Cited by 384Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsFibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ResearchMedicine, History, and Philosophy

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Age is strongly associated with alexithymia in the general population

Mattila, Aino K., Salminen, Jouko K., Nummi, Tapio, Joukamaa, Matti·2006·Journal of Psychosomatic Research

DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.013

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective We studied the prevalence of alexithymia, its distribution in different age groups in a wide age range, its association with sociodemographic and health-related variables, and its co-occurrence with depression.Methods The study forms part of the Health 2000 Study. The original sample comprised 8028 subjects representing the general adult population of Finland. Alexithymia was measured with the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and depression was measured with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory. Altogether, 5454 participants filled in TAS-20 in their mother tongue.Results The prevalence of alexithymia was 9.9%. Men (11.9%) were more commonly alexithymic than women (8.1%). Alexithymia was associated with male gender, increasing age, low educational level, poor perceived health, and depression.Conclusions The findings were in line with earlier population studies. For the first time, it was possible to analyze the prevalence of alexithymia in a wide age range (30-97 years). International comparative studies are needed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.013

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Carbin, M. G. (1988) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5 · Cited by 11,696
The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale--I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure
Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A., & Taylor, G. J. (1994) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(94)90005-1 · Cited by 5,293
The Prevalence of ‘Alexithymic’ Characteristics in Psychosomatic Patients
Sifneos, P. E. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000286529 · Cited by 2,818
The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia scale—II. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity
Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., & Parker, J. D. A. (1994) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(94)90006-x · Cited by 2,431
Untitled work
(1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,407
The 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale
Parker, J. D. A., Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00578-0 · Cited by 1,036
The illusion of mental health.
Shedler, J., Mayman, M., & Manis, M. (1993) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.48.11.1117 · Cited by 821
Recent Developments in Alexithymia Theory and Research
Taylor, G. J. (2000) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370004500203 · Cited by 755
The 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale
Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J. D. A. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00601-3 · Cited by 673
Depression is strongly associated with alexithymia in the general population
Honkalampi, K. M., Hintikka, J., Tanskanen, A. J., Lehtonen, J., & Viinamäki, H. T. (2000) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(99)00083-5 · Cited by 663
New Trends in Alexithymia Research
Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (2004) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000075537 · Cited by 653
HEALTH AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN FINLAND Baseline Results of the Health 2000 Health Examination Survey
Aromaa, A. J., & Koskinen, S. V. P. (2004) · Cited by 583
Prevalence of alexithymia and its association with sociodemographic variables in the general population of finland
Salminen, J. K., Saarijãrvi, S., Äärelä, E., Toikka, T., & Kauhanen, J. (1999) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(98)00053-1 · Cited by 545
Self-citation
Impaired Verbal and Nonverbal Emotion Recognition in Alexithymia
Lane, R. D., Lee, S., Reidel, R., Weldon, V., Kaszniak, A. W., & Schwartz, G. E. (1996) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199605000-00002 · Cited by 529
The assessment of alexithymia
Kooiman, C. G., Spinhoven, P., & Trijsburg, R. W. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00348-3 · Cited by 452
DSM-IV mood-, anxiety- and alcohol use disorders and their comorbidity in the Finnish general population
Pirkola, S. P., Isometsä, E. T., Suvisaari, J., Aro, H. M., Joukamaa, M. I., Poikolainen, K., Koskinen, S. V. P., Aromaa, A., & nnqvist, J. L. (2004) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0848-7 · Cited by 433
Self-citation
Disorders of affect regulation: Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness.
Deary, I. J. (1998) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · Cited by 431
Facial expression recognition across the adult life span
Calder, A. J., Keane, J., Manly, T., Sprengelmeyer, R., Scott, S. K., Nimmo‐Smith, I., & Young, A. W. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00149-5 · Cited by 413
Age-related differences in brain activation during emotional face processing
Gunning‐Dixon, F. M., Gur, R. C., Perkins, A. C., Schroeder, L. F., Turner, T. H., Turetsky, B. I., Chan, R. M., Loughead, J., Alsop, D. C., Maldjian, J. A., et al. (2002) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00099-4 · Cited by 315
Alexithymia and somatisation
De Gucht, V., & Heiser, W. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00467-1 · Cited by 311
Sociodemographic correlates of alexithymia
Lane, R. D., SECHREST, L. B., & Riedel, R. (1998) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(98)90051-7 · Cited by 293
An Evaluation of the Absolute and Relative Stability of Alexithymia in Patients with Major Depression
Luminet, O., Bagby, R. M., & Taylor, G. J. (2001) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000056263 · Cited by 288
Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of alexithymia in a population sample of young adults
Kokkonen, P., Karvonen, J. T., Veijola, J. M., Läksy, K., Jokelainen, J. J., Järvelin, M., & Joukamaa, M. (2001) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1053/comp.2001.27892 · Cited by 227
Self-citation
Alexithymia and depression
Saarijãrvi, S., Salminen, J. K., & Toikka, T. (2001) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00257-4 · Cited by 212
Self-citation
Childhood abuse, alexithymia and personality disorder
