Robotics and automated systems in construction: Understanding industry-specific challenges for adoption
Open accessAbstract
The construction industry is a major economic sector, but it is plagued with inefficiencies and low productivity. Robotics and automated systems have the potential to address these shortcomings; however, the level of adoption in the construction industry is very low. This paper presents an investigation into the industry-specific factors that limit the adoption in the construction industry. A mixed research method was employed combining literature review, qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. Three focus groups with 28 experts and an online questionnaire were conducted. Principal component and correlation analyses were conducted to group the identified factors and find hidden correlations. The main identified challenges were grouped into four categories and ranked in order of importance: contractor-side economic factors, client-side economic factors, technical and work-culture factors, and weak business case factors. No strong correlation was found among factors. This study will help stakeholders to understand the main industry-specific factors limiting the adoption of robotics and automated systems in the construction industry. The presented findings will support stakeholders to devise mitigation strategies.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The main identified challenges for higher adoption of robotics in the construction industry were grouped into four categories: contractor-side economic factors; client-side economic factors; technical and work-culture factors; and weak business case factors.
“The main identified challenges for higher adoption of robotics in the construction industry were grouped into four categories: contractor-side economic factors; client-side economic factors; technical and work-culture factors; and weak business case factors.”
From Advanced Applications of Industrial Robotics: New Trends and Possibilities (2021) · cites this paper as [108]
Technical and work-culture factors include an untrained workforce; unproven effectiveness and immature technology; and the current work culture and aversion to change.
“Technical and work-culture factors include an untrained workforce; unproven effectiveness and immature technology; and the current work culture and aversion to change [108].”
From Advanced Applications of Industrial Robotics: New Trends and Possibilities (2021) · cites this paper as [108]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Using thematic analysis in psychology
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa · Cited by 194,414 · see citing works
Achieving integration in mixed methods designs-principles and practices
Fetters, M. D., Curry, L. A., & Creswell, J. W. (2013) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12117 · Cited by 5,772 · cited 2× · see citing works
“This type of mixed research methods has been proved as powerful tools to investigate complex processes and systems in other sectors [36].”
BackgroundMethodWhy Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation
Autor, D. H. (2015) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.29.3.3 · Cited by 3,917 · see citing works
Recent developments and challenges of lower extremity exoskeletons
Chen, B., Ma, H., Qin, L.-Y., Gao, F., Chan, K.-M., Law, S.-W., Qin, L., & Liao, W.-H. (2016) · Journal of Orthopaedic Translation · doi:10.1016/j.jot.2015.09.007 · Cited by 501 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, there are still many challenges to be addressed, including high costs, energy efficiency, safety, and comfortability [18,41].”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 69
- A. Ajoudani, A.M. Zanchettin, S. Ivaldi, A. Albu-Schäffer, K. Kosuge, O. Khatib, Progress and prospects of the human-robot collaboration, Aut. Robots 42 (2018) 957-975 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10514-017-9677-2. · DOI
- A.M. Alashwal, H.A. Rahman, A.M. Beksin, Knowledge sharing in a fragmented construction industry: on the hindsight, Sci. Res. Essays 6 (2011) 1530-1536 https://doi.org/10.5897/sre10.645. · DOI
- S. Allen, Why construction industry productivity is declining, Cambridge, MA, 1985. https://doi.org/10.3386/w1555. · DOI
- J.M. Davila Delgado, et al. Journal of Building Engineering 26 (2019) 100868
- A. Alwasel, K. Elrayes, E. Abdel-Rahman, C. Haas, Reducing shoulder injuries among construction workers, ISARC. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, 2012, pp. 1-5.
