Health Effects and Public Health Concerns of Energy Drink Consumption in the United States: A Mini-Review
Open accessAbstract
As energy drink consumption continues to grow worldwide and within the United States, it is important to critically examine the nutritional content and effects on population health of these beverages. This mini-review summarizes the current scientific evidence on health consequences from energy drink consumption, presents relevant public health challenges, and proposes recommendations to mitigate these issues. Emerging evidence has linked energy drink consumption with a number of negative health consequences such as risk-seeking behaviors, poor mental health, adverse cardiovascular effects, and metabolic, renal, or dental conditions. Despite the consistency in evidence, most studies are of cross-sectional design or focus almost exclusively on the effect of caffeine and sugar, failing to address potentially harmful effects of other ingredients. The negative health effects associated with energy drinks (ED) are compounded by a lack of regulatory oversight and aggressive marketing by the industry toward adolescents. Moreover, the rising trend of mixing ED with alcohol presents a new challenge that researchers and public health practitioners must address further. To curb this growing public health issue, policy makers should consider creating a separate regulatory category for ED, setting an evidence-based upper limit on caffeine, restricting sales of ED, and regulating existing ED marketing strategies, especially among children and adolescents.
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An emerging body of research has examined the association between caffeinated SSBs and caffeine-related health consequences including reduced sleep quality and headaches.
“An emerging body of research has also examined the association between caffeinated SSBs (e.g., energy drinks or colas) and caffeine-related health consequences including reduced sleep quality and headaches [13].”
From The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
Energy and sport drink consumption is rising rapidly in the U.S.
“Energy and sport drink consumption is rising rapidly in the U.S. [13] and so studies examining the negative health effects of caffeinated SSBs are needed to inform future efforts to reduce consumption.”
From The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Al-Shaar, L., Vercammen, K., Lu, C., Richardson, S., Tamez, M., & Mattei, J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mattei, Josiemer
- Venue
- Frontiers in Public Health
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2017-08-31
- Volume
- 5
- Pages
- 225-225
- ISSN
- 2296-2565 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5583516
- OpenAlex
- W2752436284
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL120951, HL098048)
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- energy drinks, caffeine, sugar, cardiovascular effects, mental health, risk seeking, renal effects, dental caries, regulatory policy, public health policy
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