Cited by 1,055Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMaternal and Neonatal HealthcareMaternal and Perinatal Health Interventions

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Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Shorey, Shefaly, Chee, Cornelia Yin Ing, Ng, Esperanza Debby, Chan, Yiong Huak, Tam, Wilson Wai San, Chong, Yap Seng·2018·Journal of Psychiatric Research

DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.001

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Abstract

This review aims to examine the prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers without prior history of depression including postpartum depression and who gave birth to healthy full-term infants. A systematic search of ClinicalTrials.gov, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and PubMed was performed for English articles from the inception of the database to November 2017, as well as a manual search of the reference lists of the included articles, and an expert panel was consulted. Across 15,895 articles, 58 articles (N = 37,294 women) were included in the review. The incidence of postpartum depression was 12% [95% CI 0.04-0.20] while the overall prevalence of depression was 17% [95% CI 0.15-0.20] among healthy mothers without a prior history of depression. Prevalence was similar regardless of the type of diagnostic tool used; however, there were statistical differences in the prevalence between different geographical regions, with the Middle-East having the highest prevalence (26%, 95% CI 0.13-0.39) and Europe having the lowest (8%, 95% CI 0.05-0.11). There was no statistical difference in prevalence between different screening time points, but an increasing prevalence was observed beyond six months postpartum. Intervention studies often neglect healthy mothers. This review reports a similar prevalence rate of postpartum depression among mothers without history of depression when compared to mothers with history of depression. Thus, future studies should place equal emphasis on this neglected group of mothers so that targeted interventions and follow-ups can be introduced at appropriate time points.

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“The prevalence of PPD is higher in the Middle-East and Asia when compared with Western countries [9].”
The Benefits of Holistic Therapy for Psychological Disorders in Postpartum Mother: A Systematic Review
Ainur, S., Herawati, L., & Widyawati, M. N. (2020) · STRADA JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN · doi:10.30994/sjik.v9i2.524 · Cited by 3
Hormonal conditions of postpartum depression
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Postpartum Depression, Complications During Pregnancy, and Offspring Behavior Problems in Early Childhood
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Cognitive Processing Therapy for Childbirth-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Report
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Counseling Clients With Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Feminist-Trauma Approach
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Reliability of Evidence to Guide Decision-Making in the Use of Acupuncture for Postpartum Depression
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“Studies have shown that 10%–30% of women suffer from postpartum depression[11,12] and the frequency of postpartum anxiety ranges from 13% to 40%.”
Background
Factors of Depression and its Prevalence among Pregnant Females Attending Antenatal Clinics in Pakistan
Farooq, R., Afsar, S., Mehdi, M., Jaffar, M. A., Ashfaq, S., & Hotiana, U. A. (2022) · Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences · doi:10.53350/pjmhs22166995 · Cited by 3
“Depression rates assessed during pregnancy can range from 8-16% in established states as compared to 20-26% in subordinate republics 13-14 .”
Background
Cross-sectional observational study protocol: missing microbes in infants born by caesarean section (MiMIC): antenatal antibiotics and mode of delivery
Warda, A. K., Dempsey, E. M., Forssten, S. D., Ryan, C. A., Cryan, J. F., Patterson, E., O’Riordan, M., O'Shea, C., Keohane, F., Meehan, G., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064398 · Cited by 3
Comparison of response options and actual symptom frequency in the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in women in early pregnancy and non-pregnant women
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A cross-sectional study of the psychosocial predictors of re-engaging in team sport during early motherhood
Liddelow, C., White, B., Arnold, E., & Vella, S. A. (2023) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2023.100555 · Cited by 4
Postpartum depressive symptoms in women with female genital mutilation in Somalia
Özer, Ö., Keleş, E., Eker, H. H., Baydili, K. N., & Osman, M. M. (2023) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2023.2256445 · Cited by 3
Risk psychosocial factors associated with postpartum depression trajectories from birth to six months
Handelzalts, J. E., Ohayon, S., Levy, S., & Peled, Y. (2024) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-023-02604-y · Cited by 5
“Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common complication of childbearing [1] and worldwide meta-analysis reported its pooled prevalence as 17.7%, ranging from 3 to 38% in different countries [1, 2].”
Influential
Post-traumatic change and resilience after childhood maltreatment: Impacts on maternal mental health over the postpartum period
Armer, J. S., Oh, W., Davis, M. T., Issa, M., Sexton, M. B., & Muzik, M. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.010 · Cited by 3
Hypnobirthing Training for First-Time Mothers: Pain, Anxiety and Postpartum Wellbeing
Yaqoob, H., Ju, X., & Jamshaid, S. (2024) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s465361 · Cited by 3
“9,10 For pregnant mothers, pain during labor and delivery poses a unique challenge.”
A single intravenous reelin injection restores corticosterone-induced neurochemical and behavioral alterations in dams during the post-partum period
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Extending the concept of “obstetric violence” to post-partum experiences: cautions regarding the “first ever” pill for post-partum depression
Yamin, A. E., & Cosgrove, L. (2024) · Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters · doi:10.1080/26410397.2024.2441031 · Cited by 3
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Lee, K., Barlas, J., & Gill, D. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07311-2 · Cited by 3
“From a mental health disorders perspective, 15% of mothers experience anxiety symptoms in the postnatal period (Dennis et al., 2017) and 17% of mothers develop postnatal depression (Shorey et al., 2018).”
SAÚDE MENTAL DE MULHERES COM QUADRO DE DEPRESSÃO PÓS-PARTO
Moraes, L. C. D. J., & Valladares-Torres, A. C. A. (2025) · Revista Multidisciplinar do Nordeste Mineiro · doi:10.61164/rmnm.v6i1.3714 · Cited by 3
Affinity of Women’s Depression with Bulesis Self-Help Regulations in the Postpartum Period
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BackgroundInfluential
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Familial risk of postpartum depression
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Anhedonia Symptoms and High Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein (hs‐CRP) Several Years Postpartum
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Authors: Shorey, S., Chee, C. Y. I., Ng, E. D., Chan, Y. H., Tam, W. W. S., & Chong, Y. S.
Affiliations: National University of Singapore (SG)
National University Hospital (SG)
Corresponding author: Shorey, Shefaly
ORCID: Shorey, Shefaly
Chee, Cornelia Yin Ing
Ng, Esperanza Debby
Chan, Yiong Huak
Tam, Wilson Wai San
Chong, Yap Seng
Venue: Journal of Psychiatric Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-09
Volume: 104
Pages: 235-248
ISSN: 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.001
OpenAlex: W2885511794
Cited by: 1,055
References: 106
Citations by year: 2026: 127 · 2025: 160 · 2024: 181 · 2023: 175 · 2022: 166 · 2021: 136 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 4
FWCI: 11.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Keywords: postpartum depression, prevalence, incidence, term infants, postpartum screening, diagnostic tools, regional variation, postpartum period
MeSH terms: Female, Humans, Mothers, Incidence, Prevalence, Databases, Factual, Depression, Postpartum

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Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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