Prevalence of physical fitness in Chinese school-aged children: findings from the 2016 physical activity and fitness in China-The youth study
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: This study was to present the 2016 prevalence estimates of Chinese school-aged children meeting physical fitness standards and to examine differences by sex and residence locales in children who did not meet fitness standards. METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 171,991 children and adolescents (boy: 50.0%, Grades 1-12) who participated in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China-The Youth Study. The main outcomes were fitness measures, assessed by the 2014 revised Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard (CNSPFS), covering areas of aerobic capacity, upper body strength, flexibility, body mass index, abdominal strength, and trunk strength. Children's overall physical fitness performance was categorized, per CNSPFS standards, as excellent, good, pass, or no pass. Data on the prevalence of physical fitness categories and not meeting fitness standards (i.e., among children who received a "no pass" mark) were analyzed, through logistic regression, by sex (boy, girl) and residence locales (urban, rural) across 3 school grades (primary, junior middle, and junior high). RESULTS: In 2016, 5.95% of Chinese children and adolescents achieved an "excellent" mark, 25.80% received a "good" rating, 59.90% received a "pass", and 8.35% received a "no pass". Overall, boys were more likely to not pass the fitness standards compared with girls (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.710; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.708-1.712) and children living in urban areas were more likely to not pass the standards than those living in rural areas (aOR = 1.298; 95%CI: 1.296-1.299). Consistent patterns of not meeting fitness standards were also found by sex and residence locales across all 3 school grades. CONCLUSION: In the Chinese school-aged population, about 3 in 10 children achieved an "excellent" or "good" fitness standard in 2016, and about 8% of this population did not meet CNSPFS standards. Children living in urban areas were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels, and boys in school were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels than girls.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Only 3 in 10 Chinese students achieve an 'excellent' or 'good' rating in national physical fitness standards.
“with only 3 in 10 students achieving an ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ rating in national physical fitness standards18”
From Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health
Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Castillo, M. J., & Sjöstróm, M. (2007) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803774 · Cited by 2,885 · see citing works
Donnelly, J. E., Hillman, C. H., Castelli, D., Etnier, J. L., Lee, S., Tomporowski, P., Lambourne, K., & Szabo-Reed, A. N. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000901 · Cited by 1,864 · see citing works
Carnethon, M. R. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.23.2981 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Fitness of Canadian children and youth: results from the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey.
Tremblay, M. S., Shields, M. E., Laviolette, M., Craig, C. L., Janssen, I., & Gorber, S. C. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Physical Activity, Fitness, Cognitive Function, and Academic Achievement in Children
Donnelly, J. E., Hillman, C. H., Castelli, D. M., Etnier, J. L., Lee, S., Tomporowski, P. D., Lambourne, K., & Szabo‐Reed, A. N. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000966 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Childhood aerobic fitness predicts cognitive performance one year later
Chaddock, L., Hillman, C. H., Pontifex, M. B., Johnson, C. R., Raine, L. B., & Kramer, A. F. (2012) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.647706 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Davis, C. L., & Cooper, S. (2011) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.020 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Xiang, F., & Cao, Z. (2017) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2017.09.006 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Prevalence and Trends in Obesity among China’s Children and Adolescents, 1985–2010
Sun, H., Ma, Y., Han, D., Pan, C., & Xu, Y. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105469 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Physical growth of children and adolescents in China over the past 35 years
Zong, X., & Li, H. (2014) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.13.126243 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Temporal trends and recent correlates in sedentary behaviours in Chinese children
Cui, Z., Hardy, L. L., Dibley, M. J., & Bauman, A. E. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-93 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Cai, Y., Zhu, X., & Wu, X. (2017) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2017.09.002 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
The extended relationship between child cardiovascular risks and academic performance measures
