Cited by 1,055Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMaternal and Neonatal HealthcareMaternal and Perinatal Health Interventions

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 112 of the 112 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Shorey, Shefaly, Chee, Cornelia Yin Ing, Ng, Esperanza Debby, Chan, Yiong Huak, Tam, Wilson Wai San, Chong, Yap Seng·2018·Journal of Psychiatric Research

DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.001

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This review aims to examine the prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers without prior history of depression including postpartum depression and who gave birth to healthy full-term infants. A systematic search of ClinicalTrials.gov, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and PubMed was performed for English articles from the inception of the database to November 2017, as well as a manual search of the reference lists of the included articles, and an expert panel was consulted. Across 15,895 articles, 58 articles (N = 37,294 women) were included in the review. The incidence of postpartum depression was 12% [95% CI 0.04-0.20] while the overall prevalence of depression was 17% [95% CI 0.15-0.20] among healthy mothers without a prior history of depression. Prevalence was similar regardless of the type of diagnostic tool used; however, there were statistical differences in the prevalence between different geographical regions, with the Middle-East having the highest prevalence (26%, 95% CI 0.13-0.39) and Europe having the lowest (8%, 95% CI 0.05-0.11). There was no statistical difference in prevalence between different screening time points, but an increasing prevalence was observed beyond six months postpartum. Intervention studies often neglect healthy mothers. This review reports a similar prevalence rate of postpartum depression among mothers without history of depression when compared to mothers with history of depression. Thus, future studies should place equal emphasis on this neglected group of mothers so that targeted interventions and follow-ups can be introduced at appropriate time points.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.001

Cites

112 of 112 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gotzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2700 · Cited by 17,648
The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions.
Downs, S. H., & Black, N. (1998) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.52.6.377 · Cited by 8,252
Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Incidence
Gavin, N. I., Gaynes, B. N., Lohr, K. N., Meltzer-Brody, S., Gartlehner, G., & Swinson, T. (2005) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000183597.31630.db · Cited by 3,282
Rates and risk of postpartum depression – a meta-analysis
O'hara, M. W., & Swain, A. M. (1996) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540269609037816 · Cited by 3,116
Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child
Stein, A., Pearson, R. M., Goodman, S. H., Rapa, E., Rahman, A., McCallum, M., Howard, L. M., & Pariante, C. M. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61277-0 · Cited by 2,166
Predictors of Postpartum Depression
Beck, C. T. (2001) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200109000-00004 · Cited by 1,960
Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review
Fisher, J., Cabral de Mello, M., Patel, V., Rahman, A., Tran, T., Holton, S., & Holmes, W. (2012) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.11.091850 · Cited by 1,798
A systematic review and meta-regression of the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression
Woody, C. A., Ferrari, A. J., Siskind, D. J., Whiteford, H. A., & Harris, M. G. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.05.003 · Cited by 1,577
The impact of postnatal depression and associated adversity on early mother–infant interactions and later infant outcome
Murray, L., Fiori-Cowley, A., Hooper, R., & Cooper, P. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131637 · Cited by 1,311

Show all 106 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Faria Pereira, 2015, Screening of depressive and anxiety symptoms in postpartum patients: a descriptive study, Online Braz. J. Nurs., 14, 1
Letourneau, 2012, Postpartum depression is a family affair: addressing the impact on mothers, fathers, and children. issues ment, Health Nurs., 33, 445
Monzon, 2014, Postpartum psychosis: updates and clinical issues.(special report), Psychiatr. Times, 31, 26

Sorted by citations

Perinatal mental health: a review of progress and challenges
Howard, L. M., & Khalifeh, H. (2020) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20769 · Cited by 1,118
Mapping global prevalence of depression among postpartum women
Wang, Z., Liu, J., Shuai, H., Cai, Z., Fu, X., Liu, Y., Xiao, X., Zhang, W., Krabbendam, E., Liu, S., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01663-6 · Cited by 910
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Liu, X., Wang, S., & Wang, G. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16121 · Cited by 520
Mental Health of Pregnant and Postpartum Women During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yan, H., Ding, Y., & Guo, W. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.617001 · Cited by 283
“0% in a systematic review andmeta-analysis that encompassed 58 studies with 37,294 postnatal women (Shorey et al., 2018).”