- H. Ardiny, S. Witwicki, F. Mondada, Construction automation with autonomous mobile robots: a review, 2015 3rd RSI International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ICROM), IEEE, 2015, pp. 418-424 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRoM. 2015.7367821. · DOI
- K. Asadi, H. Ramshankar, H. Pullagurla, A. Bhandare, S. Shanbhag, P. Mehta, S. Kundu, K. Han, E. Lobaton, T. Wu, Vision-based integrated mobile robotic system for real-time applications in construction, Autom. ConStruct. 96 (2018) 470-482 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AUTCON.2018.10.009. · DOI
- T. Bock, T. Linner, Robotic Industrialization : Automation and Robotic Technologies for Customized Component, Module, and Building Prefabrication, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
- T. Bock, T. Linner, Site Automation: Automated/Robotic On-Site Factories, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
- T. Bock, T. Linner, Construction Robots : Elementary Technologies and Single-Task Construction Robots, Cambridge University Press, 2017.
- T. Bock, Construction robotics, Auton. Robots 22 (2007) 201-209 https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10514-006-9008-5. · DOI
- T. Bock, The future of construction automation: technological disruption and the upcoming ubiquity of robotics, Autom. ConStruct. 59 (2015) 113-121 https://doi. org/10.1016/J.AUTCON.2015.07.022. · DOI
- R. Bogue, What are the prospects for robots in the construction industry? Ind. Robot An Int. J. 45 (2018) 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1108/IR-11-2017-0194. · DOI
- J. Buchli, M. Giftthaler, N. Kumar, M. Lussi, T. Sandy, K. Dörfler, N. Hack, Digital in situ fabrication -challenges and opportunities for robotic in situ fabrication in ar- chitecture, construction, and beyond, Cement Concr. Res. 112 (2018) 66-75 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEMCONRES.2018.05.013. · DOI
- D. Castro-Lacouture, Construction automation, Springer Handbook of Automation, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009, pp. 1063-1078 https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7_61. · DOI
- J. Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, Sage Publications, 2017.
- J. Czarnowski, A. Dąbrowski, M. Maciaś, J. Główka, J. Wrona, Technology gaps in Human-Machine Interfaces for autonomous construction robots, Autom. ConStruct. 94 (2018) 179-190 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AUTCON.2018.06.014. · DOI
- S. Dadhich, U. Bodin, U. Andersson, Key challenges in automation of earth-moving machines, Autom. ConStruct. 68 (2016) 212-222 https://doi.org/10.1016/J. AUTCON.2016.05.009. · DOI
- J.M. Davila Delgado, L.J. Butler, N. Gibbons, I. Brilakis, M.Z.E.B. Elshafie, C. Middleton, Management of structural monitoring data of bridges using BIM, Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. -Bridg. Eng. 170 (2017) 204-218 https://doi.org/10.1680/ jbren.16.00013. · DOI
- M.P. de Looze, T. Bosch, F. Krause, K.S. Stadler, L.W. O'Sullivan, Exoskeletons for industrial application and their potential effects on physical work load, Ergonomics 59 (2016) 671-681 https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1081988. · DOI
- D. Delgado Camacho, P. Clayton, W.J. O'Brien, C. Seepersad, M. Juenger, R. Ferron, S. Salamone, Applications of additive manufacturing in the construction industry - a forward-looking review, Autom. ConStruct. 89 (2018) 110-119 https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.AUTCON.2017.12.031. · DOI
- G. Di Stefano, G. Romeo, A. Mazzini, A. Iarocci, S. Hadi, S. Pelphrey, The Lusi drone: a multidisciplinary tool to access extreme environments, Mar. Pet. Geol. 90 (2018) 26-37 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MARPETGEO.2017.07.006. · DOI
- K. Dörfler, T. Sandy, M. Giftthaler, F. Gramazio, M. Kohler, J. Buchli, Mobile robotic brickwork, Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2016, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016, pp. 204-217 https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-319-26378-6_15. · DOI
- S. Dritsas, G.S. Soh, Building robotics design for construction, Constr. Robot. (2018) 1-10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41693-018-0010-1. · DOI
- R. Eadie, M. Browne, H. Odeyinka, C. McKeown, S. McNiff, A survey of current status of and perceived changes required for BIM adoption in the UK, Built. Environ. Proj. Asset. Manag. 5 (2015) 4-21 https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-07-2013-0023. · DOI
- L.H. Forbes, S.M. Ahmed, Modern Construction : Lean Project Delivery and Integrated Practices, CRC Press, 2011.
