Physical symptom disorder: A simpler diagnostic category for somatization-spectrum conditions

Kroenke, Kurt

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.01.022

Cited by 132Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsFibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ResearchMedicine, History, and Philosophy

Physical symptom disorder: A simpler diagnostic category for somatization-spectrum conditions

Kroenke, Kurt·2006·Journal of Psychosomatic Research

DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.01.022

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Abstract

Objective To propose a simpler, more empiric, and patient-centered category for classifying physical symptoms that are "etiologically neutral," that is, not reliant on the assumption that symptoms that is poorly explained from a medical standpoint must de facto be psychological in origin.Methods Theoretical analysis, narrative review, and proposal.Results Studies have revealed several limitations in the current classification of somatoform disorders, including the poor reliability of lifetime symptom recall, the difficulty in adjudicating physical versus psychological explanations, and the stigma in assigning patients with medically unexplained symptoms to an Axis I psychiatric disorder. Physical symptom disorder (PSD) is proposed as a diagnostic category that would reside on Axis III (rather than Axis I) and replace somatization disorder, undifferentiated somatoform disorder, and pain disorder. PSD would consist of one or more physical symptoms currently present, not fully explainable by another medical or psychiatric disorder (with the exception of functional somatic syndromes), causing functional impairment. Duration must be at least 6 months, and severity could be graded as mild, moderate, or severe using a 15-symptom checklist (PHQ-15). Finally, the type of symptoms or symptom syndromes present in the patient could be specified.Conclusions PSD should be considered as a simpler and more inclusive diagnosis to replace several somatoform diagnoses currently in use.

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Spijkerman M.P.J. et al. 2016 clinical review and works by Braun V. and Kroenke K. from 2006 each earn 75 citations.
“Spijkerman M.P.J. et al. 2016 clinical review [42] and works by Braun V. and Kroenke K. from 2006 [43,44], each earning 75 citations, contribute significantly to psychological interventions and symptom assessment.”
From Evolution of Primary Research Studies in Digital Interventions for Mental Well-Being Promotion from 2004 to 2023: A Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on the Web of Science (2024) · cites this paper as [43]

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Authors: Kroenke, K.
Affiliations: Regenstrief Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Kroenke, Kurt
ORCID: Kroenke, Kurt
Venue: Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-04
Volume: 60
Issue: 4
Pages: 335-339
ISSN: 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.01.022
OpenAlex: W2051975061
Cited by: 132
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 10.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Medicine, History, and Philosophy
Keywords: somatization, somatoform disorders, diagnostic classification, medically unexplained symptoms, somatization disorder, undifferentiated somatoform disorder, pain disorders, PHQ-15, functional disability, stigma
MeSH terms: Affective Symptoms, Terminology as Topic, Somatoform Disorders, World Health Organization, Reproducibility of Results, Prevalence

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Physical symptom disorder: A simpler diagnostic category for somatization-spectrum conditions

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