Background
A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of Perinatal Risk and Resilience During COVID-19
Farewell, C. V., Jewell, J. S., Walls, J., & Leiferman, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/2150132720944074 · Cited by 203
“The targeted audience for this study included mothers who met the following criteria: (1) over the age of 18 years, (2) English-speaking, (3) currently living in Colorado, and (4) being pregnant or within the first 6-months postpartum.”
Background
Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for perinatal maternal depression, anxiety and stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Li, X., Laplante, D. P., Paquin, V., Lafortune, S., Elgbeili, G., & King, S. (2022) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102129 · Cited by 143
Mothers’ and fathers’ lived experiences of postpartum depression and parental stress after childbirth: a qualitative study
Johansson, M., Benderix, Y., & Svensson, I. (2020) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2020.1722564 · Cited by 164
“Many research studies have found that postpartum depression in mothers is common after delivery, with a prevalence rate ranging from 10% to 15%, depending on the criteria used for diagnosis (Brummelte & Galea, 2016; Shorey et al., 2018).”
Background
Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta–analysis
Ahmad, H. A., Alkhatib, A., & Luo, J. (2021) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-021-04016-9 · Cited by 160
“Therefore, there was a need for a systematic review and meta–analysis, especially since it was not separately investigated in a previous study and it was only mentioned in a meta–analysis for all regions of the world, which in turn showed a higher prevalence of postpartum depression compared to other regions [30], and…”
BackgroundResult
Postpartum depression and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: prevalence and associated factors
Liu, Y., Zhang, L., Guo, N., & Jiang, H. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03432-7 · Cited by 143
“5%, which was within the range of 8– 26% reported in a global review article that included 58 articles (N = 37,294 women) [44], but higher than studies reported in other areas of China [20–22].”
Result
The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in depression across the female reproductive lifecycle: current knowledge and future directions
Hantsoo, L. V., Jagodnik, K. M., Novick, A. M., Baweja, R., di Scalea, T. L., Özerdem, A., McGlade, E., Simeonova, D. I., Dekel, S., Kornfield, S. L., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1295261 · Cited by 175
Postpartum Depression
Kroska, E. B., & Stowe, Z. N. (2020) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2020.05.001 · Cited by 136
Association between anemia and maternal depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Kang, S. Y., Kim, H.-B., & Sunwoo, S. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.01.001 · Cited by 108
When the Bough Breaks: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of mental health symptoms in mothers of young children during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Racine, N. M., Eirich, R., Cooke, J. E., Zhu, J., Pador, P., Dunnewold, N., & Madigan, S. L. (2021) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21959 · Cited by 136
“The postpartum period, including up to one year after the birth of a child, and early years of a child’s life are developmental stages associated with increased vulnerability to mental health difficulties for mothers (Cameron et al., 2016; Shorey et al., 2018).”
Background
Neglected medium-term and long-term consequences of labour and childbirth: a systematic analysis of the burden, recommended practices, and a way forward
Vogel, J. P., Jung, J., Lavin, T., Simpson, G., Kluwgant, D., Abalos, E. J., Díaz, V., Downe, S. M., Filippi, V., Gallos, I. D., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00454-0 · Cited by 107
Anxiety and depressive symptoms of women in the perinatal period during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Shorey, S., Ng, E. D., & Chee, C. Y. I. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948211011793 · Cited by 114
“In comparison to past reviews, our meta-analytic findings suggest a higher prevalence of antenatal depressive symptoms among pregnant women during the COVID-19 period than the preCOVID-19 period [3], and there was no difference in the prevalence of postnatal depressive symptoms between pre- and current COVID-19 period…”
ResultSelf-citation
The Global Burden and Risk of Perinatal Mental Illness and Substance Use Amongst Migrant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Stevenson, K., Fellmeth, G. L., Edwards, S., Calvert, C., Bennett, P. R., Campbell, O. M. R., & Fuhr, D. C. (2022) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00342-5 · Cited by 123
Effectiveness of Telehealth Interventions for Women With Postpartum Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Zhao, L., Chen, J., Lan, L., Deng, N., Liao, Y., Yue, L., Chen, I., Wen, S. W., & Xie, R. (2021) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/32544 · Cited by 112
“A systematic review comprised of 58 articles with a total of 37,294 women reported that the overall prevalence of PPD was 17% among healthy mothers [1].”