- B. García de Soto, I. Agustí-Juan, J. Hunhevicz, S. Joss, K. Graser, G. Habert, B.T. Adey, Productivity of digital fabrication in construction: cost and time analysis of a robotically built wall, Autom. ConStruct. 92 (2018) 297-311 https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.AUTCON.2018.04.004. · DOI
- V. Gerling, S. Von Mammen, Robotics for self-organised construction, 2016 IEEE 1st International Workshops on Foundations and Applications of Self* Systems (FAS*W), IEEE, 2016, pp. 162-167 https://doi.org/10.1109/FAS-W.2016.45. · DOI
- S. Goessens, C. Mueller, P. Latteur, Feasibility study for drone-based masonry construction of real-scale structures, Autom. ConStruct. 94 (2018) 458-480 https:// doi.org/10.1016/J.AUTCON.2018.06.015. · DOI
- S. Gupta, A. Agrawal, E. Singla, Wearable Upper Limb Exoskeletons: Generations, Design Challenges and Task Oriented Synthesis, Springer, Cham, 2019, pp. 134-142 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00329-6_16. · DOI
- J. Hair, W. Black, B. Babin, R. Anderson, Multivariate Data Analysis, seventh ed., Pearson, 2010.
- K. Hampson, P. Newton, Transforming the built environment through construction innovation, Technology, Design and Process Innovation in the Built Environment, Spoon Press, 2009, pp. 29-54.
- K.D. Hampson, J.A. Kraatz, A. Sanchez, The global construction industry and R&D, R&D Investment in the Global Construction Industry, 2014, pp. 1-16.
- P.Y. Huang, M. Sakurai, Factory automation: the Japanese experience, IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag. 37 (1990) 102-108 https://doi.org/10.1109/17.53712. · DOI
- L. Jaillon, C.S. Poon, The evolution of prefabricated residential building systems in Hong Kong: a review of the public and the private sector, Autom. ConStruct. 18 (2009) 239-248 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AUTCON.2008.09.002. · DOI
- A. Jayaraj, H.N. Divakar, Robotics in construction industry, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 376 (2018) 012114 https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/376/1/012114. · DOI
- C. Kasperzyk, M.-K. Kim, I. Brilakis, Automated re-prefabrication system for buildings using robotics, Autom. ConStruct. 83 (2017) 184-195 https://doi.org/10. 1016/J.AUTCON.2017.08.002. · DOI
- S. Kim, A. Moore, D. Srinivasan, A. Akanmu, A. Barr, C. Harris-Adamson, D.M. Rempel, M.A. Nussbaum, Potential of exoskeleton technologies to enhance safety, health, and performance in construction: industry perspectives and future research directions, IISE Trans. Occup. Ergon. Hum. Factors 1-7 (2019), https:// doi.org/10.1080/24725838.2018.1561557. · DOI
- V.S.S. Kumar, I. Prasanthi, A. Leena, Robotics and automation in construction in- dustry, AEI 2008, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 2008, pp. 1-9 https://doi.org/10.1061/41002(328)3. · DOI
- S. Lee, W. Pan, T. Linner, T. Bock, A framework for robot assisted deconstruction: process, sub-systems and modelling, Proceedings of the 32nd ISARC, 2015, pp. 1-8 https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2015/0093. · DOI
- Y. Li, C. Liu, Applications of multirotor drone technologies in construction man- agement, Int. J. Constr. Manag. 1-12 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599. 2018.1452101. · DOI
- R. Li, Robots for the construction industry, An Economic Analysis on Automated Construction Safety, Springer, 2018, pp. 23-46.
