The learning gain over one school year among 15-year-olds: An international comparison based on PISA

The Credibility Revolution in Empirical Economics: How Better Research Design is Taking the Con out of Econometrics

Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2010) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.24.2.3 · Cited by 1,566 · see citing works

The Effects of Summer Vacation on Achievement Test Scores: A Narrative and Meta-Analytic Review

Cooper, H., Nye, B., Charlton, K., Lindsay, J., & Greathouse, S. (1996) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543066003227 · Cited by 991 · see citing works

The Persistence of Early Childhood Maturity: International Evidence of Long-Run Age Effects

Bedard, K., & Dhuey, E. (2006) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/121.4.1437 · Cited by 597 · see citing works

Too Young to Leave the Nest: The Effects of School Starting Age

Black, S. E., Devereux, P. J., & Salvanes, K. G. (2008) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00081 · Cited by 404 · see citing works

Do Differences in Schools’ Instruction Time Explain International Achievement Gaps? Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries

Lavy, V. (2015) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/ecoj.12233 · Cited by 369 · see citing works

The Effect of Schooling on Cognitive Skills

Carlsson, M., Dahl, G. B., Öckert, B., & Rooth, D.-O. (2015) · Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00501 · Cited by 260 · see citing works

Learning-adjusted years of schooling (LAYS): Defining a new macro measure of education

Filmer, D. P., Rogers, H., Angrist, N., & Sabarwal, S. (2020) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.101971 · Cited by 197 · see citing works

The Value of Smarter Teachers

Hanushek, E. A., Piopiunik, M., & Wiederhold, S. (2019) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.54.4.0317.8619r1 · Cited by 166 · see citing works

The Evolution of the Black-White Test Score Gap in Grades K–3: The Fragility of Results

Bond, T. N., & Lang, K. (2013) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00370 · Cited by 151 · see citing works

Do test score gaps grow before, during, or between the school years?: Measurement artifacts and what we can know in spite of them

von Hippel, P., & Hamrock, C. (2019) · Sociological Science · doi:10.15195/v6.a3 · Cited by 149 · see citing works

The Measurement of Student Ability in Modern Assessment Systems

Jacob, B. A., & Rothstein, J. M. (2016) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.30.3.85 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

School’s Out: The Role of Summers in Understanding Achievement Disparities

Atteberry, A., & McEachin, A. J. (2020) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/0002831220937285 · Cited by 98 · see citing works

Learning More with Every Year: School Year Productivity and International Learning Divergence

Singh, A. (2019) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1093/jeea/jvz033 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Can Your Child Read and Count? Measuring Learning Outcomes in East Africa

Jones, S., Schipper, Y., Ruto, S., & Rajani, R. (2014) · Journal of African Economies · doi:10.1093/jae/eju009 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

The use of test scores from large-scale assessment surveys: psychometric and statistical considerations

Braun, H. I., & von Davier, M. (2017) · Large-scale Assessments in Education · doi:10.1186/s40536-017-0050-x · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Cross-country differences in the quality of schooling

Kaarsen, N. (2013) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.11.005 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Parents, Schools and Human Capital Differences Across Countries

Philippis, M. D., & Rossi, F. (2020) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1093/jeea/jvaa036 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

The evolution of gender gaps in numeracy and literacy between childhood and young adulthood

Borgonovi, F., Choi, Á., & Paccagnella, M. (2021) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2021.102119 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

The Long-Term Effects of Long Terms – Compulsory Schooling Reforms in Sweden

Fischer, M., Karlsson, M., Nilsson, T., & Schwarz, N. (2019) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1093/jeea/jvz071 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Achievement gains from reconfiguring early schooling: The case of Brazil's primary education reform

Rosa, L., Martins, M., & Carnoy, M. (2018) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.10.010 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Assessing Effects of Schooling With Cross-Sectional Data: Between-Grades Differences Addressed as a Selection-Bias Problem

Luyten, H., & Veldkamp, B. P. (2011) · Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19345747.2010.519825 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Student composition in the PISA assessments: Evidence from Brazil

Gomes, M., Hirata, G., & Oliveira, J. B. A. E. (2020) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102299 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

IRT-Skalierung der Tests im PISA-Längsschnitt 2012/2013: Auswirkungen von Testkontexteffekten auf die Zuwachsschätzung

Nagy, G., Lüdtke, O., Köller, O., & Heine, J.-H. (2017) · Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s11618-017-0749-z · Cited by 15 · see citing works

The effectiveness of vocational versus general secondary education

Kuzmina, Y. V., & Carnoy, M. (2016) · International Journal of Manpower · doi:10.1108/ijm-01-2015-0022 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

How Much Progress Do Children in Shanghai Make Over One Academic Year? Evidence From PISA

Anders, J., Jerrim, J., & McCulloch, A. (2016) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/2332858416678841 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

The Difference That One Year of Schooling Makes for Russian Schoolchildren

Tiumeneva, Y. A., & Kuzmina, J. V. (2015) · Russian Education & Society · doi:10.1080/10609393.2015.1068567 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Was bedeutet es für den Geschlechterunterschied in der Mathematikkompetenz bei PISA, wenn dem Schulsystem leistungsschwache Jungen verloren gehen?