Background
Effects of COVID-19 Epidemic Lockdown on Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Italian Mothers
Spinola, O., Liotti, M., Speranza, A. M., & Tambelli, R. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589916 · Cited by 87
“Therefore, screening for PPD through the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS; (29)], as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, ultimately seems to be an accurate method of identifying postpartum depression.”
BackgroundInfluential
Risk factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms: A multinational study
Bradshaw, H., Riddle, J. N., Salimgaraev, R., Zhaunova, L., & Payne, J. L. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.121 · Cited by 89
Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on perinatal mental health (Riseup-PPD-COVID-19): protocol for an international prospective cohort study
Riseup-PPD-COVID-19 Group, Motrico, E., Bina, R., Domínguez‐Salas, S., Mateus, V., Contreras-García, Y., Carrasco‐Portiño, M., Ajaz, E., Apter, G., Christoforou, A., et al. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10330-w · Cited by 106
Estimation of postpartum depression risk from electronic health records using machine learning
Amit, G., Girshovitz, I., Marcus, K., Zhang, Y., Pathak, J., Bar, V., & Akiva, P. (2021) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-021-04087-8 · Cited by 86
“Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common complications of childbearing, estimated to affect 10–15% of mothers worldwide, with higher incidence rates in developing countries [1].”
Background
Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Early Postpartum Women
Jeong, Y. J., Nho, J., Kim, H. Y., & Kim, J. Y. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18062988 · Cited by 81
“A recent meta-analysis reported that postpartum depression affects approximately 17% of healthy women [11].”
Background
Does maternal postpartum depression affect children's developmental outcomes?
Aoyagi, S., & Tsuchiya, K. J. (2019) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.14064 · Cited by 91
Prevalence of suicidal ideation in pregnancy and the postpartum: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Xiao, M., Hu, Y., Huang, S., Wang, G., Zhao, J., & Lei, J. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.083 · Cited by 85
Global prevalence of perinatal depression and anxiety during the COVID ‐19 pandemic: An umbrella review and meta‐analytic synthesis
Caffieri, A., Gómez‐Gómez, I., Barquero‐Jimenez, C., de-Juan-Iglesias, P., Margherita, G., & Motrico, E. (2023) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14740 · Cited by 84
“10 In Europe, as well as in Oceania, a particularly high prevalence of antenatal anxiety was also found (41%, 42%).”
BackgroundInfluential
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Perinatal Mood, Anxiety, and Related Disorders: Guide de pratique 2024 du Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments pour le traitement des troubles de l'humeur, des troubles anxieux et des troubles connexes périnatals
Vigod, S. N., Frey, B. N., Clark, C. T., Grigoriadis, S., Barker, L. C., Brown, H. K., Charlebois, J., Dennis, C., Fairbrother, N., Green, S. M., et al. (2025) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/07067437241303031 · Cited by 91
Impact of mobile health interventions during the perinatal period on maternal psychosocial outcomes: a systematic review
Dol, J., Richardson, B., Murphy, G. T., Aston, M., McMillan, D., & Campbell-Yeo, M. (2020) · JBI Evidence Synthesis · doi:10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00191 · Cited by 77
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Perceived Stress in Postpartum Mexican Women during the COVID-19 Lockdown
Suárez-Rico, B. V., Estrada‐Gutiérrez, G., Sánchez-Martínez, M., Perichart‐Perera, O., Rodríguez-Hernández, C., González-Leyva, C. P., Osorio-Valencia, E., Cardona-Pérez, A., Helguera‐Repetto, A. C., y Sosa, S. E., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094627 · Cited by 77
“2%, which was higher than the global prevalence of postpartum depression described before the COVID-19 lockdown, which ranged from 14 to 20% among healthy mothers without a prior history of depression [37]; moreover, the prevalence found in our study was three times higher than the prevalence reported for North Americ…”
Result
The effectiveness of telemedicine interventions, delivered exclusively during the postnatal period, on postpartum depression in mothers without history or existing mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hanach, N., de Vries, N., Radwan, H., & Bissani, N. (2021) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2020.102906 · Cited by 75
Psychological risks to mother–infant bonding during the COVID-19 pandemic
Liu, C. H., Hyun, S., Mittal, L. P., & Erdei, C. (2021) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-021-01751-9 · Cited by 82
Relationship between perceived obstetric violence and the risk of postpartum depression: An observational study
Martínez‐Vázquez, S., Hernández‐Martínez, A., Rodríguez‐Almagro, J., Delgado‐Rodríguez, M., & Martínez‐Galiano, J. M. (2022) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2022.103297 · Cited by 78
Intense connection and love: The experiences of autistic mothers
Dugdale, A.-S., Thompson, A. R., Leedham, A. T., Beail, N., & Freeth, M. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211005987 · Cited by 79
“This aligns with research that suggests relationships between autistic adults involve a sense of acceptance and belonging (Sinclair, 2010) and peer support from other autistic adults can be highly valuable (Bertilsdotter Rosqvist, 2019; Sosnowy et al., 2019).”
