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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Alongside Clinical Trials II—An ISPOR Good Research Practices Task Force Report
Open accessAbstract
Clinical trials evaluating medicines, medical devices, and procedures now commonly assess the economic value of these interventions. The growing number of prospective clinical/economic trials reflects both widespread interest in economic information for new technologies and the regulatory and reimbursement requirements of many countries that now consider evidence of economic value along with clinical efficacy. As decision makers increasingly demand evidence of economic value for health care interventions, conducting high-quality economic analyses alongside clinical studies is desirable because they broaden the scope of information available on a particular intervention, and can efficiently provide timely information with high internal and, when designed and analyzed properly, reasonable external validity. In 2005, ISPOR published the Good Research Practices for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Alongside Clinical Trials: The ISPOR RCT-CEA Task Force report. ISPOR initiated an update of the report in 2014 to include the methodological developments over the last 9 years. This report provides updated recommendations reflecting advances in several areas related to trial design, selecting data elements, database design and management, analysis, and reporting of results. Task force members note that trials should be designed to evaluate effectiveness (rather than efficacy) when possible, should include clinical outcome measures, and should obtain health resource use and health state utilities directly from study subjects. Collection of economic data should be fully integrated into the study. An incremental analysis should be conducted with an intention-to-treat approach, complemented by relevant subgroup analyses. Uncertainty should be characterized. Articles should adhere to established standards for reporting results of cost-effectiveness analyses. Economic studies alongside trials are complementary to other evaluations (e.g., modeling studies) as information for decision makers who consider evidence of economic value along with clinical efficacy when making resource allocation decisions.
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“The economic evaluation will be performed from a societal perspective, and all analyses will be conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle, in which we adhere to the related guidelines [67–69].”
In the citing paper
“For example, parameter uncertainty will be covered by, for example, sensitivity analyses in which imputed uncertainty is also taken into account by repeating the economic evaluation on the imputed dataset and sampling uncertainty will be taken into account by providing a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve and frontier [67].”
In the citing paper
“Best practice within-trial economic evaluation methods will be adopted53”
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Medical management of early pregnancy loss is cost-effective compared with office uterine aspiration
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“The cost of implementing the intervention/usual care is derived from the limited societal perspective as per recommendations of economic evaluations alongside trials (Ramsey et al., 2005; Ramsey et al., 2015) and as per the ISPOR Drug Task Force Report II (Garrison et al.”
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“The economic evaluation follows the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) guideline for trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis [14] and reporting follows the ISPOR consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards guideline (Appendix 1) [15].”
MethodAlferink, M. T., Sanz-Gadea, B. M., Cabrera‐Lafuente, M., Ergenekon, E., de Haan, T. R., van Kempen, A. A. M. W., Lakhwani, J., Rabe, H., Zaharie, G. C., & Pellicer, A. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08043-7 · Cited by 7
“The cost-effectiveness analysis of RISEinFAMILY implementation will be carried out using recommended methods [35, 36].”
MethodKillingmo, R. M., Øiestad, B. E., Risberg, M. A., Maas, E. T., & Grotle, M. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079704 · Cited by 6
“6 12 18–20 Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the 1-year CE of SE or AE compared with UC for patients with symptomatic knee OA, from a societal and health-care perspective.”
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Long‐term cost‐effectiveness of invasive urodynamic studies for overactive bladder in women
Bell‐Gorrod, H., Thokala, P., Breeman, S., Cooper, D., MacLennan, G., Abdel‐Fattah, M., & Dixon, S. (2025) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/bju.16703 · Cited by 6
“The modelling methods are in line with those of the NICE [7], whilst the trial-based analysis follows international methodological guidelines [8].”
Kuvaja-Köllner, V., Lintu, N., Lindi, V., Rissanen, E., Eloranta, A., Kiiskinen, S., Martikainen, J. A., Kankaanpää, E., Valtonen, H. J., & Lakka, T. A. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01181-0 · Cited by 7
Dasgupta, R., Cameron, S., Aucott, L., MacLennan, G., Kilonzo, M. M., Lam, T. B., Thomas, R., Norrie, J. D., McDonald, A., Anson, K. M., et al. (2022) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/wuzw9042 · Cited by 6
Pfammatter, A. F., Battalio, S. L., Olvera, C., Dezelar, M., Moore, D., Scanlan, L., Siddique, J., Spring, B. J., & Chang, S. (2022) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2022.106750 · Cited by 6
van Delft, L. C. J., Kelleners-Smeets, N. W. J., Peeters, A., Mosterd, K., & Essers, B. A. B. (2023) · EJC Skin Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejcskn.2023.100008 · Cited by 6
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Eckhardt, H., Quentin, W., Silzle, J., Busse, R., & Rombey, T. (2024) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-024-04833-5 · Cited by 5
“The methods were guided by ISPOR recommendations on Good Research Practice in cost-effectiveness analysis alongside clinical trials [23] and by relevant textbooks [24].”