Salchegger, S., & Suchan, B. (2017) · Zeitschrift für Bildungsforschung · doi:10.1007/s35834-017-0190-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

The Effects of Schooling on Cognitive Skills: Evidence from Education ExpansionsPreprint

Cappellari, L., Daniele Checchi, A., & Ovidi, M. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4331402 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Exploring the robustness of country rankings by educational attainment

Schroeder, C., & Yitzhaki, S. (2019) · Journal of Economics · doi:10.1007/s00712-019-00682-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

COVID-19, school closures, and student learning outcomes. New global evidence from PISA

Jakubowski, M., Gajderowicz, T., & Patrinos, H. A. (2025) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-025-00297-3 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

PISA 2022. Norske elevers kompetanse i matematikk, naturfag og lesing

Jensen, F., Pettersen, A., Frønes, T. S., Eriksen, A. E. B., Lövgren, M., & Narvhus, E. K. (2023) · doi:10.23865/noasp.205 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Skills and Earnings: A Multidimensional Perspective on Human Capital

Woessmann, L. (2025) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-081324-081733 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Fostering the Four C’s: A Gendered Perspective on Technology Use in STEAM Education

Ulbrich, E., Tejera, M., Schmid, A., Sabitzer, B., & Lavicza, Z. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15050528 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

How representative is the Swedish PISA sample? A comparison of PISA and register data

Borger, L., Johansson, S., & Strietholt, R. (2024) · Educational Assessment Evaluation and Accountability · doi:10.1007/s11092-024-09438-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Inequality in USA mathematics education: the roles race and socio-economic status play

Schmidt, W. H., Guo, S., & Sullivan, W. F. (2024) · ZDM · doi:10.1007/s11858-024-01593-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

A person centered analysis of student well being and academic achievement using PISA 2022 data from Kazakhstan

Makhmetov, A., Satanov, A., & Yessenbekova, K. (2026) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-026-01119-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Quantifying the effect of policies to promote educational performance on macroeconomic productivity

Égert, B., de la Maisonneuve, C., & Turner, D. (2023) · OECD Economics Department working papers · doi:10.1787/b00051cc-en · Cited by 4 · see citing works

PIRLS 2021 and PISA 2022 Statistics Show How Serious the Pandemic Losses Are

Crato, N., & Patrinos, H. A. (2024) · Evaluating education: Normative systems and institutional practices · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69284-0_1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Apprentissages hétérogènes : comment les élèves progressent au collège ?

Heidmann, L., Delarue, M.-C., & Raffy, G. (2024) · Education et formations · doi:10.3917/edfo.107.0007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Teachers’ immigration attitudes and students’ performance

Batruch, A., Sommet, N., & Green, E. G. T. (2025) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2025.102303 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Bref retour cliométrique sur 50 ans de performances scolaires en lecture et en mathématiques en France : 1970-2020

Altinok, N., & Diebolt, C. (2024) · Revue d économie politique · doi:10.3917/redp.341.0081 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Pathways to gender equity in Latin America and the Caribbean: A comparative analysis of trends in mathematics gender gaps using PISA data

Ortega, L., Montero, M., Romero, Á., Canals, C., & Mizala, A. (2026) · Studies In Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101579 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Poland: Education During and After COVID-19 Pandemic and Educational Reforms

Gajderowicz, T. J., & Jakubowski, M. (2024) · Evaluating education: Normative systems and institutional practices · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69284-0_9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Violência na escola na percepção dos estudantes brasileiros

Basso, F. V., de Souza, C. E. L., & Rodrigues, C. G. (2023) · Cadernos de Estudos e Pesquisas em Políticas Educacionais · doi:10.24109/9786558011026.ceppe.v9.5975

Trú nemenda á eigin getu og frammistaða í stærðfræðilæsi PISA 2022

Gísladóttir, B., Sigurjónsson, J. Ö., Þorgrímsson, G. B., & Hreinsdóttir, F. (2025) · Tímarit um uppeldi og menntun · doi:10.24270/tuuom.2025.34.3

School closures, shelter-use and learning outcomes in the philippines: evidence from 2019 TIMSS

Abrigo, M. R. M., Francisco, K. A., & Santos, K. C. (2025) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2025.102738

The Price of Educational Inequality: Fifty Years of Education and Growth in France

Altinok, N., & Diebolt, C. (2026) · Population economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-13277-2_5

The Price of Progress: Access, Quality and Equity in the Turkish Education System

Altinok, N., & Diebolt, C. (2026) · Population economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-13277-2_6

The learning gain over one school year among 15-year-olds

Avvisati, F., & Givord, P. (2021) · OECD education working papers · doi:10.1787/d99e8c0a-en · Cited by 24 · see citing works

How much do 15-year-olds learn over one year of schooling? An international comparison based on PISA

Avvisati, F., & Givord, P. (2021) · OECD education working papers · doi:10.1787/a28ed097-en · Cited by 11 · see citing works

What accounts for international learning performance variations of 15-year-olds: an examination of student-, school- and country-characteristics : a statistical research study to determine the effects of public spending on education, parental socio-economic status and school tracking age on the learning performance of 15-year-olds and the dispersion between the learning performances of these students using PISA 2012 data from Europe, the United States, Canada and Australia

Gommers, M. C. J. (2015) · Theses database, Tilburg University

The effect of one extra year schooling for student achievements: Evidence from countries with different dynamics in PISA results

Давидович, Ф. И., Tyumeneva, Y. A., & Kuzmina, Y. V. (2012)

Learning for Tomorrow's World

OECD (2004) · Programme for international student assessment/Internationale Schulleistungsstudie · doi:10.1787/9789264006416-en · Cited by 478 · see citing works