Anomalies in real and counterfactual worlds: An eye-movement investigation
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In the context of AI, explanation often bases on judgments about why a certain outcome is predicted by an AI algorithm and hypotheses about causes with respect to given effects.
“In the context of AI, it often bases on judgments about why a certain outcome is predicted by an AI algorithm and hypotheses about causes with respect to given effects [10].”
From A Survey of Contrastive and Counterfactual Explanation Generation Methods for Explainable Artificial Intelligence (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
Lombrozo treated counterfactual and contrastive explanations as equivalent assuming hypothesized events non-occurred in reality to be counterfactual cases where a subset of these cases forms a contrastive explanation.
“For instance, Lombrozo treated counterfactual and contrastive explanations as equivalent assuming hypothesized events non-occurred in reality to be ''counterfactual cases'' where a subset of these cases forms a contrastive explanation [10].”
From A Survey of Contrastive and Counterfactual Explanation Generation Methods for Explainable Artificial Intelligence (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
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“It is argued to be valid arising from antecedents that are true in a hypothetical model but false in reality [34].”
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- Authors
- Ferguson, H. J., & Sanford, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ferguson, Heather J.
- Venue
- Journal of Memory and Language
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 609-626
- ISSN
- 0749-596X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1990056467
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 17.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Memory and Language (publishedVersion)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (submittedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Arts and Humanities Research Council
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge
- Keywords
- counterfactual reasoning, counterfactual worlds, real-world knowledge, sentence comprehension, eye movements, context effects, accommodation, psycholinguistics
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