L., Moraes, C., & Kalil, S. (2020) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117453 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationAmeliorative effects of phycocyanin against gibberellic acid induced hepatotoxicity
Hussein, M., Ali, H. A., & Ahmed, M. M. (2015) · Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.02.010 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Resistin and Adiponectin—of Mice and Men
Stümvoll, M., & Häring, H. U. (2002) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2002.162 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Phycocyanin Improves Reproductive Ability in Obese Female Mice by Restoring Ovary and Oocyte Quality
Wen, X., Han, Z., Liu, S.-J., Hao, X., Zhang, X.-J., Wang, X.-Y., Zhou, C.-J., Ma, Y.-Z., & Liang, C.-G. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.595373 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Saini, M. K., & Sanyal, S. N. (2015) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2015.1015743 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Green Extraction Process of Food Grade C-phycocyanin: Biological Effects and Metabolic Study in Mice
Fratelli, C., Bürck, M., Neto, A. P. A., Oyama, L. M., de Rosso, V. V., & Braga, A. R. C. (2022) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr10091793 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationMurthy, S. D. S., & Mohanty, P. (1991) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078068 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Gu, M., Wang, R., Li, M., Li, D., & Xie, Z. (2020) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-020-0433-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Metabolic profile response to administration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in high-fat-fed mice
Moreno, M. F., Laquila, R. D., Okuda, M. H., Lira, F. S., de Souza, G. I. D. M. H., de Souza, C. T., Telles, M. M., Ribeiro, E. B., do Nascimento, C. M. O., & Oyama, L. M. (2014) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-6-84 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationBalakrishnan, R., Velmurugan, G., Freddy, A. J., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35071-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
de Miranda, D. A., da Silva, F. P., Carnier, M., Mennitti, L. V., Figuerêdo, R. G., Hachul, A. C. L., Boldarine, V. T., Neto, N. I. P., Seelaender, M. C. L., Ribeiro, E. B., et al. (2018) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.033 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of glucose dose on intravenous glucose tolerance test traits in Holstein-Friesian heifers
González-Grajales, L. A., Pieper, L., Mengel, S., & Staufenbiel, R. (2017) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13215 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Synergistic Beneficial Effects of Resveratrol and Diet on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity
Alrob, O. A., Al-Horani, R., Altaany, Z., & Nusair, M. B. (2022) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina58091301 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
El-Boghdady, N. A., Kamel, M. A. E.-N., & El-Shamy, R. M. (2020) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2019.0129 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Boza, A., Lemos, E., Bürck, M., Gautério, G. V., & Braga, A. R. C. (2026) · Macromol · doi:10.3390/macromol6030054
Self-citation
- Authors
- Silva-Neto, A. F., Fratelli, C., Pucci, V. G., Boldarine, V. T., Ferreira, Y. A. M., Telles, M. M., Braga, A. R. C., & Oyama, L. M.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Oyama, L.M.
- Venue
- Journal of Functional Foods
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-09
- Volume
- 108
- Pages
- 105747
- ISSN
- 1756-4646 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4386198034
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9
- FWCI
- 2.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Functional Foods (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2020/6732-7)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- C-phycocyanin, Spirulina, green solvent extraction, anti-obesity, high-fat diet, white adipose tissue, resistin, leptin, TNF-α, NF-κB, inflammation, weight gain, natural pigments
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review