Genetic factors are important determinants of neurodevelopmental outcome after repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Open accessAbstract
Objective Adverse neurodevelopmental sequelae are common in children with congenital heart defects. Tetralogy of Fallot is part of the clinical phenotype of many genetic syndromes. We evaluated the determinants of neurodevelopmental outcome in patients with tetralogy of Fallot.Methods We performed a subgroup analysis of children with tetralogy of Fallot undergoing complete repair before 6 months of age who were enrolled in a trial assessing apolipoprotein E genotype as a predictor of neurodevelopmental outcome. Assessment included genetic evaluation, neurologic examination, and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II, yielding the Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index.Results Sixty children were tested at 1 year of age. A confirmed or suspected genetic syndrome was identified in 18.3%. The mean Mental Developmental Index was 89 +/- 13, and the mean Psychomotor Developmental Index was 81 +/- 17. Scores for the Mental Developmental Index (76 +/- 13 vs 92 +/- 11) and Psychomotor Developmental Index (63 +/- 13 vs 85 +/- 15) were significantly lower for patients with genetic syndromes. The presence of a genetic syndrome was a predictor of lower Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index (P = .002 and P = .001). The presence of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia and the apolipoprotein E epsilon2 allele were predictive of a lower Mental Developmental Index (P = .001 and P = .035). No other preoperative or operative variables were predictive of worse neurodevelopmental outcome.Conclusions At 1 year of age after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, most patients had neurodevelopmental scores within the normal range. Genetic syndromes and the apolipoprotein E epsilon2 allele were important risk factors for neurodevelopmental dysfunction and accounted for some interindividual differences in outcome.
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Most TOF survivors had neurodevelopmental scores within the normal range 1 year after surgical repair.
“most of TOF survivors had neurodevelopmental scores within the normal range 1 year after their surgical repair”
From Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Tetralogy of Fallot: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
The Conclusions and Abstract state that most patients had normal neurodevelopmental scores at 1 year of age after TOF repair. The claim instead places the assessment 1 year after surgery; the One-year Neurodevelopmental Examination section specifies assessment at 12 months of age, not 12 months postoperatively. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPresence of a genetic syndrome is a risk factor for lower MDI and PDI scores in TOF infants.
“the presence of a genetic syndrome constitutes a risk factor for lower MDI and PDI scores”
From Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Tetralogy of Fallot: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
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Podgoreanu, M. V. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801812-5.00009-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Miller‐Hance, W. C., Gottlieb, E. A., & Motta, P. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25358-4_11 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ferenstein, M., Ostrzyżek-Przeździecka, K., Gąsior, J. S., & Werner, B. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12134555 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Genetic Variation and Outcomes in Right Ventricular Congenital Heart Disease
Mital, S. R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67096-6_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dodge‐Khatami, A., Chen, P., & Mavroudis, C. D. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119282327.ch21 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Patienten nach biventrikulärer Korrektur eines angeborenen Herzfehlers
Dittrich, S. (2016) · Zeitschrift für Herz- Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie · doi:10.1007/s00398-016-0107-0
Advances in Cardiopulmonary Bypass for the Neonate and Infant
Jonas, R. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-52672-9_7
Piran, S. (2010) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Organ System Response to Cardiac Function—Neurology
Tsang, R., Licht, D. J., & Brady, K. M. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0760-7.00017-6
Electroencephalography Findings in Children with Congential Heart Disease
HUSSEIN, M. D. A. E. E.-T. A. A. F., EL-FAYOMY, M. D. R. A. E.-H. N. M., MOHAMED, M. D. S. M. M. R. S., & YOUSEF, R. M. (2019) · The Medical Journal of Cairo University/The Medical Journal of Cairo University · doi:10.21608/mjcu.2019.52413
Podgoreanu, M. V. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-382227-7.00055-0
Neurologic Disorders in Children with Heart Disease
Limperopoulos, C., & du Plessis, A. J. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0435-8.00077-9
APOE, Cardiovascular Surgery, and Cognitive Outcomes
Smith, C. J., Smith, R. S., & Perfetti, T. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52641-1_81-1
Complications Associated with Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Mavroudis, C. D. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02661-3_12 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
APOE, Cardiovascular Surgery, and Cognitive Outcomes
Smith, C. J., SMITH, R. S., & Perfetti, T. A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-96089-5_81
Early motor behavior reflects neurologic involvement in infants with congenital heart disease
Peyton, C., Boswell, L., Crean, A., Hahn, E., Hill, J., Mann, I., O'Connor, A., Stein, K., Vogel, C., & de Regnier, R.-A. O. (2026) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106663
Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery in Neonates
Miller‐Hance, W. C., Gottlieb, E. A., & Motta, P. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6041-2_12
- Authors
- Zeltser, I., Jarvik, G. P., Bernbaum, J., Wernovsky, G., Nord, A. S., Gerdes, M., Zackai, E., Clancy, R., Nicolson, S. C., Spray, T. L., & Gaynor, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Children's Medical Center (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zeltser, Ilana
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 91-97
- ISSN
- 0022-5223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2061581835
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association (9950480N)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiovascular Conditions and Treatments
- Keywords
- tetralogy of Fallot, neurodevelopmental outcomes, APOE genotype, genetic syndromes, pulmonary atresia, congenital heart disease, cognitive development, psychomotor development, early surgical repair, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Apolipoproteins E, Developmental Disabilities, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Polymorphism, Genetic, Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures, Syndrome, Tetralogy of Fallot, Genetic Diseases, Inborn
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