Expression Analysis of Toll like Receptors and Interleukins in Tharparkar Cattle during Acclimation to Heat Stress Exposure
Abstract
Six male Tharparkar cattle of 2-3 years old were selected for the study. After 15 days acclimation at thermo neutral zone (TNZ) in psychrometric chamber, animals were exposed at 42°C for 6h up to 23 days followed by 12 days of recovery period. Blood samples were collected during control period at TNZ (day 1, 5 and 12), after heat stress exposure (day 1-10, Short Term Heat Stress Acclimation - STHSA; day 15-23, Long Term Heat Stress Acclimation - LTHSA) and recovery period (day 7 and 12) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated for RNA and protein extraction. Serum cortisol concentration was assessed by RIA. The mRNA and protein expression in PBMCs were determined by qPCR and western blot respectively. Samples at TNZ were taken as control. Serum cortisol concentration was increased (P<0.05) during STHSA and gradually declined during LTHSA. Toll like receptor 2 (TLR 2) expression was up regulated (P<0.05) during STHSA and declined to basal level during LTHSA and recovery phase. However, toll like receptor 4 (TLR 4) expression was up regulated (P<0.05) during STHSA and LTHSA while declined in recovery phase. Interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 6 (IL 6) were up regulated (P<0.05) during STHSA and reduced to basal level during LTHSA. PBMCs culture study was conducted to study transcriptional abundance of TLR2/4 and IL2/6 at different temperature-time combinations. The present findings indicate that TLR 2/4 and IL 2/6 could possibly play a vital role in thermo tolerance in Tharparkar cattle during short term and long term heat stress exposure.
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The expression of TLR2/4 and IL2/6 in blood was upregulated under both short-term and long-term heat stress.
“Additionally, the expression of TLR2/4 and IL2/6 in blood was upregulated under both short-term and long-term heat stress [117].”
From The Genomic Landscape of Cattle: Domestication, Dispersal, and Adaptive Evolution (2026) · cites this paper as [117]
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- Authors
- Bharati, J., Dangi, S. S., Mishra, S. R., Chouhan, V. S., Verma, V., Shankar, O., Bharti, M. K., Paul, A., Mahato, D. K., Rajesh, G., Singh, G., Maurya, V. P., Bag, S., Kumar, P., & Sarkar, M.
- Affiliations
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Sarkar, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Thermal Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-04
- Volume
- 65
- Pages
- 48-56
- ISSN
- 0306-4565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2586875384
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 6.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Thermal Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (4-3/2010-IA-11)
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI/P&C/10-14/002)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Keywords
- Tharparkar cattle, heat stress, TLR2, TLR4, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, serum cortisol, heat tolerance, gene expression, heat stress recovery
- MeSH terms
- Acclimatization, Animals, Cattle, Cells, Cultured, Gene Expression Regulation, Hot Temperature, Hydrocortisone, Interleukins, Male, Stress, Physiological, Toll-Like Receptors, Global Warming
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