MethodHollingworth, W., Fawsitt, C. G., Dixon, P., Duffy, L., Araya, R., Peters, T. J., Thom, H. H. Z., Welton, N. J., Wiles, N., Lewis, G., et al. (2019) · PharmacoEconomics - Open · doi:10.1007/s41669-019-00188-5 · Cited by 6
“However, NICE and other method guides [38] do not specify how cost-effectiveness subgroup analyses should be conducted or interpreted.”
BackgroundBrettschneider, C., Gensichen, J. S., Hiller, T. S., Breitbart, J., Schumacher, U., Lukaschek, K., Teismann, T., Margraf, J., & König, H. (2020) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-020-05658-9 · Cited by 6
Hunter, S. F., Bindra, J., Chopra, I., Niewoehner, J., Panaccio, M. P., & Wan, G. J. (2021) · ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research · doi:10.2147/ceor.s330118 · Cited by 6
Husereau, D., Drummond, M., Augustovski, F., de Bekker-Grob, E. W., Briggs, A. H., Carswell, C., Caulley, L., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Greenberg, D., Loder, E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2022.cheers · Cited by 7
Self-citationSivapragasam, N. R., Matchar, D. B., Zhuang, K. D., Patel, A. K., Pua, U., Win, H. H., Chandramohan, S., Venkatanarasimha, N. K., Chua, J. M. E., Tan, G. W. L., et al. (2022) · CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00270-022-03073-7 · Cited by 6
“The analysis followed principles set by the Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine [25] and the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Good Practices Task Force [26].”
Cost-effectiveness analysis of using oral magnesium supplementation in the treatment of prediabetes
Guerrero‐Romero, F., & Nevárez-Sida, A. (2022) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2022.03.013 · Cited by 6
Sørensen, J. R., Esbensen, B. A., Aadahl, M., Hetland, M. L., & Thomsen, T. (2022) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002304 · Cited by 6
“The cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) was conducted from a regional healthcare funder perspective in accordance with international guidelines for economic evaluations alongside clinical trials 18 19 and reported according to international standards 20 and adhering to current Danish guidelines.”
How can we associate an economic evaluation with a clinical trial?
Braga, M. M., Machado, G. M., Rocha, E. S., Viganó, M. E. F., Pontes, L. R. A., & Raggio, D. P. (2020) · Brazilian Oral Research · doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0076 · Cited by 6
Zarca, K., Mimouni, M., Pereira, H., Châtellier, G., Vilgrain, V., Durand‐Zaleski, I., Assénat, E., Delhom-Christol, E., Guiu, B., Ilonca, A. D., et al. (2021) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.04.018 · Cited by 6
Muresan, B., Mamolo, C. M., Cappelleri, J. C., Postma, M. J., & Heeg, B. M. S. (2021) · Applied Health Economics and Health Policy · doi:10.1007/s40258-021-00666-0 · Cited by 6
“All analyses were conducted according to the ISPOR guidelines on good research practices for cost-effectiveness analysis alongside clinical trials [16, 17].”
MethodAn economic evaluation of deep brain stimulation for patients with Parkinson's disease
Dams, J., & Dodel, R. C. (2016) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26701 · Cited by 6
Yang, B., Gong, E., Chen, X., Tan, J., Peoples, N., Li, Y., Cai, J., Li, Y., Oldenburg, B. F., Chen, C., et al. (2025) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/75326 · Cited by 4
“Although the effectiveness of the SINEMA model has been demonstrated through a cluster-randomized implementation trial and long-term follow-up [10,11], guidelines emphasize the importance of recording on-site costs to validate the cost-effectiveness of such intervention trials [12].”
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“In healthcare, researchers are increasingly conducting economic evaluations alongside clinical trials (Ramsey et al., 2015).”
