Energy drink consumption and the risk of alcohol use disorder among a national sample of adolescents and young adults
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Objective To assess the association between energy drink use and hazardous alcohol use among a national sample of adolescents and young adults.Study design Cross-sectional analysis of 3342 youth aged 15-23 years recruited for a national survey about media and alcohol use. Energy drink use was defined as recent use or ever mixed-use with alcohol. Outcomes were ever alcohol use and 3 hazardous alcohol use outcomes measured with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): ever consuming 6 or more drinks at once (6+ binge drinking) and clinical criteria for hazardous alcohol use as defined for adults (8+AUDIT) and for adolescents (4+AUDIT).Results Among 15-17 year olds (n = 1508), 13.3% recently consumed an energy drink, 9.7% ever consumed an energy drink mixed with alcohol, and 47.1% ever drank alcohol. Recent energy drink use predicted ever alcohol use among 15-17-year-olds only (OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.77-3.77). Of these 15-17-year-olds, 17% met the 6+ binge drinking criteria, 7.2% met the 8+AUDIT criteria, and 16.0% met the 4+AUDIT criteria. Rates of energy drink use and all alcohol use outcomes increased with age. Ever mixed-use with alcohol predicted 6+ binge drinking (OR 4.69; 95% CI 3.70-5.94), 8+AUDIT (OR 3.25; 95% CI 2.51-4.21), and 4+AUDIT (OR 4.15; 95% CI 3.27-5.25) criteria in adjusted models among all participants, with no evidence of modification by age.Conclusions Positive associations between energy drink use and hazardous alcohol use behaviors are not limited to youth in college settings.
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Advertisements for caffeinated energy drinks are specifically aimed at adolescent and young adult males.
“Advertisements for caffeinated energy drinks, the fastest growing segment of the beverage market (34, 35), are specifically aimed at adolescent and young adult males (36, 37).”
From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [36]
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The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review
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- Authors
- Emond, J. A., Gilbert-Diamond, D., Tanski, S. E., & Sargent, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Emond, Jennifer A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 165
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1194-1200
- ISSN
- 0022-3476 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4252708
- OpenAlex
- W2114973271
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 4.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ca077026-18, CA077026)
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA021347, AA 015591, R01AA015591, R01AA021347)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-077026, R01-CA077026, P30CA023108)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM104416)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P01ES022832)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- energy drinks, alcoholism, adolescent alcohol use, young adults, binge drinking, hazardous drinking, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Young Adult, Energy Drinks, Binge Drinking
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