- S. Lim, R.A. Buswell, T.T. Le, S.A. Austin, A.G.F. Gibb, T. Thorpe, Developments in construction-scale additive manufacturing processes, Autom. ConStruct. 21 (2012) 262-268 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AUTCON.2011.06.010. · DOI · Paper page
- T. Linner, T. Bock, Evolution of large-scale industrialisation and service innovation in Japanese prefabrication industry, Constr. Innovat. 12 (2012) 158-178 https:// doi.org/10.1108/14714171211215921. · DOI
- M. Loosemore, J. Richard, Valuing innovation in construction and infrastructure: getting clients past a lowest price mentality, Eng. Construct. Architect. Manag. 22 (2015) 38-53 https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-02-2014-0031. · DOI
- B.Y. McCabe, H. Hamledari, A. Shahi, P. Zangeneh, E.R. Azar, Roles, benefits, and challenges of using UAVs for indoor smart construction applications, Computing in Civil Engineering 2017, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 2017, pp. 349-357 https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784480830.043. · DOI
- M. Miozzo, P. Dewick, Networks and innovation in European construction: benefits from inter-organisational cooperation in a fragmented industry, Int. J. Technol. Manag. 27 (2004) 68 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2004.003882. · DOI
- A. Mirjan, F. Augugliaro, R. D'Andrea, F. Gramazio, M. Kohler, Building a bridge with flying robots, Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2016, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016, pp. 34-47 https://doi.org/10. 1007/978-3-319-26378-6_3. · DOI
- J.C. Nunnally, I.H. Bernstein, Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill, 1994.
- T.D. Oesterreich, F. Teuteberg, Understanding the implications of digitisation and automation in the context of Industry 4.0: a triangulation approach and elements of a research agenda for the construction industry, Comput. Ind. 83 (2016) 121-139 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPIND.2016.09.006. · DOI
- M. Pan, T. Linner, W. Pan, H. Cheng, T. Bock, A framework of indicators for as- sessing construction automation and robotics in the sustainability context, J. Clean. Prod. 182 (2018) 82-95 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2018.02.053. · DOI
- H. Peel, S. Luo, A.G. Cohn, R. Fuentes, Localisation of a mobile robot for bridge bearing inspection, Autom. ConStruct. 94 (2018) 244-256 https://doi.org/10. 1016/J.AUTCON.2018.07.003. · DOI
- I. Perkins, M. Skitmore, Three-dimensional printing in the construction industry: a review, Int. J. Constr. Manag. 15 (2015) 1-9 https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599. 2015.1012136. · DOI
- V.R. Prasath Kumar, M. Balasubramanian, S. Jagadish Raj, Robotics in construction industry, Indian J. Sci. Technol. 9 (2016), https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/ v9i23/95974. · DOI
- T. Rakha, A. Gorodetsky, Review of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) applications in the built environment: towards automated building inspection procedures using drones, Autom. ConStruct. 93 (2018) 252-264 https://doi.org/10.1016/J. AUTCON.2018.05.002. · DOI
- S.J. Ray, J. Teizer, Real-time construction worker posture analysis for ergonomics training, Adv. Eng. Inf. 26 (2012) 439-455 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AEI.2012.02. 011. · DOI
- E.M. Rojas, P. Aramvareekul, Labor productivity drivers and opportunities in the construction industry, J. Manag. Eng. 19 (2003) 78-82 2003)19:2(78 https://doi. org/10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X. · DOI
- J. Sauder, E. Hilgemann, B. Bienstock, A. Parness, An automaton rover enabling long duration in-situ science in extreme environments, 2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference, IEEE, 2017, pp. 1-10 https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2017.7943829. · DOI
- J.P. Sousa, C.G. Palop, E. Moreira, A.M. Pinto, J. Lima, P. Costa, P. Costa, G. Veiga, A. Paulo Moreira, The SPIDERobot: a cable-robot system for on-site construction in architecture, Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2016, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016, pp. 230-239 https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-319-26378-6_17. · DOI
- P. Stilger, J. Siderius, E. van Raaij, A comparative study of formulas for choosing the economically most advantageous tender, J. Public Procure. 17 (2017) 89-125 https://doi.org/10.1108/JOPP-17-01-2017-B004. · DOI