Background
Rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms in the perinatal period during the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparisons between countries and with pre-pandemic data
Mateus, V., Cruz, S., Costa, R. A., Mesquita, A. R., Christoforou, A., Wilson, C. A., Vousoura, E., Dikmen‐Yildiz, P., Bina, R., Domínguez‐Salas, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.017 · Cited by 86
“Systematic reviews and meta-analyses reported a prevalence of PND of 20.7 % during pregnancy (Yin et al., 2021), and 17.0 % in the post-partum period (Hahn-Holbrook et al., 2018; Shorey et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluential
Reducing Postpartum Weight Retention: A Review of the Implementation Challenges of Postpartum Lifestyle Interventions
Makama, M., Skouteris, H., Moran, L., & Lim, S. S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10091891 · Cited by 80
“Previous systematic reviews reported the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the postpartum period as 17% and 15%, respectively [63,64].”
Background
Exercise During Pregnancy and Prenatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sánchez‐Polán, M., Álvarez, E. F., Silva-José, C., Ares, J. G., Pérez-Tejero, J., Barakat, R., & Refoyo, I. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.640024 · Cited by 72
Postpartum depression and associated factors among postpartum women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2020
Tolossa, T., Fetensa, G., Yilma, M. T., Abadiga, M., Wakuma, B., Besho, M., Fekadu, G., & Etafa, W. (2020) · Public health reviews · doi:10.1186/s40985-020-00136-3 · Cited by 67
“However, this finding is higher than the global magnitude of PPD, which is 17% [41].”
Background
GABAAR Modulator for Postpartum Depression
Módy, I. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.016 · Cited by 65
Health in Preconception, Pregnancy and Postpartum Global Alliance: International Network Preconception Research Priorities for the Prevention of Maternal Obesity and Related Pregnancy and Long-Term Complications
Hill, B., Skouteris, H., Teede, H. J., Bailey, C., Baxter, J.-A. B., Bergmeier, H. J., Borges, A. L. V., Harrison, C. L., Jack, B., Jorgensen, L., et al. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8122119 · Cited by 65
The relationship of childbirth experience with postpartum depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional study
Ahmadpour, P., Faroughi, F., & Mirghafourvand‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬, M. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01105-6 · Cited by 65
“%) in the Europe [53].”
Background
“I Wanted to Be There as a Father, but I Couldn’t”: A Qualitative Study of Fathers’ Experiences of Postpartum Depression and Their Help-Seeking Behavior
Pedersen, S., Maindal, H. T., & Ryom, K. (2021) · American Journal of Men's Health · doi:10.1177/15579883211024375 · Cited by 63
“Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental health problem among new parents (Cameron et al., 2016; Shorey et al., 2018).”
Background
Factors Associated with Obstetric Violence Implicated in the Development of Postpartum Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review
Silva-Fernández, C. S., de la Calle, M., Arribas, S. M., Garrosa, E., & Ramiro‐Cortijo, D. (2023) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep13040130 · Cited by 66
“PPD is one of the major complications during postpartum, with an estimated prevalence between 17% and 47% [10,11].”
Background
Association of Postpartum Depression with Maternal Suicide: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Lee, Y.-L., Tien, Y., Bai, Y.-S., Lin, C.-K., Yin, C.-S., Chung, C.-H., Sun, C.-A., Huang, S.-H., Huang, Y.-C., Chien, W.-C., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095118 · Cited by 61
“A meta-analysis including studies from 1989 to 2016 indicated that the prevalence of PPD ranged between 13% and 19% [2].”
