Motivational interviewing—an evidence-based, collaborative, goal-oriented communication approach in lifestyle medicine: A comprehensive review of the literature
Open accessAbstract
The global threat of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is alarmingly increasing. The health and economic burden of improper lifestyle choices is immense. Reducing modifiable risk factors has been demonstrated to significantly prevent chronic diseases. At this crucial time, lifestyle medicine (LM) has been recognized as an evidence-based medical domain applicable to NCDs. Among the tools used in LM, motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient-centered, collaborative counseling approach. In this evidence-based review article, we discuss recent literature on the application of MI in the six LM pillars defined by the British Society of LM (BSLM): healthy eating, mental wellbeing, healthy relationships, physical activity, minimizing harmful substances, and sleep. MI helps strengthen patients' motivation to ameliorate behaviorally influenced health problems, improve treatment adherence, and optimize medical interventions. Technically correct, theoretically congruent, and psychometrically sound MI interventions yield satisfactory outcomes and help improve patient quality of life. Lifestyle change is often a gradual process involving multiple efforts and setbacks. MI is based on the idea that change is a process rather than an event. Extensive literature evidence supports the benefits of MI treatment, and interest in research on MI application is increasing across all BSLM pillars. MI helps people alter their thoughts and feelings about making changes by recognizing obstacles to change. Even interventions of short duration have been reported to yield better outcomes. Healthcare professionals must understand the relevance and importance of MI in clinical practice.
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Incorporating soothing music into a presleep routine reduced anxiety, slowed heart rate, and shortened sleep latency, leading to deeper and more restorative rest.
“A systematic review has shown that incorporating soothing music into a presleep routine reduced anxiety, slowed heart rate, and shortened sleep latency, leading to deeper and more restorative rest [59].”
From Pre-Sleep Anxiety: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches in Clinical Practice. (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
The Sleep section discusses motivational interviewing and sleep outcomes, not presleep music. Searches for soothing music, bedtime listening, heart rate, and sleep latency found no passage addressing the claimed effects. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMusic therapy as an adjunctive intervention for anxiety and sleep disorders reduces physiological arousal, promotes relaxation, and enhances emotional regulation across diverse cultural settings.
“Systematic reviews of cross-cultural RCTs support the use of music therapy as an adjunctive intervention for anxiety and sleep disorders, demonstrating benefits in reducing physiological arousal, promoting relaxation, and enhancing emotional regulation across diverse cultural se ings [59,152].”
From Pre-Sleep Anxiety: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches in Clinical Practice. (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
The Sleep and Healthy relationships sections discuss motivational interviewing for sleep problems and anxiety, not music therapy. Searches for music therapy and the claimed effects found no passage in our copy addressing physiological arousal, relaxation, emotional regulation, or cross-cultural music-therapy trials. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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- Authors
- Almansour, M., AlQurmalah, S. I., & Abdul Razack, H. I.
- Affiliations
- King Saud University (SA)
- Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital (SA)
- Venue
- Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-10
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1170-1178
- ISSN
- 1658-3612 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10189272
- OpenAlex
- W4362636804
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11
- FWCI
- 0.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
- Keywords
- motivational interviewing, lifestyle medicine, non-communicable diseases, patient-centered counseling, healthy eating, psychological well-being, physical activity, sleep, harmful substance use, medication adherence, behavior change, modifiable risk factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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