Cottrell, L. A., Northrup, K., & Wittberg, R. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.377 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Wang, C., Chen, P., & Zhuang, J. (2013) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2013.850993 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationResults From Shanghai’s (China) 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Liu, Y., Tang, Y., Cao, Z., Chen, P., Zhang, J., Zhu, Z., Zhuang, J., Yang, Y., & Yueying, H. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0362 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Association of Weight Status with Physical Fitness among Chinese Children
Shang, X., Liu, A., Li, Y., Hu, X., Du, L., Ma, J., Xu, G., Li, Y., Guo, H., & Ma, G. (2010) · International Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1155/2010/515414 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Role of Childhood Aerobic Fitness in Successful Street Crossing
Chaddock, L., Neider, M. B., Lutz, A., Hillman, C. H., & Kramer, A. F. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31823a90cb · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Song, Y., Yang, T.-B., Zhang, B., Dong, B., & Ma, J. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Associations Between Physical Fitness and Children’s Psychological Well-Being
LaVigne, T. W., Hoza, B., Smith, A. L., Shoulberg, E. K., & Bukowski, W. M. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2014-0053 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 21 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [10]Research Group on Chinese School Students Physical Fitness and Health Report on the physical fitness and health surveillance of Chinese school students in 2005 2007 Higher Education Press Beijing In Chinese
- [11]Research Group on Chinese School Students Physical Fitness and Health Report on the physical fitness and health surveillance of Chinese school students in 2010 2012 Higher Education Press Beijing in Chinese
- [12]Research Group on Chinese School Students Physical Fitness and Health Report on the physical fitness and health surveillance of Chinese school students in 2014 2016 Higher Education Press Beijing in Chinese
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020)
Chen, P., Wang, D., Shen, H., Yu, L., Gao, Q., Mao, L., Jiang, F., Luo, Y., Xie, M., Zhang, Y., et al. (2020) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102261 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Self-citationZhu, Z., Tang, Y., Zhuang, J., Liu, Y., Wu, X., Cai, Y., Wang, L., Cao, Z., & Chen, P. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6515-9 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationXiang, F., & Cao, Z. (2017) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2017.09.006 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, S., Zhang, J., Guo, Z., & Chen, P. (2017) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2017.09.008 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationField-Based Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Marques, A., Henriques‐Neto, D., Peralta, M., Martins, J., Gomes, F., Popovic, S. R., Mašanović, B., Demetriou, Y., Schlund, A., & Ihle, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.640028 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Chen, P. (2017) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2017.09.011 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Results from the China 2018 report card on physical activity for children and youth
Liu, Y., Tang, Y., Cao, Z.-B., Zhuang, J., Zhu, Z., Wu, X.-P., Wang, L.-J., Cai, Y.-J., Zhang, J.-L., & Chen, P.-J. (2019) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2018.10.002 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationYe, S., Lee, J. E., Stodden, D. F., & Gao, Z. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7090261 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Tanveer, M., Hohmann, A., Roy, N., Zeba, A., Tanveer, U., & Siener, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191811619 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Zheng, W., Shen, H., Belhaidas, M. B., Zhao, Y., Wang, L., & Yan, J. H. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10010111 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Yi, X., Fu, Y., Burns, R. D., Bai, Y., & Zhang, P. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6420-2 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Song, C., Gong, W., Ding, C., Yuan, F., Zhang, Y., Feng, G., Chen, Z., & Liu, A. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7259-2 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationRen, Z., Tan, J., Huang, B., Cheng, J., Huang, Y., Xu, P., Fang, X., Li, H., Zhang, D., & Gao, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19169942 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Tian, Y.-L., Liu, L., Wang, X., Zhang, X., Zhai, Y., Wang, K., & Liu, J.-J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182010813 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Wang, D. (2017) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2017.10.001 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Physical activity and prevention of chronic disease in Chinese youth: a public health approach
Li, F., Mao, L., & Chen, P. (2019) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.06.008 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Yang, X., Lee, J., Gu, X., Zhang, X., & Zhang, T. (2020) · Children · doi:10.3390/children7080095 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Effect of Extracurricular After-School Physical Activities on Academic Performance of Schoolchildren
Wang, D., Xiong, R., Zhang, J., Han, X., Jin, L., Liu, W., Qu, Y., Chen, Q., Chen, S., Chen, X., et al. (2023) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3615 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Wu, H., Eungpinichpong, W., Ruan, H., Zhang, X., & Dong, X. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237760 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Li, Y., Xia, X., Meng, F., & Zhang, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00468 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
He, Y., Zhou, L., Liang, W., Liu, Q., Liu, W., & Wang, S. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-17728-2 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Li, H., & Cheong, J. P. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.896046 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cao, Y., Zhang, C., Guo, R., Zhang, D., & Wang, S. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.8784 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ripley-Gonzalez, J. W., Zhou, N., Zeng, T., You, B., Zhang, W., Liu, J., Dong, Y., Guo, Y., Dun, Y., & Liu, S. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-42710-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Sun, Y., Yu, S., Wang, A., Chan, H. C.-K., Ou, A. Y. T., Zhang, D., Xie, Y. J., Fong, S. S. M., & Gao, Y. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-26024-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Physical activity and health-related fitness in Asian adolescents: The Asia-fit study
Hui, S. S., Zhang, R., Suzuki, K., Naıto, H., Balasekaran, G., Song, J.-K., Park, S. Y., Liou, Y. M., Lu, D., Poh, B. K., et al. (2019) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1695334 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Guo, M. M., Wang, X. Z., & Koh, K. T. (2022) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-022-02108-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Zhang, D., Shi, L., Zhu, X., Chen, S., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2023.09.004 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Wang, J., Sheng-yong, W., Chen, X., Xu, B., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Ruan, W., Gao, P., Li, X., Xie, T., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19795-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, Q., Guo, H., Chen, S., Ma, J., & Kim, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010355 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Predictive Analysis of Health/Physical Fitness in Health-Promoting Lifestyle of Adolescents
Liu, H., Liu, Y., & Li, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.691669 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Sun, Z., Yuan, Y., Xiong, X., Meng, S., Shi, Y., & Chen, A. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-17769-7 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Li, Y., Xia, X., Meng, F., & Zhang, C. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01327-6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Tong, Z., Kong, Z., Jia, X. Q., Zhang, H., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013504 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of physical fitness on mental health of Chinese college students: across-sectional study
Ma, S., Yang, Y., Soh, K. G., & Tan, H. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18097-6 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationResults From China’s 2018 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Liu, Y., Tang, Y., Cao, Z., Zhuang, J., Zhu, Z., Wu, X., Wang, L., Cai, Y.-J., Zhang, J., & Chen, P. (2018) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2018-0455 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, F., & Chen, P. (2017) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2017.10.002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Football players’ strength training method using image processing based on machine learning
Cao, X., Zhao, X., Tang, H., Fan, N., & Zereg, F. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287433 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Dun, Y., Ripley-Gonzalez, J. W., Zhou, N., Li, Q., Chen, M., Hu, Z., Zhang, W., Thomas, R. J., Olson, T. P., Liu, J., et al. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.11091 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The effect of physical fitness on psychological health: evidence from Chinese university students
Ma, S., Xu, Y., Xu, S., & Guo, Z. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18841-y · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Increasing physical activity among children and adolescents: Innovative ideas needed
Baranowski, T. (2018) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.011 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Reliability of International Fitness Scale (IFIS) in Chinese Children and Adolescents
Bao, R., Chen, S., Kastelic, K., Drenowatz, C. J., Li, M., Zhang, J., & Wang, L. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9040531 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Lun, Y. H. V., Wang, H., Liu, Y., Wang, Q., Liu, T., & Zeng-lin, H. (2024) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105151 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Liu, B., Liu, X., Wang, Q., Yan, W., & Hao, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1044877 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
