The association of depression and anxiety with health-related quality of life in cancer patients with depression and/or pain
Open accessAbstract
Objectives : Depression is known to be a major problem in cancer patients, and evidence is emerging about the importance of anxiety. Because the disorders are highly comorbid, we examined the relationship of anxiety and depression with health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in cancer patients. Methods : Sample included 405 adult oncology patients participating in a randomized controlled trial of telecare management for pain and depression. This secondary cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data examined independent and additive effects of anxiety and depression on HRQL, disability, and somatic symptom severity. Results : In 397 patients who screened positive for either pain or depression or both, 135 had comorbid anxiety and depression, 174 had depression but not anxiety, and 88 had neither. Differences existed across all nonphysical HRQL domains and were more pronounced incrementally across the three groups in the expected direction. In GLM modeling, anxiety and depression were each associated with all the domains when modeled separately ( p <0.0001). When modeled together, anxiety and depression had independent and additive effects on the mental health domains of HRQL and on somatic symptom burden. In other domains (vitality, perceived disability, overall quality of life, and general health perceptions), only depression had an effect. Conclusion : Anxiety and depression have strong and independent associations with mental health domains and somatic symptom burden in cancer patients. However, depression has a more pervasive association with multiple other domains of HRQL. Paying attention to both anxiety and depression may be particularly important when addressing mental health needs and somatic symptom distress. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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These factors can have negative consequences for the disease course, including increased frequency and duration of hospital stays, lower adherence to treatment recommendations, difficulties coping, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality.
“These factors can have negative consequences for the disease course, including an increase in the frequency and duration of hospital stays, lower adherence to treatment recommendations, difficulties in coping with the disease, reduced quality of life and an increase in mortality [9–14].”
From The BrEasT cancer afTER-CARE (BETTER-CARE) programme to improve breast cancer follow-up: design and feasibility study results of a cluster-randomised complex intervention trial (2024) · cites this paper as [9]
The paper’s introductory passage under Abstract > Conclusion says depression may adversely affect treatment compliance, time in hospital, and self-care, and that its adverse association with quality of life is well established. It does not address the frequency of hospital stays or increased mortality; self-care is also not the same as coping with the disease. The Discussion cautions that the study’s cross-sectional design cannot establish causality. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredElevated anxiety predicts lower quality of life.
“lower quality of life [14–17]”
Cancer increases risk for psychological distress, which is linked with poorer quality of life, greater barriers to quality cancer care, and worse morbidity and mortality.
“These coping patterns are important because cancer elevates risk for psychological distress (25) which in turn has been linked with poorer QOL (26–28), greater barriers to quality cancer care (29–33) and worse morbidity and mortality (32–36).”
From Coping in Patients With Incurable Lung and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Validation Study of the Brief COPE (2017) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Brown, L. F., Kroenke, K., Theobald, D. E., Wu, J., & Tu, W.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (US)
- Regenstrief Institute (US)
- Community Health Network (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Linda F.
- Venue
- Psycho-Oncology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-06-27
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 734-741
- ISSN
- 1057-9249 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1611
- PMC
- PMC2888919
- OpenAlex
- W1984490198
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psycho-Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- National Institutes of Health (2r25ca117865-06)
- National Cancer Institute (R25 – CA117865, R25 CA 117865-01A11, R01CA115369)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Keywords
- depression, anxiety, health-related quality of life, cancer patients, pain, comorbidities, somatic symptoms, disability, mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Cancer Care Facilities, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Pain, Pain Measurement, Patient Care Team, Personality Inventory, Quality of Life, Sick Role, Cost of Illness, Remote Consultation
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