The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
24-h Monitoring of plasma norepinephrine, MHPG, cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin in depression
Abstract
Unlabelled Depression is associated with alterations in hormone and catecholamine circadian rhythms. Analysis of these alterations has the potential to distinguish between three neurobiological models of depression, the catecholamine model, the phase advance model and the dysregulation model. Although a number of studies of 24-h rhythms have been reported, inconsistencies among the findings have complicated efforts to model the chronobiology of depression. The present study takes advantage of frequent plasma sampling over the 24-h period and a multioscillator cosinor model to fit the 24-h rhythms.Method Plasma levels of norepinephrine, cortisol, prolacatin and growth hormone were sampled at 30-min intervals, and MHPG at 60-min intervals, over a 24-h period in 22 patients with major depressive disorder and 20 healthy control volunteers.Results The depressed patients had phase advanced circadian rhythms for cortisol, norepinephrine and MHPG, phase advanced hemicircadian rhythms for cortisol and prolactin, and a phase advanced ultradian rhythm for prolactin compared to healthy control subjects. In addition, the rhythm-corrected 24-h mean value (mesor) of norepinephrine was lower in the depressed patients compared to the healthy controls. There also was a poorer goodness-of-fit for norepinephrine to the circadian oscillator in the depressed patients relative to the healthy controls.Conclusions These findings provide partial support for the dysregulation model of depression and are consistent with those studies that have found phase advances in cortisol, norepinephrine and MHPG rhythms in depression.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It has been documented that patients with major depression have elevated nocturnal body temperature, increased cortisol, lower melatonin, and lower norepinephrine levels [70,71].”
From Digital Biomarkers for Depression Screening With Wearable Devices: Cross-sectional Study With Machine Learning Modeling (2021) · cites this paper as [70]
Citations
Cites
Spitzer, R. L. (1978) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770300115013 · Cited by 6,946
THE CATECHOLAMINE HYPOTHESIS OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS: A REVIEW OF SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
Schildkraut, J. J. (1965) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.122.5.509 · Cited by 3,568
Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress
Bloom, F. E., & Kupfer, D. J. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,985
Causal Relationship Between Stressful Life Events and the Onset of Major Depression
Kendler, K. S., Karkowski, L. M., & Prescott, C. A. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.6.837 · Cited by 2,566 · cited 1×
“The dysregulation model is consistent with such features of major depression as its episodic course, its precipitation by significant stressors (Kendler et al., 1999), and the disorganized circadian rhythms (e.”
BackgroundPsychopharmacology: The Third Generation of Progress.
(1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-509_2 · Cited by 2,021
Norepinephrine in Depressive Reactions
Bunney, W. E. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01730060001001 · Cited by 1,166
Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress
Green, A. I. (1996) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.47.3.312 · Cited by 1,147
Disrupted 24-hour patterns of cortisol secretion in psychotic depression
Sachar, E. J. (1973) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1973.01750310011002 · Cited by 775
Yehuda, R., Teicher, M. H., Trestman, R. L., Levengood, R. A., & Siever, L. J. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00451-3 · Cited by 654
Self-citationWong, M., Kling, M. A., Munson, P. J., Listwak, S. J., Licinio, J., Prolo, P., Karp, B., McCutcheon, I. E., Geracioti, T. D., DeBellis, M. D., et al. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.1.325 · Cited by 581
Overview: toward a dysregulation hypothesis of depression
Siever, L. J., & Davis, K. L. (1985) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.142.9.1017 · Cited by 518
Self-citationSympathetic Nervous System Activity in Major Depression
Veith, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950050071008 · Cited by 457
Sources and Significance of Plasma Levels of Catechols and Their Metabolites in Humans
Goldstein, D. S., Eisenhofer, G., & Kopin, I. J. (2003) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.103.049270 · Cited by 441
Souêtre, E., Salvati, E., Belugou, J.-L., Pringuey, D., Candito, M., Krebs, B., Ardisson, J.-L., & Darcourt, G. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90207-2 · Cited by 396
CSF and Urinary Biogenic Amines and Metabolites in Depression and Mania
Koslow, S. H. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790080081011 · Cited by 313
Psychopharmacology: The Third Generation of Progress
Rogers, K. L. (1988) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.145.9.1161 · Cited by 292
Bunney, W. E. (2000) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(99)00145-1 · Cited by 268
High plasma norepinephrine levels in patients with major affective disorder
Lake, C. R., Pickar, D., Ziegler, M. G., Lipper, S., Slater, S., & Murphy, D. L. (1982) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.139.10.1315 · Cited by 250
Posener, J. A., DeBattista, C., Williams, G. H., KRAEMER, H. C., Kalehzan, B. M., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.8.755 · Cited by 215
Relation Between Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylglycol
Kopin, I. J., Gordon, E. K., Jimerson, D. C., & Polinsky, R. J. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6849119 · Cited by 204
Pituitary-adrenal axis rhythm disturbances in psychiatric depression.
