The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on the adaptations to sprint interval training in previously untrained males
Open accessAbstract
Objectives Dietary nitrate can improve repeated high-intensity and supramaximal exercise performance, although the effect on adaptations to training has received limited attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary nitrate on the response to 3-weeks of sprint interval training (SIT).Design Randomized control trial.Methods Twenty-seven untrained males (Age: 28±7 y, V⋅O 2Max: 42±7mlkg-1 min-1) completed an incremental exercise test at the beginning and end of the study. Participants were matched for V⋅O 2Max and randomly assigned to a control group (CON; n=8), SIT+placebo group (PLA; n=10), or SIT+nitrate group (NIT; n=9). The SIT comprised 4-6 repeated 15 s all out sprints on a cycle ergometer, interspersed with 4min active recovery, 3-times per week. Approximately 2.5h prior to exercise, participants consumed gels containing ∼0.1mmol (PLA) or ∼8mmol nitrate (NIT).Results Following SIT, V⋅O 2Max (PLA: 5%, p=0.057, d=0.34; NIT: 6.3%, p=0.041, d=0.34) and ventilatory threshold (VT) increased to a similar extent in both SIT groups. Maximum work rate tended to increase to a greater extent in NIT (8.7%, d=0.55) compared to PLA (4.7%, d=0.31, p=0.073). Fatigue index, calculated by the change in mean power from the first to the last sprint, tended to be reduced following SIT in NIT compared to PLA (PLA: 7.3±7.4%, NIT: 0.5±7.1%, p=0.058).Conclusions While dietary nitrate supplementation does not augment improvements to V⋅O 2Max and VT following SIT, it may improve WR max and indices of repeated high-intensity exercise.
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Compared to placebo, peak work rate during incremental exercise improved to a greater extent when three weeks and four weeks of sprint interval training were combined with nitrate supplementation.
“Moreover, compared to placebo, peak work rate during incremental exercise improved to a greater extent when three weeks (108) and four weeks (147) of SIT were combined with NO 3 -supplementation.”
From Dietary Nitrate and Physical Performance (2018) · cites this paper as [108]
Recent evidence suggests that nitrate supplementation in the form of beetroot juice, a high-nitrate gel, and NaNO3 can modulate some of the physiological and performance adaptations to sprint interval training.
“Indeed, recent evidence suggests that NO 3 -supplementation in the form of beetroot juice (147), a high-NO 3 -gel (108), and NaNO 3 (34) can modulate some of the physiological and performance adaptations to SIT.”
From Dietary Nitrate and Physical Performance (2018) · cites this paper as [108]
Terms such as 'trained,' 'highly trained,' and 'well-trained' are highly subjective, with variations around training load, training history, and intent of training commitment.
“Terms such as “trained,” “highly trained,” and “well-trained” also seem to be highly subjective, with variations around the participants training load, training history, and the intent of the training commitment.3,4”
From Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Tier 2: Trained/Developmental is estimated from national reports to include ∼12% to 19% of the population.
“Tier 2: Trained/Developmental is estimated from national reports of sport participation rates to include ∼12% to 19% of the population.[25][26][27]”
From Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
Two reviews further developed cycling-based classification protocols with 5 performance levels from untrained to professional cyclists, using neutral terminology.
“More recently, 2 reviews further developed cycling-based classification protocols, terminology, and performance indicators in both male 4 and female participants.3 These frameworks consist of 5 performance levels, which encompass untrained through to professional cyclists, and purposely use neutral terminology”
From Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
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- Authors
- Muggeridge, D. J., Sculthorpe, N., James, P. E., & Easton, C.
- Affiliations
- University of the West of Scotland (GB)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Easton, Chris
- Venue
- Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 92-97
- ISSN
- 1440-2440 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2406552394
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 8.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Journal of science and medicine in sport (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) (acceptedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion)
- The UWS Academic Portal (University of the West of Scotland) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Cardiff Metropolitan Research Repository (Cardiff Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- nitrate supplementation, sprint interval training, training effects, untrained men, VO2max, ventilatory threshold, fatigue index, high-intensity exercise performance
- MeSH terms
- High-Intensity Interval Training, Adaptation, Physiological, Adult, Exercise Test, Humans, Male, Nitrates, Oxygen Consumption, Muscle Fatigue, Dietary Supplements, Young Adult
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