Method
Mental disorder in pregnancy and the early postpartum
Cantwell, R. (2021) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.15424 · Cited by 63
Machine learning in the prediction of postpartum depression: A review
Cellini, P., Pigoni, A., Delvecchio, G., Moltrasio, C., & Brambilla, P. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.093 · Cited by 70
Postpartum depression and its association with intimate partner violence and inadequate social support in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Desta, M., Memiah, P. T. N., Kassie, B., Ketema, D. B., Amha, H., Getaneh, T., & Bitew, M. S. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.053 · Cited by 68
Postpartum Perceived Stress Explains the Association between Perceived Social Support and Depressive Symptoms
Leonard, K. S., Evans, M. B., Kjerulff, K. H., & Downs, D. S. (2020) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2020.05.001 · Cited by 60
Mums on the Move: A pilot randomised controlled trial of a home-based physical activity intervention for mothers at risk of postnatal depression
Teychenne, M. J., Abbott, G., Stephens, L. D., Opie, R., Olander, E. K., Brennan, L., van der Pligt, P., Apostolopoulos, M., & Ball, K. (2020) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2020.102898 · Cited by 57
Women's views and experiences of maternity care during COVID-19 in Ireland: A qualitative descriptive study
Panda, S., O’Malley, D., Barry, P., Vallejo, N., & Smith, V. A. (2021) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2021.103092 · Cited by 54
Depression and Anxiety in Mothers Who Were Pregnant During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: The Role of Pandemic-Related Emotional Stress and Perceived Social Support
Grumi, S., Provenzi, L., Accorsi, P., Biasucci, G., Cavallini, A. R., Decembrino, L., Falcone, R., Fazzi, E. M., Gardella, B., Giacchero, R., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.716488 · Cited by 61
Character, Circumstances, and Criminal Careers
Wikström, P. H., Treiber, K., & Roman, G. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198865865.001.0001 · Cited by 63
Evaluation of a Technology-Based Peer-Support Intervention Program for Preventing Postnatal Depression (Part 2): Qualitative Study
Shorey, S., & Ng, E. D. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/12915 · Cited by 55
“This corresponds with findings from another review [16], but the prevalence of PND varies across Asia itself as well, and South Asia collectively has higher PND rates than Western countries [17-18].”
Self-citation
Mental health-related telemedicine interventions for pregnant women and new mothers: a systematic literature review
Stentzel, U., Grabe, H. J., Schmidt, S., Tomczyk, S., van den Berg, N., & Beyer, A. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04790-0 · Cited by 52
Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression and environmental factors: The IGEDEPP cohort
Tebeka, S., Strat, Y. L., de Prémorel, A., Benachi, A., Dommergues, M., Kayem, G., Lepercq, J. A., Luton, D., Mandelbrot, L., Ville, Y. G., et al. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.004 · Cited by 62
“e PPD (12.9 %). These results are consistent with different international studies, evaluating PPD prevalence between 10 and 20 % during the first year postpartum (Ko et al., 2012; Heron et al., 2004; Shorey et al., 2018). Many factors can explain this range: the studies are heterogeneous in terms of population, timing…”
ResultInfluential
Validated tools to identify common mental disorders in the perinatal period: A systematic review of systematic reviews
Smith, M. S., Cairns, L., Pullen, L., Opondo, C., Fellmeth, G. L., & Alderdice, F. A. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.011 · Cited by 54
Adolescent perinatal mental health in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative evidence
Palfreyman, A., & Gazeley, U. (2022) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115413 · Cited by 60
“…higher prevalence of peri-natal mental disorders in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) than high-income countries (HICs) (Fisher et al., 2012; Shorey et al., 2018; Dennis et al., 2017; Fawcett et al., 2019), and self-harm is now a leading cause of pregnancy-related death in multiple LMICs…”
Diagnosis of peripartum depression disorder: A state-of-the-art approach from the COST Action Riseup-PPD
Radoš, S. N., Akik, B. K., Žutić, M., Muñoz, M. D. L. F. R., Uriko, K., Motrico, E., Moreno-Peral, P., Apter, G., & den Berg, M. P. L. (2024) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152456 · Cited by 74
Influence of parity and infant age on maternal self‐efficacy, social support, postpartum anxiety, and postpartum depression in the first six months in the Maritime Provinces, Canada
Dol, J., Richardson, B., Grant, A. K., Aston, M. L., McMillan, D., Murphy, G. T., & Campbell-Yeo, M. L. (2021) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12553 · Cited by 53
Maternal perinatal depression and child neurocognitive development: A relationship still to be clarified
Severo, M., Ventriglio, A., Bellomo, A., Iuso, S., & Petito, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1151897 · Cited by 63
“A recent systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of postpartum depression among healthy women who have never had depressive episodes stands at 17% (6).”
