Cited by 1,618Heavy metals in environmentEnvironmental and Analytical Chemistry StudiesChromium effects and bioremediation

Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments–a review

Kumpiene, Jurate, Lagerkvist, Anders, Maurice, Christian·2008·Waste Management

Abstract

The spread of contaminants in soil can be hindered by the soil stabilization technique. Contaminant immobilizing amendments decrease trace element leaching and their bioavailability by inducing various sorption processes: adsorption to mineral surfaces, formation of stable complexes with organic ligands, surface precipitation and ion exchange. Precipitation as salts and co-precipitation can also contribute to reducing contaminant mobility. The technique can be used in in situ and ex situ applications to reclaim and re-vegetate industrially devastated areas and mine-spoils, improve soil quality and reduce contaminant mobility by stabilizing agents and a beneficial use of industrial by-products. This study is an overview of data published during the last five years on the immobilization of one metalloid, As, and four heavy metals, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, in soils. The most extensively studied amendments for As immobilization are Fe containing materials. The immobilization of As occurs through adsorption on Fe oxides by replacing the surface hydroxyl groups with the As ions, as well as by the formation of amorphous Fe(III) arsenates and/or insoluble secondary oxidation minerals. Cr stabilization mainly deals with Cr reduction from its toxic and mobile hexavalent form Cr(VI) to stable in natural environments Cr(III). The reduction is accelerated in soil by the presence of organic matter and divalent iron. Clays, carbonates, phosphates and Fe oxides were the common amendments tested for Cu immobilization. The suggested mechanisms of Cu retention were precipitation of Cu carbonates and oxy-hydroxides, ion exchange and formation of ternary cation-anion complexes on the surface of Fe and Al oxy-hydroxides. Most of the studies on Pb stabilization were performed using various phosphorus-containing amendments, which reduce the Pb mobility by ionic exchange and precipitation of pyromorphite-type minerals. Zn can be successfully immobilized in soil by phosphorus amendments and clays.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.wasman.2006.12.012

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  • Applying phosphate amendments leads to precipitation of pyromorphites, Pb5(PO4)3X (X = F, Cl, Br, or OH), which are highly insoluble under a wide range of pH and Eh values in a natural environment.

    “Applying phosphate amendments leads to precipitation of pyromorphites, Pb 5 (PO 4 ) 3 X, where X = F, Cl, Br, or OH, which are highly insoluble under a wide range of pH and Eh values in a natural environment (Kumpiene et al., 2008).”

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Authors
Kumpiene, J., Lagerkvist, A., & Maurice, C.
Affiliations
Luleå University of Technology (SE)
Venue
Waste Management
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-01
Volume
28
Issue
1
Pages
215-225
ISSN
0956-053X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2016367291
Cited by
1,618
References
115
Citations by year
2026: 37 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 139 · 2019: 140 · 2018: 126 · 2017: 118 · 2016: 117 · 2015: 108 · 2014: 106 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 58
FWCI
3.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Waste Management (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
European Commission
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Chromium effects and bioremediation
Keywords
soil stabilization, heavy metal immobilization, arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, soil amendment, trace element leaching, bioavailability, adsorption, co-precipitation, iron oxide, phosphorus amendment, clay amendment, pyromorphite, hexavalent chromium reduction, metalloids, mine spoil, industrial by-products
MeSH terms
Arsenic, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Soil Pollutants, Zinc

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