Pfohl, B. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790320069009 · Cited by 201
Yehuda, R., Siever, L. J., Teicher, M. H., Levengood, R. A., Gerber, D. K., Schmeidler, J., & Yang, R.-K. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)80007-3 · Cited by 194
Self-citationWehr, T. A. (1980) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780160027002 · Cited by 194
Plasma Norepinephrine Level in Affective Disorders
Roy, A. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790350055010 · Cited by 183
Catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders
Brazer, J. W. (1969) · Graduate Medical Education Research Journal · Cited by 153
Cortisol Secretion in Endogenous Depression
Halbreich, U. M. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790320081011 · Cited by 134
Reduced Cortisol Latency in Depressive Illness
Jarrett, D. B. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790050032004 · Cited by 101
Chronobiology and Psychiatric Disorders
Halaris, A. E. (1989) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004850-198901000-00014 · Cited by 80
A neural theory of circadian rhythms: The gated pacemaker
Carpenter, G. A., & Grossberg, S. (1983) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00336883 · Cited by 79
Rao, M. L., Strebel, B., Halaris, A. E., Gross, G., Bräunig, P., Huber, G., & Marler, M. (1995) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(95)02525-2 · Cited by 73
Chronobiology and Psychiatric Disorders
Strassman, R. J. (1989) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.146.1.113-b · Cited by 70
Schatzberg, A. F., Orsulak, P. J., Rosenbaum, A. H., Maruta, T., Kruger, E. R., Cole, J. O., & Schildkraut, J. J. (1982) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.139.4.471 · Cited by 70
Teicher, M. H., & Barber, N. I. (1990) · Computers and Biomedical Research · doi:10.1016/0010-4809(90)90022-5 · Cited by 67
Self-citationRubín, R. T., Poland, R. E., Lesser, I. M., & Martin, D. J. (1989) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(89)90142-x · Cited by 63
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY OF DEPRESSION
Nicholas, L. M., Dawkins, K., & Golden, R. N. (1998) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70009-5 · Cited by 58
Affective Disorders and Circadian Rhythms
Hallonquist, J. D., Goldberg, M. A., & Brandes, J. S. (1986) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674378603100315 · Cited by 58
Plasma and CSF MHPG in normals [proceedings].