- Y.W.D. Tay, B. Panda, S.C. Paul, N.A. Noor Mohamed, M.J. Tan, K.F. Leong, 3D printing trends in building and construction industry: a review, Virtual Phys. Prototyp. 12 (2017) 261-276 https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2017.1326724. · DOI
- P. Vähä, T. Heikkilä, P. Kilpeläinen, M. Järviluoma, E. Gambao, Extending auto- mation of building construction -survey on potential sensor technologies and robotic applications, Autom. ConStruct. 36 (2013) 168-178 https://doi.org/10. 1016/J.AUTCON.2013.08.002. · DOI
- A. van Marrewijk, M. Veenswijk, S. Clegg, Changing collaborative practices through cultural interventions, Build. Res. Inf. 42 (2014) 330-342 https://doi.org/10.1080/ 09613218.2014.867619. · DOI
- J. Watson, G. Sharp, Barriers to skills development in a local construction labour market, Local Econ. 22 (2007) 123-137 https://doi.org/10.1080/ 02690940701394205. · DOI
- A. Więckowski, "JA-WA" -a wall construction system using unilateral material application with a mobile robot, Autom. ConStruct. 83 (2017) 19-28 https://doi. org/10.1016/J.AUTCON.2017.02.005. · DOI
- C. Wong, E. Yang, X.-T. Yan, D. Gu, Autonomous robots for harsh environments: a holistic overview of current solutions and ongoing challenges, Syst. Sci. Control Eng. 6 (2018) 213-219 https://doi.org/10.1080/21642583.2018.1477634. · DOI
- P. Wu, J. Wang, X. Wang, A critical review of the use of 3-D printing in the con- struction industry, Autom. ConStruct. 68 (2016) 21-31 https://doi.org/10.1016/J. AUTCON.2016.04.005. · DOI
- S. You, J.-H. Kim, S. Lee, V. Kamat, L.P. Robert, Enhancing perceived safety in human-robot collaborative construction using immersive virtual environments, Autom. ConStruct. 96 (2018) 161-170 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AUTCON.2018. 09.008. · DOI
- X. Zhang, M. Li, J.H. Lim, Y. Weng, Y.W.D. Tay, H. Pham, Q.-C. Pham, Large-scale 3D printing by a team of mobile robots, Autom. ConStruct. 95 (2018) 98-106 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AUTCON.2018.08.004. · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Abioye, S. O., Oyedele, L. O., Akanbi, L., Ajayi, A., Davila Delgado, J. M., Bilal, M., Akinade, O. O., & Ahmed, A. (2021) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103299 · Cited by 1,015 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvanced Applications of Industrial Robotics: New Trends and Possibilities
Dzedzickis, A., Subačiūtė-Žemaitienė, J., Šutinys, E., Samukaitė-Bubnienė, U., & Bučinskas, V. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12010135 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Adoption of AI-empowered industrial robots in auto component manufacturing companies
Pillai, R., Sivathanu, B., Mariani, M., Rana, N. P., Yang, B., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2022) · Production Planning & Control · doi:10.1080/09537287.2021.1882689 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Robotics in the Construction Sector: Trends, Advances, and Challenges
Liu, Y., A.H., A., Haron, N. A., N.A., B., & Wang, H. (2024) · Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems · doi:10.1007/s10846-024-02104-4 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
- Authors
- Davila Delgado, J. M., Oyedele, L., Ajayi, A., Akanbi, L., Akinade, O., Bilal, M., & Owolabi, H.
- Affiliations
- University of the West of England (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Oyedele, Lukumon
- Venue
- Journal of Building Engineering
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-11
- Volume
- 26
- Pages
- 100868
- ISSN
- 2352-7102 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2960054529
- Cited by
- 607
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 108 · 2024: 132 · 2023: 117 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 29.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Building Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Innovate UK (102061, 44746-322224, EP/N509012/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › BIM and Construction Integration
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Construction Project Management and Performance
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials
- Keywords
- construction robotics, construction automation, technology adoption barriers, construction industry, construction productivity, organizational culture, business case
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review