Chemical stabilisation of lead in shooting range soils with phosphate and magnesium oxide: synchrotron investigation
Abstract
Three Australian shooting range soils were treated with phosphate and magnesium oxide, or a combination of both to chemically stabilize Pb. Lead speciation was determined after 1 month ageing by X-ray absorption spectroscopy combined with linear combination fitting in control and treated soils. The predominant Pb species in untreated soils were iron oxide bound Pb, humic acid bound Pb and the mineral litharge. Treatment with phosphate resulted in substantial pyromorphite formation in two of the soils (TV and PE), accounting for up to 38% of Pb species present, despite the addition of excess phosphate. In MgO treated soils only, up to 43% of Pb was associated with MgO. Litharge and Pb hydroxide also formed as a result of MgO addition in the soils. Application of MgO after P treatment increased hydroxypyromorphite/pyromorphite formation relative to soils teated with phosphate only. X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy revealed PbO precipitate on the surface of MgO. Soil pH, (5.3-9.3) was an important parameter, as was the solubility of existing Pb species. The use of direct means of determination of the stabilisation of metals such as by X-ray absorption spectroscopy is desirable, particularly in relation to understanding long term stability of the immobilised contaminants.
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Applying MgO into a contaminated soil formed litharge (PbO) and Pb hydroxide, thus stabilizing available Pb.
“Applying MgO into a contaminated soil was found to form litharge (PbO) and Pb hydroxide, thus stabilizing available Pb in the soil (Sanderson et al., 2015).”
From Soil amendments for immobilization of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils: A critical review (2020) · cites this paper as Sanderson et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Sanderson, P., Naidu, R., Bolan, N., Lim, J. E., & Ok, Y. S.
- Affiliations
- University of South Australia (AU)
- Kangwon National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Naidu, Ravi
- Venue
- Journal of Hazardous Materials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-12
- Volume
- 299
- Pages
- 395-403
- ISSN
- 0304-3894 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W856248917
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 4.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Hazardous Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment
- Australian Synchrotron
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Keywords
- lead stabilization, shooting range soils, phosphate, magnesium oxide, lead speciation, pyromorphite, litharge, soil pH, contaminant immobilization, synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy
- MeSH terms
- Firearms, Lead, Magnesium Oxide, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phosphates, Soil Pollutants, X-Ray Diffraction, Synchrotrons
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