Background
Prevalence of and factors associated with postnatal depression and anxiety among parents of preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Nguyen, C. T. T., Sandhi, A., Lee, G. T., Nguyen, L. T. K., & Kuo, S.-Y. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.015 · Cited by 53
Good Practices in Perinatal Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Report from Task-Force RISEUP-PPD COVID-19
Motrico, E., Mateus, V., Bina, R., Felice, E., Bramante, A., Kalcev, G., Mauri, M., Martins, S., & Mesquita, A. R. (2020) · Clínica y Salud · doi:10.5093/clysa2020a26 · Cited by 52
“It is estimated that 1 in 5 women develop a mental health problem in the perinatal period (Hahn-Holbrook et al., 2018; World Health Organization, 2015), with depression and anxiety among the most prevalent conditions (Shorey et al., 2018).”
Background
Parental mental health screening in the NICU: a psychosocial team initiative
Grunberg, V. A., Geller, P. A., Hoffman, C., Njoroge, W., Ahmed, A., & Patterson, C. A. (2021) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/s41372-021-01217-0 · Cited by 51
Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among women living in the United Arab Emirates
Hanach, N., Radwan, H. M., Fakhry, R., Dennis, C., Bani‐Issa, W., Faris, M. E., Obaid, R. S., Marzooqi, S. A., Tabet, C., & de Vries, N. K. (2022) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02372-1 · Cited by 51
“[3] which found that prevalence estimates were statistically significant when stratified by geographical region (p < 0.”
Background
Risk of recurrence of mood disorders during pregnancy and the impact of medication: A systematic review
Stevens, A. W. M. M., Goossens, P. J. J., der Klein, E. A. M. K.-V., Draisma, S., Honig, A., & Kupka, R. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.018 · Cited by 53
Association between premenstrual dysphoric disorder and perinatal depression: a systematic review
Pereira, D., Pessoa, A. R., Madeira, N. G. G. F., Macedo, A., & Pereira, A. T. (2021) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-021-01177-6 · Cited by 48
Postpartum Depression
Wells, T. (2023) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2022.10.011 · Cited by 49
Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression Based on Genetic and Epigenetic Interactions
Luo, F., Zhu, Z., Du, Y., Chen, L., & Cheng, Y. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03313-y · Cited by 56
Predictors of postpartum depression among Chinese mothers and fathers in the early postnatal period: A cross-sectional study
Zheng, J., Sun, K., Aili, S., Yang, X. N., & Gao, L. (2021) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2021.103233 · Cited by 54
Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum depression
Dominiak, M., Antosik-Wójcińska, A. Z., Baron, M., Mierzejewski, P., & Święcicki, Ł. (2021) · Ginekologia Polska · doi:10.5603/gp.a2020.0141 · Cited by 63
Association between perinatal pain and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mo, J., Ning, Z., Wang, X., Lv, F., Feng, J., & Pan, L. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.010 · Cited by 48
The global prevalence of postpartum suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Amiri, S., & Behnezhad, S. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2021.1959814 · Cited by 44
“Postpartum depression was the most common mental disorder in postpartum women (Pham et al., 2018), with a prevalence rate reported to be about 17% (Shorey et al., 2018).”
Background
Parental Sensitivity and Responsiveness as Mediators Between Postpartum Mental Health and Bonding in Mothers and Fathers
Radoš, S. N. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.723418 · Cited by 45
Clinician-reported childbirth outcomes, patient-reported childbirth trauma, and risk for postpartum depression
Waller, R. E., Kornfield, S. L., White, L. K., Chaiyachati, B. H., Barzilay, R., Njoroge, W., Parish‐Morris, J., Duncan, A. F., Himes, M. M., Rodriguez, Y., et al. (2022) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-022-01263-3 · Cited by 45
“8% reported in recent large-scale meta-analyses conducted prior to the pandemic (Hahn-Holbrook et al. 2018; Shorey et al. 2018), which perhaps speaks to the extra stress faced by birthing individuals during our study period (i.”
