The DOI matches its Crossref record; 94 of the 94 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Subtyping stuttering I: A review
Abstract
Unlabelled A reliable and practical subtype system of stuttering should enhance all related scientific work concerned with this disorder. Although a fair number of classification systems have been offered, to date, none has received wide recognition or has been routinely applied in research or clinical spheres. Whereas progress has been made in understanding and treating the disorder, for the most part stuttering continues to be viewed and addressed as a unitary problem. The objectives of the current article are to (a) highlight the motivation for identifying sub-types of stuttering, (b) outline the issues involved in researching subtypes, and (c) address the question of whether or not subtyping is plausible for this disorder. Toward these ends, a broad-based review of past concepts regarding subtypes of stuttering and stutterers is presented according to seven categories that reflect the various authors' conceptual or experimental approaches. Selected studies for each category are also presented to illustrate the research problems and challenges. It is concluded that islands of progress can be identified in subtype research, particularly in studies of children. It is recommended that future studies include multiple factors or domains in the data collection process, especially with young children during the formative years of the disorder, when substantial overlap in the development of several speech/language domains occurs. Educational objectives (a) Readers will be able to describe the theory and research concerning the numerous attempts to subtype stuttering, particularly during the past 50 years; (b) Readers will be able to explain the general issues that need to be resolved in order to identify subtypes as well as current and future research strategies aimed at achieving these goals.
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“As stuttering manifests differently for each individual [107], participants interpreted and prioritized certain labels based on what aspects of their speech they find most meaningful.”
From Disability-First AI Dataset Annotation: Co-designing Stuttered Speech Annotation Guidelines with People Who Stutter (2026) · cites this paper as [107]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yairi, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yairi, Ehud
- Venue
- Journal of Fluency Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 165-196
- ISSN
- 0094-730X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993295537
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Fluency Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01 DC 05210, R01DC005210)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Stuttering Research and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Keywords
- stuttering, speech and language development, fluency disorders, research strategies
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Research, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Stuttering, Incidence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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