Huang, L., Dalziel, K., Lloyd, M., Loke, P., Lozinsky, A. C., & Tang, M.-M. L. K. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075521 · Cited by 4
Sach, T., Onoja, M., Clarke, H., Santer, M., Müller, I., Becque, T., Stuart, B. L., Hooper, J., Steele, M., Wilczynska, S., et al. (2024) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-023-01649-9 · Cited by 5
Marshman, Z., Ainsworth, H. R., Fairhurst, C. M., Whiteside, K., Sykes, D., Keetharuth, A. D., Yousfi, S. E., Turner, E. D., Day, P. F., Chestnutt, I. G., et al. (2024) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/jqta2103 · Cited by 5
de Mortier, C. A., Yaros, J. K., van Mastrigt, G. A. P. G., Verstegen, D. M. L., Evers, S., Majoie, M., Dreesens, D. H. H., & Paulus, A. T. G. (2024) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.14264 · Cited by 7
Cost effectiveness of temporary isolation rooms in acute care settings in Singapore
Graves, N., Cai, Y., MITCHELL, B. G., Fisher, D. A., & Kiernan, M. A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271739 · Cited by 5
“The time horizon for the analysis is 12 months so no discounting rate applies to costs, but health benefits measured in life years attract discounts of 3% per year [15].”
BackgroundIzumi, S., Hagiwara, Y., Matsuyama, Y., Shiroiwa, T., Taira, N., Kawahara, T., Konomura, K., Noto, S., Fukuda, T., & Shimozuma, K. (2023) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-022-02085-8 · Cited by 6
Fahey, M. C., Krukowski, R. A., Anderson, R. T., Cohn, W. F., Porter, K., Reid, T., Wiseman, K. P., You, W., Wood, C. H., Rücker, T., et al. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2023.107335 · Cited by 5
Courtney, P. T., Valle, L., Raldow, A. C., & Steinberg, M. L. (2023) · Seminars in Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.semradonc.2023.10.014 · Cited by 5
Sanabria‐Mazo, J. P., D’Amico, F., Cardeñosa, E., Ferrer, M., Edo, S., Borràs, X., McCracken, L. M., Feliu‐Soler, A., Sanz, A., & Luciano, J. V. (2024) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.337 · Cited by 8
Wang, D., Shifraw, T., Costa, J. C., Abdelmenan, S., Tsegaye, S., Berhane, Y. Y., Gulema, H., Berhane, H. Y., Fasil, N., Workneh, F., et al. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08002-2 · Cited by 5
“We will use the cost data and effectiveness results to conduct an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the four intervention approaches [37, 38].”
MethodMingels, S., Granitzer, M., Luedtke, K., & Dankaerts, W. (2024) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-024-01306-7 · Cited by 5
Doble, B., Langdon, P. E., Shepstone, L., Murphy, G. H., Fowler, D. G., Heavens, D., Malovic, A., Russell, A., Rose, A. K., Mullineaux, L., et al. (2017) · MDM Policy & Practice · doi:10.1177/2381468317729353 · Cited by 5
Wright, J. D., Havrilesky, L. J., Cohn, D. E., Huang, Y., Rathbun, J. A., Rice, L. W., Brown, C. L., Alvarez, R. D., & Ko, E. M. (2018) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.02.011 · Cited by 5
Kandel, M., Dunant, A., Balleyguier, C., & Bonastre, J. (2020) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109058 · Cited by 5
Reeves, P., Szewczyk, Z., Kingsland, M., Doherty, E. L., Elliott, E. J., Dunlop, A. J., Searles, A., & Wiggers, J. H. (2020) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-020-00079-5 · Cited by 5
“measures of arithmetic means, between-group differences and variability of differences [29, 30].”
BackgroundPrentice, L., Sadler, L. C., Lensen, S. F., Vercoe, M., Wilkinson, J., Edlin, R. P., Chambers, G. M., & Farquhar, C. M. (2020) · Human Reproduction Open · doi:10.1093/hropen/hoaa037 · Cited by 5
“The CEA will align with good practice guidelines (Ramsey et al., 2015), with the CEA presented as incremental costs per live birth at 6 and 18 months.”
MethodBerrigan, P., Hodge, J. A., Kirton, A., Moretti, M. E., Ungar, W. J., & Zwicker, J. D. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041444 · Cited by 5
Freitas, R. D., Moro, B. L. P., Pontes, L. R. A., Maia, H. C. D. M., Passaro, A. L., Oliveira, R. C., Garbim, J. R., Viganó, M. E. F., Tedesco, T. K., Deery, C., et al. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05722-7 · Cited by 5
“This manuscript is a health economic analysis plan following the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Good Research Practices Task Force Report recommendations [14] and the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) [15] checklist.”
MethodStegwee, S. I., Ben, Â. J., Alili, M. E., van der Voet, L. F., de Groot, C. J. M., Bosmans, J. E., & Huirne, J. A. F. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044340 · Cited by 5
Buntrock, C., Freund, J., Smit, F., Riper, H. M., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Berking, M., & Ebert, D. D. (2021) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15718 · Cited by 5
“The execution and reporting of the health economic evaluation followed the declaration of the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards [17] and the guidelines of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Results Research [18].”