Berenbaum, H. (1996) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00225-5 · Cited by 193
Alexithymia and personality in relation to dimensions of psychopathology
Grabe, H. J., Spitzer, C., & Freyberger, H. J. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.7.1299 · Cited by 193
Alexithymia, depression, and treatment outcome in bulimia nervosa
de Groot, J. M., Rodin, G., & Olmsted, M. P. (1995) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(95)90099-h · Cited by 171
Alexithymia and negative emotional conditions
Lumley, M. A. (2000) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00161-6 · Cited by 161
Childhood Adversities as Risk Factors for Alexithymia and Other Aspects of Affect Dysregulation in Adulthood
Kooiman, C. G., Vellinga, S. V. R., Spinhoven, P., Draijer, N., Trijsburg, R. W., & Rooijmans, H. G. M. (2004) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000075542 · Cited by 160
Is Alexithymia a Permanent Feature in Depressed Patients?
Honkalampi, K. M., Hintikka, J., Saarinen, P., Lehtonen, J., & Viinamäki, H. T. (2000) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000012412 · Cited by 157
Psychometric properties of the Finnish 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale
Joukamaa, M., Miettunen, J., Kokkonen, P., Koskinen, M., Julkunen, J., Kauhanen, J., Jokelainen, J. J., Veijola, J., Läksy, K., & Järvelin, M. (2001) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480151108561 · Cited by 144
Self-citation
Age-differential patterns of brain activation during perception of angry faces
Fischer, H., Sandblom, J., Gavazzeni, J., Fransson, P., Wright, C. I., & Bäckman, L. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.06.002 · Cited by 136
A longitudinal study of alexithymia and psychological distress in inflammatory bowel disease
Porcelli, P., Leoci, C., Guerra, V. S., Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (1996) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00221-8 · Cited by 132
Why Do Alexithymic Features Appear to Be Stable?
Honkalampi, K. M., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T., Tanskanen, A. J., Hintikka, J. J., Lehtonen, J., & Viinamäki, H. T. (2001) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000056262 · Cited by 104
A Swedish Translation of the 20‐item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: Cross‐validation of the Factor Structure
Simonsson‐Sarnecki, M., Lundh, L., Törestad, B., Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., & Parker, J. D. A. (2000) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00167 · Cited by 85
Mentalizing language development in a longitudinal attachment sample: implications for alexithymia
Lemche, E., Klann-Delius, G., Koch, R., & Joraschky, P. (2004) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000080390 · Cited by 80
Impairments of emotion situation priming in alexithymia
Suslow, T., & Junghanns, K. (2002) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00056-3 · Cited by 80
Stability in alexithymia levels: A longitudinal analysis on various emotional answers
Martínez‐Sánchez, F., Ato‐García, M., Adán, E. C., Medina, T. B. H., & España, J. J. S. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00239-0 · Cited by 66
Alexithymia Does Not Predict the Persistence of Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms
Kooiman, C. G., Bolk, J. H., Rooijmans, H. G. M., & Trijsburg, R. W. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000116714.38868.06 · Cited by 65
Family dysfunction, alexithymia, and client attachment to therapist.
Mallinckrodt, B. S., King, J. L., & Coble, H. M. (1998) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.45.4.497 · Cited by 65
Alexithymia in the elderly general population
Gunzelmann, T., Kupfer, J. ]., & Br�hler, E. (2002) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1053/comp.2002.29855 · Cited by 62
Alexithymic Characteristics and Patient-Therapist Interaction: A Video Analysis of Facial Affect Display
Rasting, M., Brosig, B., & Beutel, M. E. (2005) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000085772 · Cited by 61
Alexithymia and Somatosensory Amplification in Functional Dyspepsia
Jones, M. P., Schettler, A., Olden, K. W., & Crowell, M. D. (2004) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.45.6.508 · Cited by 61
Alexithymia and cognitive bias for emotional information
Lundh, L., & Simonsson‐Sarnecki, M. (2002) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00110-6 · Cited by 58
MOTHERS' LOW CARE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALEXITHYMIA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY IN JAPANESE COLLEGE STUDENTS
Fukunishi, I., Kawamura, N., Ishikawa, T., Agō, Y., Séi, H., Morita, Y., & Rahe, R. H. (1997) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.143 · Cited by 58
Alexithymia in a normal elderly population
Joukamaa, M., Saarijärvi, S., Muuriaisniemi, M.-L., & Salokangas, R. K. R. (1996) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(96)90576-3 · Cited by 55
Self-citation
Social Situation of Expectant Mothers and Alexithymia 31 Years Later in Their Offspring: A Prospective Study
Joukamaa, M. I., Kokkonen, P., Veijola, J. M., Läksy, K., Karvonen, J. T., Jokelainen, J. J., & Järvelin, M. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000030389.53353.bc · Cited by 53
Self-citation
Relationships Among Alexithymia, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Sociodemographic Variables, and Actual Mood Disorder: A 2-Year Clinical Follow-Up Study of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Honkalampi, K. M., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T., Antikainen, R., Haatainen, K. M., Hintikka, J. J., & Viinamäki, H. T. (2004) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.45.3.197 · Cited by 52
Stability of neuroticism and alexithymia in somatization
Gucht, V. D. (2003) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(03)00143-3 · Cited by 45
Somatization and alexithymia in young adult Finnish population
Karvonen, J. T., Veijola, J. M., Kokkonen, P., Läksy, K., Miettunen, J., & Joukamaa, M. I. (2005) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.04.005 · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Life Stories of Social Changes: Four Generations in Finland.
Roos, J. P. (1985) · Cited by 19
Ways of life in Finland and Poland: Comparative studies on urban populations
(1989) · Futures · doi:10.1016/0016-3287(89)90034-7 · Cited by 3
Ways of life in Finland and Poland: comparative studies on urban populations
Shaw, D. J. B. (1987) · International Affairs · doi:10.2307/2619678 · Cited by 3

