Advantages and challenges of mass spectrometry assays for steroid hormones

Ion Suppression in Mass Spectrometry

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Electrospray ionization–principles and practice

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Utility, Limitations, and Pitfalls in Measuring Testosterone: An Endocrine Society Position Statement

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Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay of Estradiol-17β

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Testosterone Measured by 10 Immunoassays and by Isotope-Dilution Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry in Sera from 116 Men, Women, and Children

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Measurement of Total Serum Testosterone in Adult Men: Comparison of Current Laboratory Methods Versus Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Quantitative Measurement of Endogenous Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in Human Serum by Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Reproductive hormone reference intervals for healthy fertile young men: evaluation of automated platform assays

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Use of sep-pak ® cartridges for urinary steroid extraction: evaluation of the method for use prior to gas chromatographic analysis

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Measuring Fifteen Endogenous Estrogens Simultaneously in Human Urine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

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Reliability of a dried urine test for comprehensive assessment of urine hormones and metabolites

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In vivo arterial stiffness, but not isolated artery endothelial function, varies with the mouse estrous cycle

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The elusive minimum threshold concentration of levonorgestrel for contraceptive efficacy

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Adrenal steroid profiling as a diagnostic tool to differentiate polycystic ovary syndrome from nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: pinpointing easy screening possibilities and normal cutoff levels using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

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Aldosterone dysregulation predicts the risk of mortality and rehospitalization in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction

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Fully Automated Quantitative Measurement of Serum Organic Acids via LC-MS/MS for the Diagnosis of Organic Acidemias: Establishment of an Automation System and a Proof-of-Concept Validation

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A sensitive and robust UPLC–MS/MS method for quantitation of estrogens and progestogens in human serum

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Aromatase ( CYP19A1 ) gene variants, sex steroid levels, and late‐life depression

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An improved quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of tumor specific mutant proteins at high sensitivity

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Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants with Endocrine Activity and Blood Steroid Hormone Levels in Middle-Aged Men

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Assay reproducibility of serum androgen measurements using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

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Comparing immunoassay and mass spectrometry techniques for salivary sex hormone analysis

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Diagnostic possibilities from a serum sample—Clinical value of new methods within small animal reproduction, with focus on anti‐Müllerian hormone

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A Method for Simultaneous Determination of 14 Carbonyl-Steroid Hormones in Human Serum by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE Hyperandrogenic states in women: pitfalls in laboratory diagnosis

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Measurement of serum estrogen and estrogen metabolites in pre- and postmenopausal women with osteoarthritis using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

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Mass spectrometric analysis of steroids: all that glitters is not gold

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Alcohol-related breast cancer in postmenopausal women – effect of CYP19A1, PPARG and PPARGC1A polymorphisms on female sex-hormone levels and interaction with alcohol consumption and NSAID usage in a nested case-control study and a randomised controlled trial

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Quantitative determination of dehydroepiandrosterone fatty acyl esters in human female adipose tissue and serum using mass spectrometric methods

Wang, F., Koskela, A., Hämäläinen, E., Turpeinen, U., Savolainen-Peltonen, H., Mikkola, T. S., Vihma, V., Adlercreutz, H., & Tikkanen, M. J. (2011) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.01.014 · Cited by 18

Hormonal contraceptives as disruptors of competitive behavior: Theoretical framing and review

Arthur, L. C., Casto, K. V., & Blake, K. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101015 · Cited by 20

Allopregnanolone Is Associated with a Stress-Induced Reduction of Heart Rate Variability in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Hamidovic, A., Davis, J. M., Soumare, F., Naveed, A., Ghani, Y., Semiz, S., Khalil, D., & Wardle, M. C. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12041553 · Cited by 18

Morphologic alterations of the fear circuitry: the role of sex hormones and oral contraceptives

Brouillard, A., Davignon, L., Turcotte, A.-M., & Marin, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1228504 · Cited by 21

Profiles of Steroid Hormones in Canine X-Linked Muscular Dystrophy via Stable Isotope Dilution LC-MS/MS