Influential
Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Bo, H., Yang, Y., Chen, J., Zhang, M., Li, Y., Zhang, D., Li, Y., Li, R., Cheung, T. C. C., Ng, C. H., et al. (2020) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000904 · Cited by 46
Traditional plant use during lactation and postpartum recovery: Infant development and maternal health roles
Sibeko, L. N., Johns, T., & Cordeiro, L. (2021) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.114377 · Cited by 53
Postpartum Depression: A Clinical Review of Impact and Current Treatment Solutions
Dennis, C., Singla, D. R., Brown, H. K., Savel, K. A., Clark, C. T., Grigoriadis, S., & Vigod, S. N. (2024) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-024-02038-z · Cited by 66
Thyroid autoimmunity and risk of post-partum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Minaldi, E., D’Andrea, S., Castellini, C., Martorella, A., Francavilla, F., Francavilla, S., & Barbonetti, A. (2019) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-019-01120-8 · Cited by 44
Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial
Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4 · Cited by 44
“5% of psychologically related hospitalizations among women [5].”
Background
Health in Preconception, Pregnancy and Postpartum Global Alliance: International Network Pregnancy Priorities for the Prevention of Maternal Obesity and Related Pregnancy and Long-Term Complications
Hill, B., Skouteris, H., Boyle, J. A., Bailey, C., Walker, R., Thangaratinam, S., Sundseth, H., Stephenson, J., Steegers, E. A. P., Redman, L. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9030822 · Cited by 44
Primary prevention of depression: An umbrella review of controlled interventions
de Pablo, G. S., Solmi, M., Vaquerizo‐Serrano, J., Raduà, J., Passina, A., Mosillo, P., Correll, C. U., Borgwardt, S., Galderisi, S., Bechdolf, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.101 · Cited by 40
“G. Salazar de Pablo et al. Journal of Affective Disorders 294 (2021) 957–970 The incidence of postpartum depression is 12%, and the overall prevalence of depression is 17% in healthy mothers without a prior history of depression (Shorey et al., 2018).”
Background
Effectiveness of the CenteringPregnancy program on maternal and birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Chen, X., & Bai, J. (2021) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103981 · Cited by 42
A shorter breastfeeding duration in late preterm infants than term infants during the first year
Jónsdóttir, R. B., Jónsdóttir, H., Örlygsdóttir, B., & Flacking, R. (2020) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.15596 · Cited by 42
Effect of mindfulness-based interventions on mental health of perinatal women with or without current mental health issues: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Yan, H., Wu, Y., & Li, H. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.002 · Cited by 50
Allopregnanolone in Postpartum Depression
Pinna, G., Almeida, F. B., & Davis, J. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Global Women s Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2022.823616 · Cited by 42
Disrespect and abuse as a predictor of postnatal care utilisation and maternal-newborn well-being: a mixed-methods systematic review
Minckas, N., Gram, L., Smith, C. J., & Mannell, J. (2021) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004698 · Cited by 42
Predicting Women with Postpartum Depression Symptoms Using Machine Learning Techniques
Gopalakrishnan, A., Venkataraman, R., Gururajan, R., Zhou, X., & Zhu, G. (2022) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math10234570 · Cited by 46
Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum depression 2 months after a vaginal delivery: a prospective multicenter study
Froeliger, A., Deneux‐Tharaux, C., Loussert, L., Bouchghoul, H., Madar, H., & Sentilhes, L. (2023) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2023.08.026 · Cited by 50
Inflammatory pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in postpartum depression
Zhu, J., Jin, J., & Tang, J. Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.955672 · Cited by 47
“Due to the diverse economic levels and screening awareness, the incidence of PPD is different in various regions and may be underestimated (Shorey et al., 2018).”
Background
Timing of Postpartum Depressive Symptoms
Robbins, C. L., Ko, J. Y., D’Angelo, D. V., von Essen, B. S., Bish, C. L., Kroelinger, C. D., Tevendale, H. D., Warner, L., & Barfield, W. D. (2023) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd20.230107 · Cited by 39
Association of late-onset postpartum depression of mothers with expressive language development during infancy and early childhood: the HBC study
Aoyagi, S., Takei, N., Nishimura, T., Nomura, Y., & Tsuchiya, K. J. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.6566 · Cited by 45
Effects of psychoeducation on the mental health and relationships of pregnant couples: A systemic review and meta-analysis
Park, S., Kim, J., Oh, J., & Ahn, S. (2019) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103439 · Cited by 39
Associations Between Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Couples' Sexual Function and Sexual Distress Trajectories Across the Transition to Parenthood.
