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Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
This review aims to examine the prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers without prior history of depression including postpartum depression and who gave birth to healthy full-term infants. A systematic search of ClinicalTrials.gov, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and PubMed was performed for English articles from the inception of the database to November 2017, as well as a manual search of the reference lists of the included articles, and an expert panel was consulted. Across 15,895 articles, 58 articles (N = 37,294 women) were included in the review. The incidence of postpartum depression was 12% [95% CI 0.04-0.20] while the overall prevalence of depression was 17% [95% CI 0.15-0.20] among healthy mothers without a prior history of depression. Prevalence was similar regardless of the type of diagnostic tool used; however, there were statistical differences in the prevalence between different geographical regions, with the Middle-East having the highest prevalence (26%, 95% CI 0.13-0.39) and Europe having the lowest (8%, 95% CI 0.05-0.11). There was no statistical difference in prevalence between different screening time points, but an increasing prevalence was observed beyond six months postpartum. Intervention studies often neglect healthy mothers. This review reports a similar prevalence rate of postpartum depression among mothers without history of depression when compared to mothers with history of depression. Thus, future studies should place equal emphasis on this neglected group of mothers so that targeted interventions and follow-ups can be introduced at appropriate time points.
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“The incidence was 12% [95% CI 0.04–0.20] and the overall prevalence was 17% [95% CI 0.15–0.20] [5].”
From Mental health-related telemedicine interventions for pregnant women and new mothers: a systematic literature review (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
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Sorted by citations
Perinatal mental health: a review of progress and challenges
Howard, L. M., & Khalifeh, H. (2020) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20769 · Cited by 1,118
Mapping global prevalence of depression among postpartum women
Wang, Z., Liu, J., Shuai, H., Cai, Z., Fu, X., Liu, Y., Xiao, X., Zhang, W., Krabbendam, E., Liu, S., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01663-6 · Cited by 910
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
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Yan, H., Ding, Y., & Guo, W. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.617001 · Cited by 283
“0% in a systematic review andmeta-analysis that encompassed 58 studies with 37,294 postnatal women (Shorey et al., 2018).”
BackgroundA Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of Perinatal Risk and Resilience During COVID-19
Farewell, C. V., Jewell, J. S., Walls, J., & Leiferman, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/2150132720944074 · Cited by 203
“The targeted audience for this study included mothers who met the following criteria: (1) over the age of 18 years, (2) English-speaking, (3) currently living in Colorado, and (4) being pregnant or within the first 6-months postpartum.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Shorey, S., Chee, C. Y. I., Ng, E. D., Chan, Y. H., Tam, W. W. S., & Chong, Y. S.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- National University Hospital (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Shorey, Shefaly
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 104
- Pages
- 235-248
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2885511794
- Cited by
- 1,055
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 127 · 2025: 160 · 2024: 181 · 2023: 175 · 2022: 166 · 2021: 136 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 11.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, prevalence, incidence, term infants, postpartum screening, diagnostic tools, regional variation, postpartum period
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Mothers, Incidence, Prevalence, Databases, Factual, Depression, Postpartum
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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