Martins-Júnior, H. A., Simas, R. C., Brolio, M. P., Ferreira, C. R., Perecin, F., Nogueira, G. D. P., Miglino, M. A., Martins, D. D. S., Eberlin, M. N., & Ambrósio, C. E. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126585 · Cited by 17

LC-MS/MS based quantification of steroidal biomarkers in polycystic ovary syndrome induced rats

Agrawal, S., Bisen, A. C., Sanap, S. N., Biswas, A., Choudhury, A. D., Verma, S. K., & Bhatta, R. S. (2023) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115484 · Cited by 17

Mass Spectrometry Combinations for Structural Characterization of Sulfated-Steroid Metabolites

Yan, Y., Rempel, D. L., Holy, T. E., & Gross, M. L. (2014) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1007/s13361-014-0836-9 · Cited by 17

Activated charcoal significantly improved the reliability of methods for quantitative analysis of endogenous substances in biological specimens: Glutathione and cysteine as cases

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Simultaneous determination of seven prohibited substances in cosmetic products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Wu, C., Jin, Y., Zhang, J., Ren, Y., & Jia, Z. (2013) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2013.03.037 · Cited by 16

Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry ( LC ‐ MS / MS ) for analysis of endogenous steroids in the luteal phase and early pregnancy in dogs: a pilot study

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GC-MS–Based Quantitative Signatures of Cytochrome P450–Mediated Steroid Oxidation Induced by Rifampicin

Moon, J.-Y., Kang, S. M., Lee, J., Cho, J., Moon, M. H., Jang, I., Chung, B. C., & Choi, M. H. (2013) · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · doi:10.1097/ftd.0b013e318286ee02 · Cited by 16

LC-MS/MS quantitation of plasma progesterone in cattle

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Urine molecular profiling distinguishes health and disease: new methods in diagnostics? Focus on UPLC–MS

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Nano‐liquid chromatography—direct electron ionization mass spectrometry: improving performance by a new ion source adapter

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Do metabolites account for higher serum steroid hormone levels measured by RIA compared to mass spectrometry?

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Recent Advances and Challenges in Steroid Metabolomics for Biomarker Discovery

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Determination of neurosteroids in human cerebrospinal fluid in the 21st century: A review

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Profiling of Steroid Metabolic Pathways in Human Plasma by GC-MS/MS Combined with Microwave-Assisted Derivatization for Diagnosis of Gastric Disorders

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Gas phase fragmentation mechanisms of protonated testosterone as revealed by chemical dynamics simulations

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Lower accuracy of testosterone, cortisol, and free T4 measurements using automated immunoassays in people undergoing hemodialysis

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The importance of estradiol measurement in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization

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Highly sensitive cholesterol concentration trace detection based on a microfiber optic-biosensor enhanced specificity with beta-cyclodextrin film.

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Combined Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Progesterone Metabolites

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Isotope Inversion Experiment evaluating the suitability of calibration in surrogate matrix for quantification via LC–MS/MS—Exemplary application for a steroid multi-method

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Endocrine mechanisms and assay issues in premature progesterone elevation in assisted reproductive technology

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Role of mass spectrometry in steroid assays

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The role of progesterone/estradiol ratio in exploring the mechanism of late follicular progesterone elevation in low ovarian reserve women

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Simultaneous quantification of progestogens in plasma and serum by UHPLC-HRMS employing multiplexed targeted single ion monitoring

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Peculiar observations in measuring testosterone in women treated with oral contraceptives supplemented with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

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Estrogen Metabolism and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women

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Oestradiol level, oestrogen receptors, and mortality in elderly men: The three‐city cohort study

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Sex Hormones, BDNF, Leptin, and TGF-β1 in Females With IBS: A Pilot Investigation

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Comparison of a Point-of-Care Analyzer With a Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for Serum Progesterone Measurement in Breeding Management of the Bitch

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Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Hormone Measurement

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Measurement of Serum Testosterone in Nondiabetic Young Obese Men: Comparison of Direct Immunoassay to Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Martínez-Escribano, A., Maroto-García, J., Ruiz-Galdón, M., Barrios-Rodríguez, R., Álvarez-Millán, J. J., Cabezas-Sánchez, P., Plaza-Andrades, I., Molina-Vega, M., Tinahones, F. J., Queipo-Ortuño, M. I., et al. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10121697 · Cited by 11