Sorted by citations

Investigating alexithymia in autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Kinnaird, E., Stewart, C., & Tchanturia, K. (2019) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.09.004 · Cited by 545
Interoception and psychopathology: A developmental neuroscience perspective
Murphy, J., Brewer, R., Catmur, C., & Bird, G. (2017) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2016.12.006 · Cited by 404
Alexithymia in eating disorders: Systematic review and meta-analyses of studies using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale
Westwood, H., Kerr-Gaffney, J., Stahl, D., & Tchanturia, K. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.06.007 · Cited by 354
The association between alexithymia as assessed by the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and depression: A meta-analysis
Li, S., Zhang, B., Guo, Y., & Zhang, J. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.02.006 · Cited by 350
Alexithymia and Somatization in General Population
Mattila, A. K., Kronholm, E., Jula, A., Salminen, J. K., Koivisto, A., Mielonen, R.-L., & Joukamaa, M. I. (2008) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31816ffc39 · Cited by 277
Self-citation

See all 384

Authors: Mattila, A. K., Salminen, J. K., Nummi, T., & Joukamaa, M.
Affiliations: Tampere University (FI)
University of Tampere (FI)
Tampere University Hospital (FI)
Corresponding author: Mattila, Aino K.
ORCID: Mattila, Aino K.
Nummi, Tapio
Venue: Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-11
Volume: 61
Issue: 5
Pages: 629-635
ISSN: 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.013
OpenAlex: W2047878655
Cited by: 384
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 5.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Medicine, History, and Philosophy
Keywords: alexithymia, age, prevalence, depression, sex differences, educational attainment, health perception, sociodemographic factors, general adult population, Toronto Alexithymia Scale
MeSH terms: Adult, Affective Symptoms, Age Factors, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Female, Finland, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Age is strongly associated with alexithymia in the general population

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks