Relative Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Upper Extremity Conditions
Open accessAbstract
Purpose Prior research regarding the impact of mental health on upper extremity musculoskeletal function and recovery has frequently grouped catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression. This study was designed to define the relative prevalence of heightened anxiety versus depressive symptoms among a patient population seeking upper extremity care and to determine if those prevalences varied according to the symptomatic condition.Methods All adult patients presenting to a tertiary upper extremity orthopedic center between June 1, 2016 and November 30, 2016 (n = 3,315) completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety and Depression Computer Adaptive Tests. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression assessed differences in average PROMIS scores between demographic and diagnostic groups. Patients were also analyzed according to crossing thresholds for heightened anxiety and depression scores based on established linkage tables with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression scales, respectively. Pearson chi-square analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to determine if the proportion of patients crossing these thresholds varied according to the primary symptomatic condition while accounting for patient age, sex, and race.Results African American patients and those with carpal tunnel syndrome, trapeziometacarpal arthritis, or shoulder conditions reported significantly higher PROMIS Anxiety scores. Higher PROMIS Depression scores varied only by diagnosis. Seventeen percent of patients exceeded the Anxiety symptoms score threshold and 10% of patients exceeded the Depression symptom threshold. In logistic regression modeling, the likelihood of exceeding the Anxiety threshold varied by diagnosis and was increased in African American patients and females. African American race was associated with exceeding the Depression threshold while accounting for sex and diagnosis.Conclusions Patients with upper extremity conditions more frequently report heightened anxiety than heightened depression. Patient race and diagnosis are independent predictors of anxiety among patients seeking care for upper extremity conditions.Type of study/level of evidence Diagnostic II.
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In hand therapy, CBT may be an efficient treatment to improve pain and distress by increasing adjustment to hand injury in relation to illness perception and coping strategies.
“In hand therapy, CBT may be efficient treatment to improve pain and distress by increasing adjustment to hand injury in relation to illness perception and coping strategies [2,39-41].”
From Development and usability testing of a web-based and therapist-assisted coping skills program for managing psychosocial problems in individuals with hand and upper limb injuries: Mixed methods study (2020) · cites this paper as [41]
The Introduction links psychological distress with pain and impairment in patients with upper-extremity conditions, and the Discussion identifies poor coping as relevant to outcomes and suggests directing patients with heightened anxiety or depression toward treatment (pages not available in our copy). The paper does not assess CBT or say that it improves pain and distress by changing illness perception, coping strategies, or adjustment to hand injury. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Beleckas, C. M., Wright, M., Prather, H., Chamberlain, A., Guattery, J., & Calfee, R. P.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Calfee, Ryan P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Hand Surgery
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 571.e1-571.e8
- ISSN
- 0363-5023 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5986590
- OpenAlex
- W2787424323
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13
- FWCI
- 5.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal Of Hand Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences (UL1 TR000448)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- anxiety, depression, musculoskeletal disorders, carpal tunnel syndrome, trapeziometacarpal arthritis, shoulder disorders, racial disparities, African American patients, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Anxiety, Black or African American, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Neuromuscular Diseases, Sex Factors, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Upper Extremity
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