LC-MS/MS improves screening towards 21-hydroxylase deficiency

Ambroziak, U., Kępczyńska‐Nyk, A., Kuryłowicz, A., Wysłouch‐Cieszyńska, A., Małunowicz, E., Bartoszewicz, Z., Kondracka, A., Jaźwiec, R., Pawłowska, E., Szcześniak, M., et al. (2014) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2014.994599 · Cited by 11

Quantitative determination of human serum testosterone via isotope dilution ultra‑performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

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Development of a Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry-Based In Vitro Assay to Assess Changes in Steroid Hormones Due to Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

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Structure-activity relationship studies on neuroactive steroids in memory, alcohol and stress-related functions: a crucial benefit from endogenous level analysis

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Feasibility of desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to monitor urinary steroid metabolites during pregnancy

Vaikkinen, A., Rejšek, J., Vrkoslav, V., Kauppila, T. J., Cvačka, J., & Kostiainen, R. K. (2015) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2015.03.029 · Cited by 11

An ultrahigh‐performance chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry quantitative method for trace analysis of potential endocrine disrupting steroid hormones in estuarine sediments

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Serum steroid profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hyperadrenocorticism in dogs: A preliminary study

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Blunted Cortisol Response to Acute Psychosocial Stress in Women With Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Hamidovic, A., Davis, J. M., & Soumare, F. (2024) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyae015 · Cited by 10

High Throughput Automated LC-MS/MS Analysis of Endogenous Small Molecule Biomarkers

Grant, R. P. (2011) · Clinics in Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cll.2011.07.008 · Cited by 10

High-Speed Digital Frequency Scanning Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

Wang, D., van Amerom, F. H. W., & Evans‐Nguyen, T. (2013) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac402403h · Cited by 10

Hormones and Economic Decisions

Nadler, A., & Zak, P. J. (2016) · Studies in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35923-1_3 · Cited by 9

The synthesis of 16-androstene sulfoconjugates from primary porcine Leydig cell culture

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Androgens by immunoassay and mass spectrometry in children with 46,XY disorder of sex development

de Oliveira, L. R., Longui, C. A., Guaragna‐Filho, G., Costa, J. L., Lanaro, R., Silva, D. A., Chiamolera, M. I., de Mello, M. P., Morcillo, A. M., Maciel‐Guerra, A. T., et al. (2020) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-20-0454 · Cited by 10

Urinary cysteinyl progestogens: Occurrence and origin

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Perspectives for metabolomics in testosterone replacement therapy

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Total testosterone to dihydrotestosterone ratio assessed by LC-MS/MS predicts a worse metabolic profile not only in PCOS patients

Ambroziak, U., Kuryłowicz, A., Kępczyńska‐Nyk, A., Bartoszewicz, Z., Kondracka, A., Jaźwiec, R., Samborowska, E., Dadlez, M., Wysłouch‐Cieszyńska, A., & Bednarczuk, T. (2017) · Ginekologia Polska · doi:10.5603/gp.a2017.0001 · Cited by 10

Cross-method comparison of serum androstenedione measurement with respect to the validation of a new fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassay

van Helden, J., & Weiskirchen, R. (2018) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.09.009 · Cited by 10

Quantification of circulating steroids in individual zebrafish using stacking to achieve nanomolar detection limits with capillary electrophoresis and UV-visible absorbance detection

Nyakubaya, V. T., Durney, B. C., Ellington, M. C. G., Kantes, A. D., Reed, P. A., Walter, S. E., Stueckle, J. R., & Holland, L. (2015) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-015-8785-0 · Cited by 9

Optimization of mass spectrometry settings for steroidomic analysis in young and old killifish

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LC-MS/MS: a powerful tool for modern analytical science: Fundamentals, techniques, applications and innovations

Chaudhary, S., Passi, A., Jindal, S., & Goyal, K. (2025) · Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies · doi:10.1080/10826076.2025.2491475 · Cited by 8