宋逸, 罗冬梅, 胡佩瑾, 闫晓晋, 张京舒, 雷园婷, 张冰, & Jun, M. Z. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2020.02.020 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Bao, D., Xiao, Z., Zhang, Y., Chen, G., Miao, X., Wang, B., Li, J., Xu, C., & Teng, S. N. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249182 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationHohmann, A., Yuan, X., Schmitt, M., Zhang, H., Pietzonka, M., & Siener, M. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8050391 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Zhang, R., Zhang, C., Lai, P., Cheng, W., Schüz, B., & Kwan, M. (2021) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/s12942-021-00289-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wang, A., Gao, Y., Wang, J., Brown, T. J., Sun, Y., Yu, S., Tong, T. K., Zhong, L. L. D., Fong, S. S. M., Dutheil, F., et al. (2022) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.12999 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Huang, G., Chen, Z., Xiang, F., Huang, T., Liu, J., Zhang, Q., Shen, J., Li, Z., & Shi, Y. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67045-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Hong, J., Yin, X., Zhang, F., Guo, Y., & Sun, P. (2023) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2023.09.003 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Tong, Z., Kong, Z., Jia, X. Q., Yu, J., Sun, T., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20053836 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, Y., Yin, X., Zhang, F., Li, Y., Bi, C., Sun, Y., Li, M., & Zhang, T. (2021) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2021.10.004 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Aliriad, H., Adi, S., Fahrudi, A., Apriyanto, R., & Da’i, M. (2023) · Edu Sportivo/Edu Sportivo · doi:10.25299/es:ijope.2023.vol4(2).12775 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Evaluation of sports public service under fuzzy integral and deep neural network
Yang, Y., Yang, J., & Huang, X.-T. (2021) · The Journal of Supercomputing · doi:10.1007/s11227-021-04110-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, X., Lou, H., Wu, W., Gao, G., Li, R., Lou, X., & Wang, X. (2023) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2023.2245261 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Cheng, J., & Wang, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.898266 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Трачук, С. В., Ген, Я., & Мамедова, І. (2021) · Теорія і методика фізичного виховання і спорту · doi:10.32652/tmfvs.2020.4.96-100 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Physical Fitness and Dietary Intake Improve Mental Health in Chinese Adolescence Aged 12–13
Liang, W., Fu, J. P., Xin, T., Tian, J., Yu, Y., Fan, W., Du, Z., & Jin, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2022.921605 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Liang, C.-Y., Zheng, Z., Wu, Y., Li, Z., Wang, P., Wang, Y., Lin, B.-X., & Fang, J. (2023) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2023/7745815 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Hadier, S. G., Long, L., Hamdani, S. M. Z. H., & Hamdani, S. D. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1616298 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, X., Tang, J., Long, W., Zou, Y., & Tan, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1392803 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sheng, J., Xiang, Z., & Ban, P. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1507711 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Motivation and physical activity across Chinese adolescents: Based on latent profile analysis
Zhao, Y., Wu, Q., & Zheng, W. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0328383 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Survey Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani Mahasiswa PJKR UMMI Semester 5 Angkatan 2019
Bachtiar, B., Aulia, S. N., & Nuraeni, H. (2022) · Riyadhoh Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga · doi:10.31602/rjpo.v5i1.6504 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tanveer, M., Tanveer, U., Zeba, A., & Siener, M. (2024) · Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.53555/jptcp.v31i2.4576 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wei, L., Li, Z., & Sun, Y. L. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13192400 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Wu, Q., & He, P. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1759512 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Hu, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, S., Zhang, M., & Zhang, T. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-07136-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationHow faculty support impact physical education teachers'career satisfaction: A chain mediation model
Yan, J., Dai, X., & Bi, X. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105380 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Wang, Q., Dong, X., Yang, J., Cai, K., Chen, D., & Chen, A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-25718-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Фізична активність учнів середньої школи Китайської Народної Республіки
