The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mental disorders and subsequent educational attainment in a US national sample
Open accessAbstract
As part of a larger investigation of the adverse effects of mental disorders on role functioning, we examined the associations of early-onset mental disorders with subsequent educational attainment in a large nationally representative survey of the US adult population. Diagnoses and age of onset for each of 17 DSM-IV disorders were assessed through retrospective self-report with the fully structured WHO Composite International Diagnostic Instrument (CIDI). Survival analysis was used to examine the associations between early-onset DSM-IV/CIDI disorders and subsequent termination of schooling with controls for socio-demographic characteristics and childhood adversities (i.e. childhood traumatic events, childhood neglect, parental mental illness, family disruption, and low parental educational attainment). Mental disorders were found to be significantly associated with termination of schooling prior to completion of each of four educational milestones (primary school graduation, high school graduation, college entry, college graduation), with odds ratios in the range of 1.3-7.0. The proportion of school terminations attributable to mental disorders was largest for high school graduation (10.2%) but also meaningful for primary school graduation (3.8%), college entry (4.4%) and college graduation (2.6%). These results add to a growing body of evidence documenting a wide variety of adverse life course effects of mental disorders.
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“Early-onset MDD is found to predict difficulties in subsequent role transitions, including low educational attainment, high risk of teen child-bearing, marital disruption, and unstable employment.”
From The Costs of Depression (2012) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Several studies show early-onset mental disorders associated termination of education.19–26 While disruptive behavior disorders and bipolar disorder tend to have the strongest associations in these studies, MDD also is significantly associated with a roughly 60% elevated odds of failure to complete secondary school than otherwise comparable youth in high income countries.”
From The Costs of Depression (2012) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Results have been inconsistent, with the majority of studies, but not all [9], finding significant gross associations of childhood and adolescent mental disorders with low levels of educational attainment and some finding that significant gross associations are explained by childhood adversities that preceded onset of the disorders [11,22].”
From Long-term effects of mental disorders on educational attainment in the National Comorbidity Survey ten-year follow-up (2015) · cites this paper as [12]
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Cites
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391
Self-citationKessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052
Self-citationKessler, R. C., & Üstün, T. B. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.168 · Cited by 4,771
Self-citationThe Family History Method Using Diagnostic Criteria
Andreasen, N. C. (1977) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1977.01770220111013 · Cited by 1,903
Education and Health: Evaluating Theories and Evidence
Cutler, D., & Lleras-Muney, A. (2006) · doi:10.3386/w12352 · Cited by 1,507
Kirk, J., & Miller, M. L. (1986) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412985659.n2 · Cited by 1,379
Social consequences of psychiatric disorders, I: Educational attainment
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.7.1026 · Cited by 1,370
Self-citationChildhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey
KESSLER, R. C., DAVIS, C. G., & KENDLER, K. S. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797005588 · Cited by 1,298
Self-citationMental Health, Educational, and Social Role Outcomes of Adolescents With Depression
Fergusson, D. M., & Woodward, L. J. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.3.225 · Cited by 1,112
Life course outcomes of young people with anxiety disorders in adolescence
WOODWARD, L. J., & FERGUSSON, D. M. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200109000-00018 · Cited by 1,051
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Items 501–507 of 507
Xu, Q., Yu, Z., Xu, Z., Li, Y., Tan, A., & Yu, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1838943
Almogheer, Z. S., Seng, S., Schuman, D. L., Rayens, M. K., Moser, D. K., & Okoli, C. T. C. (2026) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/10783903261463187
Socioeconomic disparities in substance use disorder prevalence and severity across the life coursePreprint
Barr, P. B., Cooke, M. E., Kuo, S. I., Garrison‐Desany, H. M., Pandey, G., Bucholz, K. K., Edenberg, H. J., Kinreich, S., Porjesz, B., Salvatore, J. E., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.09.03.26362182
Psychology and Mental Health in Schools
Finkbeiner, M., Conzelmann, A., Andreatta, M., Renner, T. J., & Gawrilow, C. (2025) · Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1026/0049-8637/a000325
Generative Artificial Intelligence Use and Adolescent Mental Health
Nagata, J. M., Hur, J. O., Diep, T., Alsamman, H., Lee, E. D., Heuer, A., Huynh, H., Nayak, S., McBain, R. K., Cantor, J. H., et al. (2026) · Current Pediatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s40124-026-00388-8 · Cited by 1
Cherian, J., Halvorson-Phelan, J., Bradshaw, C., Loftness, B. C., Berman, I., Potts, E., Hidalgo, J. E., Burr, M., McGinnis, R. S., & McGinnis, E. W. (2026) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/98563
Shin, S., Naff, D., Corso, C. B., Powell, S., & Liu, J. L. (2026) · Journal of Applied School Psychology · doi:10.1080/15377903.2026.2744957
Metadata
- Authors
- Breslau, J., Lane, M., Sampson, N., & Kessler, R. C.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Breslau, Joshua
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 708-716
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2748981
- OpenAlex
- W2020028691
- Cited by
- 509
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 20.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01-MH66057, U01-MH60220)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- mental illness, educational attainment, early-onset mental disorders, childhood adversity, childhood trauma, child neglect, parental mental illness, family breakdown, college graduation, high school graduation, DSM-IV disorders, Composite International Diagnostic Interview
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schools, United States, Universities, Prevalence, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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