Determination of steroid hormones in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) blood plasma using convergence chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

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Simultaneous steroids measurement in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism using a column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method

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A review on analysis of steroid profile in different biological matrices

Yuan, T. (2021) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2021.106897 · Cited by 8

False elevation of serum cortisol in chemiluminescence immunoassay by Siemens Advia Centaur XP system in 21-hydroxylase deficiency: an ‘endocrine laboma’

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Urinary Concentrations of Steroids in Bulls under Anabolic Treatment by Revalor-XS® Implant

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From lab to clinic: Advancing aptamer-based biosensors for steroid hormone detection across human biofluids

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Mid-Luteal Progesterone Is Inversely Associated with Premenstrual Food Cravings

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Longitudinal analysis of external quality assessment of immunoassay-based steroid hormone measurement indicates potential for improvement in standardization

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Intracrine formation from dehydroepiandrosterone versus ovarian secretion of testosterone

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UPLC‐MS/MS based diagnostics for epithelial ovarian cancer using fully sialylated C4‐binding protein

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Evaluation of a multiplex liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in pediatric patients

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Fucosylated C4b‑binding protein α‑chain, a novel serum biomarker that predicts lymph node metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Sogawa, K., Yamanaka, S., Takano, S., Sasaki, K., Miyahara, Y., Furukawa, K., Takayashiki, T., Kuboki, S., Takizawa, H., Nomura, F., et al. (2020) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2020.12388 · Cited by 6

Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Analyses of Steroid Hormones

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LC/MS/MS of Steroids Having Vicinal Diol as Electrospray-Active Boronates

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Diagnostic cut-offs of 17-hydroxyprogesterone by LC-MS/MS in children with non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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Quantification of glucocorticoid and progestogen metabolites in bovine plasma, skimmed milk and saliva by UHPLC-HR-MS with polarity switching

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Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Endogenous Sex Hormones in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

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The experience in the development and validation of method for testosterone measurement in blood serum of premenopausal women using HPLC-MS/MS

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Challenges in the measurement of serum testosterone concentrations as a biomarker of men's health1

Haring, R., Spielhagen, C., & Nauck, M. A. (2011) · Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1515/jlm.2011.001_engl · Cited by 5

Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography method to determine nevirapine in plasma in a resource-limited setting

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Variability and quantification of serum medroxyprogesterone acetate levels

Bick, A. J., Skosana, S. B., Avenant, C., & Hapgood, J. P. (2022) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109100 · Cited by 5

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of a potent H 3 receptor antagonist conessine in serum and its application to pharmacokinetic studies

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Rapid Quantification of Endogenous Steroids in Human Serum Using Leidenfrost Effect-Assisted Thermal Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

Zhao, W., Zhang, J., Feng, A., Yin, H., Liu, C., & Pan, Y. (2022) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1021/jasms.2c00077 · Cited by 4

Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Method for the Quantification of Steroids Androstenedione, Dehydroepiandrosterone, 11-Deoxycortisol, 17-Hydroxyprogesterone, and Testosterone

Munar, A., Frazee, C. C., & Garg, U. C. (2022) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2565-1_40 · Cited by 4

Serum steroid metabolite profiling by LC-MS/MS in two phenotypic male patients with HSD17B3 deficiency: Implications for hormonal diagnosis

Fujisawa, Y., Masunaga, Y., Tanikawa, W., Nakashima, S., Ueda, D., Sano, S., Fukami, M., Saitsu, H., Yazawa, T., & Ogata, T. (2023) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106403 · Cited by 4

Multiclass Steroid Profiling in Short‐Finned Pilot Whale Blubber Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)

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A New Heart-Cutting Method for a Multiplex Quantitative Analysis of Steroid Hormones in Plasma Using 2D-LC/MS/MS Technique

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Mass spectrometry for steroid assays

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Mass spectrometry and immunoassay: how to measure steroid hormones today and tomorrow

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Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of steroids in clinical laboratories

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Challenges and Benefits of Endogenous Steroid Analysis by LC–MS/MS

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Advances in Bioanalytical Techniques to Measure Steroid Hormones in Serum

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