Трачук, С. В., & Ген, Я. (2022) · Теорія і методика фізичного виховання і спорту · doi:10.32652/tmfvs.2021.4.50-53 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Huang, J., Yang, J., Haegele, J. A., Wang, L., Chen, S., & Li, C. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10020353 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wu, S., Xiu, X., & Qian, Q. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15061425 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hu, Y., & Ma, X. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15118657 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bai, D., Hashim, A. H. M., & Li, Y. (2024) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102718 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yuan, Y., Ratanawijitrasin, S., Li, C., & Lamy, F. R. (2025) · Discover Social Science and Health · doi:10.1007/s44155-025-00246-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tan, X., Li, Z., Suo, X., Li, W., Bi, L., & Yao, F. (2025) · The Visual Computer · doi:10.1007/s00371-025-04089-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Purba, P. H., Rahayu, T., Kusuma, D. W. Y., Handayani, O. W. K., Suganda, M. A., Suryadi, D., & Manullang, J. G. (2024) · International journal of human movement and sports sciences · doi:10.13189/saj.2024.120202 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Valuable yet costly: Exploring students’ perceived costs in physical education
Chen, L., Shen, B., Yin, Z., & Wu, C. (2025) · European Physical Education Review · doi:10.1177/1356336x251357192 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yan, J., Lyu, D., Morgan, P. J., Cicchella, A., Li, M., & Eather, N. (2025) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2025.2603985 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
MOSKALENKO, N., Yakovenko, A., OVCHARENKO, S., SYDORCHUK, T., & Khaniukova, O. (2023) · Sports Bulletin of the Dnieper · doi:10.32540/2071-1476-2023-2-067 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tao, S., Wang, H., Song, Y., & Koh, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1595005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jeevitha, D., Olickal, J. J., Ulaganeethi, R., Singh, A., Ramesh, R., & Chinnakali, P. (2020) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh-2019-0148 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Correlation between Height And Percent Body Fat with Musculoskeletal Fitness at Adolesence
Rahmayanti, K., & Sudiarti, T. (2019) · Nutri-Sains Jurnal Gizi Pangan dan Aplikasinya · doi:10.21580/ns.2019.3.1.3326 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Innovation in physical testing equipment for karate junior kumite category
Manullang, J. G., Aliriad, H., Purba, P. H., & Da’i, M. (2024) · JOURNAL SPORT AREA · doi:10.25299/sportarea.2024.vol9(1).14696 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Shen, Q., & Tsai, P. (2023) · Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala · doi:10.33788/rcis.82.8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Zhu, Q., Li, S., Yao, L., & Wang, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1663693 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Qian, H., Tan, J., Tang, J., & Zou, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1631277 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shen, B., Wang, Y., Pang, Y., & Bo, J. (2026) · European Physical Education Review · doi:10.1177/1356336x261422079 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Deng, M., Zhou, T., Guo, H., & Li, Z. (2026) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings16132624 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Sun, F., Tao, S., Cooper, S. B., & Gao, T.-Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.966510 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vlasiuk, O., Borysova, Y., & Fedoriaka, A. (2022) · Sports Bulletin of the Dnieper · doi:10.32540/2071-1476-2022-3-030 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Correlation between Nutrition Status and Fitness among Ele-mentary School Students in Bali Province
Cakrawati, C. I. D. (2020) · WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) · doi:10.22225/wmj.5.1.1519.16-21 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Emerging Technology Applications to Promote Physical Activity and Health
Gao, Z., & Lee, J. (2019) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03897-709-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Baan, A. B., Rahayu, T., Soegiyanto, S., & Sulaiman, S. (2020) · Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Science, Education and Technology, ISET 2019, 29th June 2019, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia · doi:10.4108/eai.29-6-2019.2290257
Wiyanto, A., Rahayu, T., Sulaiman, S., & Hidayah, T. (2020) · Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Science, Education and Technology, ISET 2019, 29th June 2019, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia · doi:10.4108/eai.29-6-2019.2290256
He, S.-B., Jin, Y., & Jia, H. (2021) · International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education · doi:10.1177/00207209211013478
Retracted
- Authors
- Zhu, Z., Yang, Y., Kong, Z., Zhang, Y., & Zhuang, J.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai University of Sport (CN)
- Beijing Sport University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Yimin
- Zhuang, Jie
- Venue
- Journal of Sport and Health Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 395-403
- ISSN
- 2213-2961 (ISSN-L)
- 2095-2546
- PMC
- PMC6189247
- OpenAlex
- W2751574866
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 5.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Social Science Foundation of China (16ZDA227)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Training Studies
- Keywords
- physical fitness, school-aged children, adolescents, Chinese youth, physical fitness standards, cardiorespiratory fitness, upper body strength, flexibility, body mass index, abdominal muscle strength, trunk muscle strength, sex differences, urban-rural differences, prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
