A Safer, Wide-Temperature Liquefied Gas Electrolyte Based on Difluoromethane
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Usage of stronger Li+-coordinating nitriles such as acetonitrile and linear and cyclic ether cosolvents improved salt dissociation and solubility, resulting in a substantial increase at low temperature.
“Usage of the stronger (compared to semifluorinated short alkanes) Li + coordinating nitriles such as acetonitrile, linear and cyclic ether cosolvents improved salt dissociation and solubility resulting in a substantial increase at LT.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [77]
Section 1.2 (p. 4) reports that increasing the co-solvent-to-salt ratio allowed lithium salts to dissolve in difluoromethane; Section 1.3 (p. 6) finds that the ether co-solvent DME coordinates strongly to Li+. The paper does not establish the claimed effect for acetonitrile or cyclic ethers, nor does it attribute a substantial low-temperature increase to improved salt dissociation and solubility. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDuring nail penetration tests on cells with LGEs, the non-toxic solvent rapidly evaporated and escaped after penetration; the cells cooled and electrolyte conductivity dropped, shutting down ion transport and thermal runaway reactions.
“Importantly, during nail penetration test performed on cells with LGEs, the non-toxic solvent rapidly evaporated and immediately escaped after penetration.The cells cooled down and the electrolyte conductivity dropped as a result of the solvent evaporation which shut down the ion transport and thermal runaway reactions [77].”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [77]
Section 1.1 (p. 3) reports that the solvent rapidly escaped after nail penetration, cooling the cell and eliminating the ionic conductive pathway, so Li-ions could no longer move between electrodes. It reports no sparks or flames and says short-circuiting was prevented, but does not show that thermal-runaway reactions began and were then shut down. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Davies, D. M., Yang, Y., Sablina, E. S., Yin, Y., Mayer, M., Zhang, Y., Olguin, M., Lee, J. Z., Lu, B., Damien, D., Borodin, O., Rustomji, C. S., & Meng, Y. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Christ University (IN)
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Borodin, Oleg
- Rustomji, Cyrus S.
- Meng, Y. Shirley
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Power Sources
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 493
- Pages
- 229668
- ISSN
- 0378-7753 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3135496341
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Power Sources (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation Directorate for Engineering
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced battery technologies research
- Keywords
- R32, methyl fluoride, lithium metal anode, high-voltage cathodes, wide temperature range operation, battery safety, flammability, ionic conductivity, molecular dynamics simulation
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