MethodA Scoping Review of Item-Level Missing Data in Within-Trial Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Ling, X.-X., Gabrio, A., Mason, A. J., & Baio, G. (2022) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2022.02.009 · Cited by 5
Knauer, J., Terhorst, Y., Philippi, P., Kallinger, S. M., Eiler, S., Kilian, R., Waldmann, T., Moshagen, M., Bader, M., & Baumeister, H. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061259 · Cited by 6
Reid, E. A., Abathun, E., Feyisa, J. D., Mamo, Y., Hall, P. S., Fallon, M., Wondemagegnhu, T., & Grant, L. (2020) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100564 · Cited by 5
Brown, N. I., Powell, M. A., Baskin, M. L., Oster, R. A., Demark‐Wahnefried, W., Hardy, C. M., Pisu, M., Thirumalai, M., Townsend, S., Neal, W. N., et al. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/29245 · Cited by 5
van Egmond, S., van Vliet, E. D., Wakkee, M., Hollestein, L. M., Pouwels, X., Koffijberg, H., Misirli, Y., Bakkum, R. S. L. A., Bastiaens, M. T., Kukutsch, N. A., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260978 · Cited by 5
“This decision model simulates potential effects on health outcomes and costs that patients would have made over time to estimate the effect of the intervention compared with usual care [19, 30].”
ResultDutton, G. R., Kinsey, A. W., Howell, C. R., Pisu, M., Dobelstein, A., Allison, D. B., Xun, P., Levitsky, D. A., & Fontaine, K. R. (2021) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2021.106463 · Cited by 5
Patel, S., Boutry, C., Patel, P., Craven, M. P., Guo, B., Zafar, A., Kai, J., Smart, D., Butler, D., Higton, F., et al. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06192-1 · Cited by 5
“Using this information on costs and benefits, an incremental cost-utility analysis will be conducted and reported using an accepted methodology, including a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve showing the probability that the intervention is cost-effective at a range of threshold values for the willingness to pay p…”
MethodMangelsdorf, S. N., Cagliarini, D., Lee, Y. Y., Mihalopoulos, C., Liu, V., Valentine, L., Bendall, S., Koval, P., D'Alfonso, S., Davey, C., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088695 · Cited by 3
“Best practice within-trial economic evaluation methods will be adopted 53 ; and the comparative cost-effectiveness of the Rebound platform (vs treatment as usual) will be summarised using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio metric (eg, cost per QALY).”
ter Meulen, B. C., Maas, E. T., Vegt, R. H. V. D., Haumann, J., Weinstein, H. C., Ostelo, R., & van Dongen, J. M. (2024) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-07366-5 · Cited by 4
“The International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Cost Effectiveness Analysis Randomized Clinical Trial (CEA-RCT) task force therefore recommends that researchers perform CEA if positive clinical results are lacking [19].”
BackgroundCost‐effectiveness of nasal high‐flow in children with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure
Gannon, B., Franklin, D., Vo, V., Babl, F. E., & Schibler, A. (2024) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.16558 · Cited by 4
The clinical value and cost-effectiveness of treatments for patients with coronary artery disease
Weiting, H., Zhang, A. Y., Keong, Y. K., Lam, S. W., How, L. Y., Sahlén, A. O., Pourghaderi, A. R., Che, M., Terrance, C. S., & Graves, N. (2022) · Health Economics Review · doi:10.1186/s13561-022-00401-y · Cited by 4
“The perspective of the analysis was one that included health services costs and a discount rate of 3% was applied to future costs and health benefits [19].”
MethodWijnen, B. F. M., Jansen, M., van Velthoven, A. S. M., Hanssen, I., Huijbers, M. J., Evers, S., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2023) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1981 · Cited by 3
“Our data analysis was performed according to the intention ‐ to ‐ treat principle (Ramsey et al., 2015).”
MethodEgelseer-Bruendl, T., Jahn, B., Arvandi, M., Puntscher, S., Santamaria, J., Brunelli, L., Weissenegger, K., Pfeifer, B. E., Neururer, S. B., Rissbacher, C., et al. (2024) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-024-02395-5 · Cited by 5
“We incorporated all high-cost resources as well as other relevant resources that are expected to differ between treatment arms [13] and, therefore, included direct costs of the DMP and costs of HF rehospitalizations.”
BackgroundMethodWalter, J. R., Barnhart, K. T., Koelper, N., Santoro, N. F., Heping Zhang, D., Thomas, T. R., Huang, H., & Harvie, H. S. (2024) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2024.03.035 · Cited by 4
Welch, C., Förster, M., Ronaldson, S. J., Keding, A., Corbacho, B., & Tharmanathan, P. (2024) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-024-02248-9 · Cited by 4
“There is also growing interest in using clinical trials to examine the cost-effectiveness of the technologies under investigation, alongside their clinical effectiveness, with the objective of assessing their ‘value for money’ to the health care system [9, 10].”
Mollel, G. J., Ketang’enyi, E., Komba, L., Mmbaga, B. T., Shayo, A. M., Boshe, J., Knettel, B. A., Gallis, J. A., Turner, E. L., O’Donnell, K., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0305471 · Cited by 7
Sampaio, F., Langegård, U., de Alva, P. M., Flores, S., Nystrand, C., Fransson, P., Ohlsson‐Nevo, E., Kristensen, I. F., Sjövall, K., Feldman, I., et al. (2024) · Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation · doi:10.1186/s12962-024-00577-6 · Cited by 4
Expert opinion on design and endpoints for studies on catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
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“First, CE analyses require a set of input parameters such as unit cost or discount rate, whose varied specifications may inform different decision rules; so, sensitivity analysis should be implemented to assess the uncertainty in parameters.(13) Other input parameters such as event rates or treatment benefits are usua…”
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“For the design and reporting of this economic evaluation, we followed the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement (Husereau et al., 2013) and the International Society for Pharmacoeconom-ics and Outcomes Research guideline for economic evaluation alongside RCTs (Ramsey et al., 2015).”
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“We estimated a within condition standard deviation (SD) of 5.5% for our primary outcome based on a previous randomized trial [28].”
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“Typically, the TH for pharmacoeconomic evaluation should be suf fi ciently long to obtain the full impact of the intervention measures on the costs and health outcomes of the subjects (24, 37).”
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“5) 158 (39) 314 (38) Stable 203 (49) 204 (51) 407 (50) Worsening 47 (11) 35 (9) 82 (10) Missing 10 (2) 5 (1) 15 (2) Participant’s current bone pain None 148 (36) 160 (40) 308 (38) Mild 131 (31.”
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“It does not contain a numerical rating scale (Ramsey et al., 2015).”
BackgroundDecision Modeling for Cost-Utility Analysis
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“This topic has been covered by another good practices task force [5].”
BackgroundBayesian Statistical Economic Evaluation Methods for Health Technology Assessment
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“Whilst some guidelines exist for performing economic evaluations in the presence of missing outcome values (Ramsey et al., 2015), they tend not to be consistently followed in published studies, which have historically performed the analysis only on individuals with fullyobserved data (Wood et al.,…”
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“…will be covered by, for example, sensitivity analyses in which imputed uncertainty is also taken into account by repeating the economic evaluation on the imputed dataset and sampling uncertainty will be taken into account by providing a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve and frontier [67].”
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“…Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) recognizes that well-conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide strong evidence for estimating treatment effects, but might bear limitations for long-term outcomes, safety data and real-world treatment patterns [3, 4].”
Economic analysis of hemodialysis and urgent-start peritoneal dialysis therapies
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“The chosen methodology more adequately replaces the construction of economic models as it is specific for primary data studies, according to guidelines on the subject 34,37 .”
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“Hence, pRCTs can have high external validity and offer more relevant and applicable evidence to healthcare decision-making than eRCTs [16, 17].”
InfluentialZarca, K., Bekkar, Z., Rapp, T., Durand‐Zaleski, I., & Féral‐Pierssens, A. (2025) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckaf113 · Cited by 3
“We used the gamma distribution with a log link function for costs as an outcome variable, as recommended [14].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Ramsey, S. D., Willke, R. J., Glick, H., Reed, S. D., Augustovski, F., Jonsson, B., Briggs, A., & Sullivan, S. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Pfizer (United States) (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (AR)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ramsey, Scott D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Value in Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 161-172
- ISSN
- 1098-3015 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2139814250
- Cited by
- 811
- References
- 184
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 103 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 17.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Value in Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Keywords
- cost-effectiveness analysis, clinical trials, economic evaluation, trial design, health care utilization, health utility, intention-to-treat analysis, subgroup analysis, uncertainty characterization, reporting guidelines, reimbursement decisions, healthcare resource allocation
- MeSH terms
- Cost-Benefit Analysis, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Advisory Committees, Research Report
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