Dawson, S. J., Leonhardt, N. D., Impett, E., & Rosen, N. (2021) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa117 · Cited by 31
“Meta-analyses estimate between 10% and 25% of mothers and 10% and 26% of partners are affected by postpartum depression or significant symptoms of depression [4, 19] and that mothers’ and partners’ depressive symptoms are positively related [4, 20].”
Background
Maternal and Paternal Depression During Pregnancy in China: Prevalence, Correlates, and Network Analysis
Zhang, Y., Sun, H., Li, W., Luo, X., Liu, T., Fang, F., Xiao, J., Garg, S., Yang, Y., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s321675 · Cited by 37
Perinatal depression: Heterogeneity of disease and in animal models
Qiu, W., Hodges, T. E., Clark, E. L., Blankers, S. A., & Galea, L. A. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100854 · Cited by 39
Exclusive Breastfeeding Moderates the Association Between Prenatal and Postpartum Depression
Figueiredo, B., Pinto, T. M., & Costa, R. A. (2021) · Journal of Human Lactation · doi:10.1177/0890334421991051 · Cited by 39
“For the mother, the benefits include better physical and psychological well- being, namely an attenuated stress response and healthier sleep patterns while breastfeeding (Lara- Cinisomo et al., 2017; Simon et al., 2016).”
Background
Depression in pregnant and postpartum women during COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis
Adrianto, N., Caesarlia, J., & Pajala, F. B. (2022) · Obstetrics & Gynecology Science · doi:10.5468/ogs.21265 · Cited by 37
The Transition From Maternity Blues to Full-Blown Perinatal Depression: Results From a Longitudinal Study
Luciano, M., Sampogna, G., Vecchio, V. D., Giallonardo, V., Perris, F., Carfagno, M., Raia, M., Vincenzo, M. D., Verde, M. L., Torella, M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.703180 · Cited by 58
Prevalence of mental disorders in South Asia: A systematic review of reviews
Vidyasagaran, A. L., McDaid, D., Faisal, M. R., Nasir, M. Z. M., Muliyala, K. P., Thekkumkara, S. N., Wright, J. M., Huque, R., Benkalkar, S., & Siddiqi, N. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2023.72 · Cited by 39
Physical discomfort in early pregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms
Ertmann, R. K., Nicolaisdóttir, D., Kragstrup, J., Siersma, V., Lutterodt, M., & Bech, P. (2019) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2019.1579861 · Cited by 30
“This may not be of major importance, since a systematic review and meta-analysis found no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of postpartum depression between time points for screening in the early period after birth, but an increasing prevalence was observed beyond 6 months postpartum [42].”
Background
Traditional Chinese acupuncture and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Tong, P., Dong, L., Yang, Y., Shi, Y., Sun, T., & Ping, B. (2019) · Journal of the Chinese Medical Association · doi:10.1097/jcma.0000000000000140 · Cited by 36
One-year trajectories of postpartum depressive symptoms and associated psychosocial factors: findings from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study
Kikuchi, S., Murakami, K., Obara, T., Ishikuro, M., Ueno, F., Noda, A., Onuma, T., Kobayashi, N., Sugawara, J., Yamamoto, M. P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.118 · Cited by 40

Authors: Shorey, S., Chee, C. Y. I., Ng, E. D., Chan, Y. H., Tam, W. W. S., & Chong, Y. S.
Affiliations: National University of Singapore (SG)
National University Hospital (SG)
Corresponding author: Shorey, Shefaly
ORCID: Shorey, Shefaly
Chee, Cornelia Yin Ing
Ng, Esperanza Debby
Chan, Yiong Huak
Tam, Wilson Wai San
Chong, Yap Seng
Venue: Journal of Psychiatric Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-09
Volume: 104
Pages: 235-248
ISSN: 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.001
OpenAlex: W2885511794
Cited by: 1,055
References: 106
Citations by year: 2026: 127 · 2025: 160 · 2024: 181 · 2023: 175 · 2022: 166 · 2021: 136 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 4
FWCI: 11.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Keywords: postpartum depression, prevalence, incidence, term infants, postpartum screening, diagnostic tools, regional variation, postpartum period
MeSH terms: Female, Humans, Mothers, Incidence, Prevalence, Databases, Factual, Depression, Postpartum

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks