The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
White matter microstructure in female to male transsexuals before cross-sex hormonal treatment. A diffusion tensor imaging study
Abstract
Background Some gray and white matter regions of the brain are sexually dimorphic. The best MRI technique for identifying subtle differences in white matter is diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether white matter patterns in female to male (FtM) transsexuals before commencing cross-sex hormone treatment are more similar to that of their biological sex or to that of their gender identity.Method DTI was performed in 18 FtM transsexuals and 24 male and 19 female heterosexual controls scanned with a 3 T Trio Tim Magneton. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was performed on white matter fibers of the whole brain, which was spatially analyzed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics.Results In controls, males have significantly higher FA values than females in the medial and posterior parts of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), the forceps minor, and the corticospinal tract. Compared to control females, FtM showed higher FA values in posterior part of the right SLF, the forceps minor and corticospinal tract. Compared to control males, FtM showed only lower FA values in the corticospinal tract.Conclusions Our results show that the white matter microstructure pattern in untreated FtM transsexuals is closer to the pattern of subjects who share their gender identity (males) than those who share their biological sex (females). Our results provide evidence for an inherent difference in the brain structure of FtM transsexuals.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“between 3 and 60 months, females exhibit a higher rate of myelination compared with males in the genu of the corpus callosum, in left frontal and left temporal white matter, and in the right optic radiation130.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [130]
Citations
Cites
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139
Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL
Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Woolrich, M. W., Beckmann, C. F., Behrens, T. E. J., Johansen-Berg, H., Bannister, P. R., De Luca, M., Drobnjak, I., Flitney, D. E., et al. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051 · Cited by 13,630
Fast robust automated brain extraction
Smith, S. M. (2002) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.10062 · Cited by 10,496
Tract-based spatial statistics: Voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data
Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Johansen‐Berg, H., Rueckert, D., Nichols, T. E., Mackay, C. E., Watkins, K. E., Ciccarelli, O., Cader, M. Z., Matthews, P. M., et al. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024 · Cited by 6,598
Nonrigid registration using free-form deformations: application to breast mr images
Rueckert, D., Sonoda, L. I., Hayes, C., Hill, D. L. G., Leach, M. O., & Hawkes, D. J. (1999) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.796284 · Cited by 5,265
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ‐ IV ‐ TR )
Segal, D. L. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0271 · Cited by 4,687
KRINGELBACH, M. (2004) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.03.006 · Cited by 1,977
Paxinos, G., & Jürgen, K. (2004) · Cited by 1,478
Microstructural maturation of the human brain from childhood to adulthood
Lebel, C., Walker, L., Leemans, A., Phillips, L., & Beaulieu, C. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.053 · Cited by 1,398
Schmahmann, J. D., & Pandya, D. N. (2006) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195104233.001.0001 · Cited by 1,157
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Bobes, 1997, Validez del M.I.N.I. (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) en tres centros de AP en España, Psiquiatría Biológica, 4, 79
- Gómez-Gil, 2005, Estimación de la prevalencia, incidencia y razón de sexos del transexualismo en Cataluña según la demanda asistencial, Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 34, 295
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–186 of 186
Biological studies of transgender identity: A critical review
Levin, R. N., Erickson‐Schroth, L., Mak, K. J., & Edmiston, E. K. (2022) · Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19359705.2022.2127042 · Cited by 15
Soleman, R. S., Staphorsius, A. S., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Lambalk, C. B., Veltman, D. J., van Trotsenburg, M. A. A., Hompes, P. G. A., Drent, M. L., de Ronde, W. P., & Kreukels, B. P. C. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu201 · Cited by 15
van Heesewijk, J., Steenwijk, M. D., Kreukels, B. P. C., Veltman, D. J., Bakker, J., & Burke, S. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721005547 · Cited by 18
Conceptualizing Gender: Lessons from the Canadian Trans Youth Health Survey
Frohard‐Dourlent, H., Saewyc, E., Peter, T., & MacAulay, M. (2020) · Signs · doi:10.1086/709302 · Cited by 17
Rodie, M., Forbes, K. P. N., & Muir, K. W. (2014) · Endocrine development · doi:10.1159/000363628 · Cited by 14
Treichler, E. B. H., Palmer, B. W., Wu, T., Thomas, M. L., Tu, X. M., Daly, R., Lee, E., & Jeste, D. V. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769294 · Cited by 18
Cross-sex hormone treatment and own-body perception: behavioral and brain connectivity profiles
Khorashad, B. S., Manzouri, A., Feusner, J. D., & Savic, I. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80687-2 · Cited by 11
Uribe, C., Junqué, C., Gómez‐Gil, E., Díez‐Cirarda, M., & Guillamón, A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-00508-y · Cited by 10
Self-citationSexual Identity and Sexual Orientation
Castellanos-Cruz, L., Bao, A., & Swaab, D. F. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803592-4.00104-8 · Cited by 10
The Effects of Testosterone on the Brain of Transgender Men
Zubiaurre‐Elorza, L., Cerdán, S., Uribe, C., Pérez-Laso, C., Marcos, A., del Cerro, M. C. R., Fernández, R., Pásaro, E., & Guillamón, A. (2021) · Androgens Clinical Research and Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/andro.2021.0008 · Cited by 11
Ackermann, C., Andronikou, S., Saleh, M. G., Kidd, M., Cotton, M. F., Meintjes, E. M., & Laughton, B. (2020) · AIDS Research and Therapy · doi:10.1186/s12981-020-00278-z · Cited by 9
Roughgarden, J. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420190-3.00030-2 · Cited by 9
Spizzirri, G. (2012) · Cited by 8
Levant, R. F., Alto, K. M., McKelvey, D. K., Pardo, S. T., Jadaszewski, S. E., Richmond, K. A., Keo-Meier, C. L., & Gerdes, Z. (2019) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000215 · Cited by 11
Feminist interventions on the sex/gender question in neuroimaging research
Bryant, K., Grossi, G., & Kaiser, A. (2019) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University) · Cited by 8
Redcay, A., Counselman-Carpenter, E. A., McMahon, S. M., Luquet, W., Rice, K., & Lance, R. (2019) · Journal of Human Rights and Social Work · doi:10.1007/s41134-019-00102-3 · Cited by 8
Neuroscience in transgender people: an update
Kiyar, M., Collet, S., T'Sjoen, G. G., & Mueller, S. C. (2020) · e-Neuroforum · doi:10.1515/nf-2020-0007 · Cited by 8
Gender Identity and Trans Equality: A Comment on Burt
Sherrick, A. (2021) · Feminist Criminology · doi:10.1177/15570851211006471 · Cited by 8
After the trans brain: a critique of the neurobiological accounts of embodied trans* identities
Zabalegui, M. A. (2024) · History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40656-023-00602-6 · Cited by 7
Kim, G.-W., Kim, Y., Park, K., & Jeong, G. (2019) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-019-0111-5 · Cited by 7
Cortical Gyrification in Transgender Individuals
Wang, Y., Khorashad, B. S., Feusner, J. D., & Savic, I. (2021) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa412 · Cited by 7
Faheem, A., Balasubramanian, I., & Menon, V. (2022) · Journal of Current Research in Scientific Medicine · doi:10.4103/jcrsm.jcrsm_33_22 · Cited by 6
Bakker, J. (2024) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105601 · Cited by 6
Gender Dysphoria in Adults: An Overview and Primer for Psychiatrists
Byne, W. M., Karasic, D. H., Coleman, E., Eyler, A. E., Kidd, J. D., Meyer‐Bahlburg, H. F. L., Pleak, R. R., & Pula, J. (2020) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.18304 · Cited by 6
Neurobiology of Pediatric Gender Identity
Kreukels, B., & Burke, S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38909-3_4 · Cited by 3
Biological basis of gender identity
Fisher, A. D., & Cocchetti, C. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815968-2.00009-8 · Cited by 6
Thurston, L. T., Rodkong, A., Saokhieo, P., Supindham, T., Kaewthip, O., Wantanajittikul, K., Skorska, M. N., Lai, M., Chariyalertsak, S., Saekho, S., et al. (2025) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70188 · Cited by 5
Fernández, R., Zubiaurre‐Elorza, L., Santisteban, A., Ojeda, N., Collet, S., Kiyar, M., T'Sjoen, G. G., Mueller, S. C., Guillamón, A., & Pásaro, E. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-48782-2 · Cited by 5
Biology of Gender Identity and Gender Incongruence
Hamidi, O., & Nippoldt, T. B. (2019) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05683-4_3 · Cited by 5
Ettner, R., Ettner, F. M., Schechter, L. S., Friese, T. R., & White, T. J. H. (2018) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.14302/issn.2643-6655.jcap-18-2086 · Cited by 5
Westwater, J. J., Riley, E. A., & Peterson, G. M. (2020) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2020.1777616 · Cited by 6
Metoki, A., Chauvin, R. J., Gordon, E. M., Laumann, T. O., Kay, B. P., Adeyemo, B., Krimmel, S. R., Marek, S. A., Wang, A., Van, A. N., et al. (2025) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101624 · Cited by 4
Nakachi, Y., Iseki, M., Yokoo, T., Mizuno, Y., & Okazaki, Y. (2015) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.12802 · Cited by 4
Gender-affirming multidisciplinary care for transgender and non-binary children and adolescents
Warwick, R. M., & Shumer, D. E. (2021) · Children s Health Care · doi:10.1080/02739615.2021.2004146 · Cited by 4
Ettner, R. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29093-1_2 · Cited by 4
Reprint of “Structural and functional correlates of epileptogenesis — Does gender matter?"
Savić, I., & Engel, J. (2014) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.001 · Cited by 3
Almås, E., Benestad, E. E. P., Bolstad, S.-H., Karlsen, T., & Giami, A. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12040482 · Cited by 3
Born This Way: Comment on Factitious Intersex Conditions
Zucker, K. J. (2012) · International Journal of Sexual Health · doi:10.1080/19317611.2012.685024 · Cited by 3
Maniaci, G., Collura, G., Cascia, C. L., Piccoli, T., Bongiorno, E., Barresi, I., Marrale, M., Gagliardo, C., Giammanco, A., Blandino, V., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13195856 · Cited by 2
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in the Transgender Patient: A Scoping Review
Hatanaka, L. M. D. S. S., Pereira, G. M. V., Lara, L. A. D. S., Ferreira, C. H. J., Juliato, C. R. T., & Brito, L. G. O. (2025) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-025-06294-9 · Cited by 2
The tale of EDCs and trans identities
Zabalegui, M. A. (2024) · Diogenes · doi:10.1017/s0392192123000287 · Cited by 4
A brief historic overview of sexual and gender diversity in neuroscience: past, present, and future
Moreno, A., Manca, R., Albrechet‐Souza, L., Nel, J. A., Spantidakis, Ι., Venter, Z., & Juster, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2024.1414396 · Cited by 2
Kreukels, B. P. C. (2011) · Neuropraxis · doi:10.1007/s12474-011-0029-2 · Cited by 2
The Role of Pubertal Hormones in the Development of Gender Identity: fMRI Studies
Burke, S., & Bakker, J. (2014) · Research and perspectives in endocrine interactions · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09168-6_3 · Cited by 2
Queer Europe: New Normative Values for Global LGBT Law
Whittle, S., & Turner, L. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-349-71325-7_2 · Cited by 2
Using Selective Search and CNN for Counting Motorcycles in Images
Hong, T., Yang, Y., & Su, J.-H. (2018) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04585-2_37 · Cited by 2
Let's Talk About Sex: Understanding Gender Beyond Genetics
McKeague, M., & Terry, S. F. (2019) · Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers · doi:10.1089/gtmb.2019.29048.sjt · Cited by 2
An Introduction to Gender Diversity
Knudson, G., Winter, S., Baral, S., Reisner, S. L., & Wylie, K. R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-49642-1.00001-6 · Cited by 2
Skorska, M. N., Thurston, L. T., Biasin, J. M., Devenyi, G. A., Zucker, K. J., Chakravarty, M. M., Lai, M., & VanderLaan, D. P. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13060963 · Cited by 2
Gauthier, C. A. (2014) · TSQ Transgender Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1215/23289252-2399551 · Cited by 2
le Roux, N. (2013) · Staff Publications Online (The Tavistock and Portman) · doi:10.15123/pub.3493 · Cited by 2
Transtornos da identidade de gênero: o que o ginecologista precisa saber sobre transexualismo
Lara, L. A. D. S., Abdo, C. H. N., & Romão, A. P. M. S. (2013) · Revista Brasileira Ginecologia e Obstetrícia · doi:10.1590/s0100-72032013000600001 · Cited by 2
Cuéllar‐Flores, I., García, M. M.-B., Ron, A. G., Villanueva, S., Vivas, E. A., & Lara, D. L. (2024) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.7803.2023207 · Cited by 3
Genderinkongruenz, das Gehirn und die Hormone
van Trotsenburg, M. (2017) · Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1007/s41969-017-0017-0 · Cited by 1
The neurobiology of gender identity and gender dysphoria
Savic, I. (2023) · Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88534-8.00005-5 · Cited by 1
Thurston, L. T., Skorska, M. N., Lobaugh, N. J., Zucker, K. J., Chakravarty, M. M., Lai, M., Chavez, S., & VanderLaan, D. P. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0300139 · Cited by 1
Care of Transgender/Gender Nonconforming Youth
Rosenthal, S. M., & Wisniewski, A. B. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-62520-3.00019-1 · Cited by 1
Gender Identity Disorder/Gender Dysphoria
Zucker, K. J. (2015) · The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp422
Morphological Differences in Adolescent Female to Male Transsexuals before Cross-Hormone Treatment
Bruchhage, M. M. K. (2013) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Assessing Pubertal Timing and Dynamics in a Large Longitudinal Sample of Adolescent Males
Khairullah, A. (2013) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Spizzirri, G. (2016) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2016.tde-18112016-123020
TRANSEXUALIDADE - A QUEBRA DE PARADIGMAS À LUZ DO BIODIREITO - 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2016V68P587