Dc, J., Jc, B., Lake, C. R., Post, R. M., Fk, G., & Kopin, I. J. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 51
The 24-Hour Profile of Plasma Prolactin in Men With Major Endogenous Depressive Illness
Linkowski, P., Cauter, E. V., L’Hermite‐Balériaux, M., Kerkhofs, M., Hubain, P., L'Hermite, M., & Mendlewicz, J. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810090055009 · Cited by 50
Growth Hormone Release during Sleep and with Thermal Stimulation in Depressed Patients
Schilkrut, R., Chandra, O., Osswald, M., Rüther, E., Baarfüsser, B., & Matussek, N. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000117479 · Cited by 49
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY OF DEPRESSION
Dinan, T. G. (1998) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70008-3 · Cited by 48
Voderholzer, U., Laakmann, G., Wittmann, R., Daffner, C., Hinz, A., Haag, C., & Baghai, T. C. (1993) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(93)90080-z · Cited by 44
Apparent phase advance in diurnal MHPG rhythm in depression
Gwirtsman, H. E., Halaris, A. E., Wolf, A. W., DeMet, E. M., Piletz, J. E., & Marler, M. (1989) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.146.11.1427 · Cited by 29
Growth hormone neurosecretory disfunction in major depressive illness
Fiasché, R., Fideleff, H. L., Moisezowicz, J., Frieder, P., Pagano, S. M., & Holland, M. (1995) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(95)00027-5 · Cited by 28
Growth hormone secretion during sleep in male depressed patients
Sakkas, P. N., Soldatos, C. R., Bergiannaki, J. D., Paparrigopoulos, T. J., & Stefanis, C. N. (1998) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(98)00018-9 · Cited by 26
Rubín, R. T., Poland, R. E., & Lesser, I. M. (1990) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(90)90044-3 · Cited by 24
Plasma norepinephrine and prediction of outcome in major depressive disorder
Johnston, T., Kelly, C. B., Stevenson, M. R., & Cooper, S. J. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00134-1 · Cited by 21
DeMet, E. M., Halaris, A. E., Gwirtsman, H. E., & Reno, R. M. (1985) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(85)90302-9 · Cited by 20
Diurnal neuroendocrine and autonomic function in acute and remitted depressed male patients
Trestman, R. L., Yehuda, R., Coccaro, E. F., Horvath, T., Knott, P. J., Gabriel, S. M., & Siever, L. J. (1995) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)00184-5 · Cited by 15
Self-citationOrigins and Significance of Dopa and Catecholamine Metabolites in Body Fluids
Kopin, I. J. (1992) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1014384 · Cited by 15
Jj, S., Pj, O., Schatzberg, A. F., Cole, J. O., & Rosenbaum, A. H. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 10
Diurnal rhythm of plasma MHPG in endogenous depression
Halbreich, U. M., Goldstein, S., Sharpless, N. S., Asnis, G. M., Kang, B., & Ryan, J. (1987) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(87)90125-9 · Cited by 8
Disruption of circadian MHPG rhythmicity in major depression
Piletz, J. E., DeMet, E. M., Gwirtsman, H. E., & Halaris, A. E. (1994) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)90018-3 · Cited by 8
MHPG circadian rhythmicity in blood of healthy subjects.
Marler, M., Halaris, A. E., & Piletz, J. E. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Cope, C. L. (1968) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.4.5627.377-c · Cited by 2
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Papousek, 1975, Chronobiologische Aspekte der Zyklothymie, Fortsch. Neurol. Psychiat, 43, 381
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Light as a central modulator of circadian rhythms, sleep and affect
LeGates, T. A., Fernandez, D. C., & Hattar, S. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3743 · Cited by 1,001
Circadian rhythm disturbances in depression
Germain, A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2008) · Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.964 · Cited by 644
Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity
Balbo, M., Leproult, R., & Van Cauter, E. (2010) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2010/759234 · Cited by 408
“An alteration of circadian rhythmicity, namely, a phase advance of the ACTH and cortisol nadir has been found in some studies [117, 118], but not in others [119, 120].”
ResultGordis, E. B., Granger, D. A., Susman, E. J., & Trickett, P. K. (2006) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.05.010 · Cited by 422
Cortisol and depression: three questions for psychiatry
Herbert, J. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000955 · Cited by 301
Metadata
- Authors
- Koenigsberg, H. W., Teicher, M. H., Mitropoulou, V., Navalta, C., New, A. S., Trestman, R., & Siever, L. J.
- Affiliations
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- UConn Health (US)
- Veterans Health Administration (US)
- Corresponding author
- Koenigsberg, Harold W.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 503-511
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1967191643
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institutes of Health
- National Center for Research Resources (5 M01RR00071, M01RR000071)
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- depression, major depressive disorder, circadian rhythm, ultradian rhythms, norepinephrine, MHPG, cortisol, growth hormone, prolactin, phase advance, chronobiology, cosinor analysis, mesor
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Norepinephrine, Prolactin, Human Growth Hormone
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review