de Souza, M. B., & Vieira, O. J. Z. (2016) · Revista da Faculdade de Direito da UFMG · doi:10.12818/p.0304-2340.2016v68p587
Familial Attitudes and Behaviors as Predictors of Transgenderism
Cockrell, A. D. (2017)
Transgender Hormonal Treatment
Webb, R., & Safer, J. D. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47912-7.00028-7
Neurobiological basis of gender dysphoria - actual hypothetical models
Duišin, D., Barišić, J., Milovanović, S., Bizic, M., & Đorđević, L. (2018) · Engrami · doi:10.5937/engrami1802054d
Marshall, Z. (2018) · Memorial University Research Repository (Memorial University)
Stathatos, M. (2020) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Brain Connectivity Dynamics in Untreated Transmen and Cisgender IndividualsPreprint
Uribe, C., Junqué, C., Gómez‐Gil, E., Díez‐Cirarda, M., & Guillamón, A. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-376858/v1
Self-citationGupta, R., & Gupta, R. (2021) · Indian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.25259/ijms_494_2020
Differences Between Genders in the Organization and the Functioning of the Brain
Fountoulakis, K. N. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10351-3_17
The Health Psychologist Role in Providing Services to Transgender Veterans
George, S., Crocker, S., Voltmer, A., & James, L. C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-12063-3_13
Wren, B. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Forum · doi:10.53841/bpscpf.2019.1.324.1
Working with Transgender Clients: Considerations for Psychological Testing and Assessment
Lewitzke, K. (2018) · Graduate Student Journal of Psychology · doi:10.52214/gsjp.v17i.10922
A gendered brain perspective from structure to brain interactions
Uribe, C., Zubiaurre‐Elorza, L., & Guillamón, A. (2023) · Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88534-8.00049-3
Fernández, R., Zubiaurre‐Elorza, L., Ojeda, N., Collet, S., Kiyar, M., T'Sjoen, G. G., Mueller, S. C., Guillamón, A., & Pásaro, E. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3111998/v1
Fernández, R., Zubiaurre‐Elorza, L., Ojeda, N., Collet, S., Kiyar, M., T'Sjoen, G. G., Mueller, S. C., Guillamón, A., Pásaro, E., & Santisteban, A. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3111998/v2
Lawrence, A. A. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781394258970.ch17
Neurophysiological Basis of Gender Incongruence in DSD vs Transgender Population
Patil, A., Ratan, S. K., & Yadav, D. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-1639-5_55
Whittle, S. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198847793.013.29
Care of Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth
Lee, J. Y., Perl, L., & Rosenthal, S. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66296-6_39
Problems and Prospects of Molecular Psychogenetics in the Study of Transsexsualism
Zhukovskii, A. O., Kremenitskaya, S. A., Solovieva, N. V., Рысков, А. П., & Vasilyev, V. A. (2025) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1134/s0026893325700037
Embryological mechanisms of sexual orientation and gender identity disorders
Nikitin, A. I. (2025) · Russian Journal of Human Reproduction · doi:10.17116/repro20253103134
Maniaci, G., Collura, G., Cascia, C. L., Piccoli, T., Bongiorno, E., Barresi, I., Marrale, M., Gagliardo, C., Giammanco, A., Blandino, V., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2091822/v1
Explicit gender stereotypes and sexually polymorphic cognition by gender identity
Guérin, M., Saulnier, F., Cartier, L., Hirnstein, M., Hétu, S., & Juster, R. (2025) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-025-00813-5
Metadata
- Authors
- Rametti, G., Carrillo, B., Gómez-Gil, E., Junque, C., Segovia, S., Gomez, Á., & Guillamon, A.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (ES)
- ORCID
- Carrillo, Beatriz
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 199-204
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2103554216
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 13.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Emory University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- female-to-male transsexuals, white matter microstructure, sexual dimorphism, brain structure, gender identity, superior longitudinal fasciculus, forceps minor, corticospinal tract, fractional anisotropy, sex differences in brain
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Male, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Sex Characteristics, Transsexualism, Young Adult, Diffusion Tensor Imaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
